Luo Yin in the Late Tang Dynasty
It is said that the snow omen is a good year. What kind of good year will it be?
There is a poor man in Chang 'an, and I said there is no good snow.
To annotate ...
1, all: all. Tao: Go ahead, go ahead. Harvest year: Xue Rui heralds a harvest year.
2. How: How, how.
3. Appropriate: It should be.
translate
It is said that this snow indicates a good year. What will happen in a good year?
There are poor people in Chang' an city, so I say it is not advisable to have more snow.
Distinguish and appreciate
There is a kind of poem that feels bland at first contact, but it has a thought-provoking artistic power. Luo Yin's Snow is such a work. The title is "Snow", but this poem is not about snow, but about whether snow is a good omen. The quatrains are lyrical but not argumentative, and the five quatrains are extremely narrow, especially avoiding discussion. The author's preference for short words seems to be intended to create a special style.
Good winter brings good summer. Hard-working farmers will naturally have associations and expectations for a good year when they see snowflakes fluttering. But now it is in the bustling imperial capital Chang 'an, and the voice of "doing your best and being young" is worth pondering. The word "all the way" contains irony. In connection with the following, it can be inferred that people who "try their best to enrich their years" are people from another world different from "poor people" Dajia, a wealthy businessman who lives in a mansion in a deep courtyard and wears fur and fur, is full of alcohol, warms himself around the stove and looks at the snow all day, just saying with one voice that the snow bodes well. They may pretend to be compassionate and caring people with lofty ideals.
It is precisely because this generation "tried its best to have a good year" that the next question is cold: "What about a good year?" -"What if there is a good year?" This is a rhetorical question. There is no answer, and there is no need to answer. People who "try their best to have a good year" know it. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, the exploitation of exorbitant taxes and high land rent made farmers, whether rich or poor, in the same miserable situation. "New silk is sold in February, and new grain is harvested in May", "The grain was not exhibited in June, and the government repaired the warehouse", "The rice is ripe in front of the mountain, and the ears are fragrant. Fine and fine, like jade. The official holds it, and the private room has no warehouse. " These poems clearly answer "What's going on?" But in this poem, not telling the truth is more artistic than telling the truth. It seems to be a blow to the head, which makes those who "try their best in good years" speechless.
The third and fourth sentences are not about expressing feelings and further discussion along "what will happen in a good year", but about whether the snow at the beginning is auspicious or not. Because the author's main purpose in writing this poem is not to express sympathy for the poor, but to throw daggers at those who talk about bumper harvests. "There are poor people in Chang 'an, and it is not desirable to be rich." It seems to remind these people coldly: "When you are enjoying the delicacies of mountains and seas and talking about the high-rise snow, I am afraid you have long forgotten that there are many' poor people' who have no food, no clothes and sleep on the streets in Chang 'an, the imperial capital." They can't expect the benefits of "bumper harvest", but they will freeze to death by what you call "bumper harvest" How many "frozen bones" will appear on Chang 'an Avenue tomorrow after a snowstorm! "It is not advisable to do more for Switzerland" seems to be an understatement and a bit humorous. Actually, it contains deep anger and fiery feelings. Gentle and calm tone and sharp and penetrating disclosure, cold irony and deep anger are harmoniously combined here.
Without certain preconditions, it is difficult to argue whether snow is a good omen or a disaster, not to mention that it is not the task of poetry at all. The poet has no intention of having such a debate. He was disgusted and indignant at the well-fed and carefree dignitaries, who had no * * * feelings and * * language for the poor, but wanted to put on a face that was most concerned about the poor in the rich years, so he seized the topic of "rich years" and skillfully made a negative article, tearing off the masks of those "benevolent people" and revealing their faces.
There is no direct picture in the poem, and there is no image description. However, the poet's image is very vivid, because the comments that seem to lack image in the poem are not only full of the poet's hatred, contempt and anger, but also show the poet's humorous and cynical character everywhere. It can be seen that it is not appropriate to understand the image of poetry too narrowly.
Historical evaluation
Jianxuan Collection: There are many modern proverbs in ancient poetry. "If you don't take shoes, Li won't take the crown", a poem. "There are poor people in Chang 'an, but it is not advisable to be rich", a poem by Luo Yin. "But knowing and doing good will lead to Mo Wen's future", Feng Daoshi. "It is good to be poor at home, RongShiYu.
The essence of the quatrains in the Tang Dynasty: This benevolent person has ulterior motives, which is unusual at first glance, but the person who describes the cold color of snow is different.
Brief introduction of the author
Luo Yin (833-909) was a writer in the late Tang Dynasty. The real name is Heng, and the name is Jiang Dongsheng. He is from Xincheng (now Fuyang, Zhejiang) and Yuhang (now Zhejiang). I became famous when I was young. However, because his poems are good at attacking current politics and mocking officials, the ten scholars are not the first, but changed their names to Cain. After the peasant uprising broke out in Huang Chao, he avoided chaos and lived in seclusion in Jiuhua Mountain. Later, he returned to his hometown to serve Qian Liu in Zhenhai, which won Qian Liu's appreciation. In 887 (the third year of Tang Guangqi), it was played as Qiantang Order and moved to A Lang. In 906 (the third year of Emperor Taizong), he served as a judge. In 908 AD (the second year of Kaiping, Hou Liang), he was awarded the project and moved to a salt-iron ship the following year, and died soon. Luo Yin lived in turbulent times and was oppressed for a long time. He is a poet with seven unique skills, satirizing reality and using spoken language, so a few works can be circulated among the people. There are ten volumes of poems A and B handed down from generation to generation.
Snow (Baota poem)
Tang Zhang heather
snow
Flower piece, jade piece
Evil wind, sinking dusk festival
The mountains are empty and the plains are wide and clean.
At first, it floated out of the clouds and choked into the air.
Every household is clean, and the fur of animals is hot.
At this time, Luoyang people danced in pairs, but Yingge was heartbroken.
There is another version.
snow
snow
Flower piece, jade piece
Evil wind, sinking dusk festival
The mountains are empty and the plains are wide and clean.
Just out of the clouds, but choking in the air.
Every household is clean, and the fur of animals is hot.
At this time, Luoyang people danced in pairs, but all the songs in the camp were cut off.
Si Nuo (Modern Poetry)
Author: unknown
White as jade, dancing happily,
Silently into the fragrance of the earth.
I want to touch your soul,
Put your arm on your shoulder.
Your white body can't help but make my fiery hands melt quietly.
I am a gray cloud in the sky,
I kissed your face gently,
Let go of your hand and let you wander.
You fly, fly, you see endless mountains, endless Yuan Ye, and stagnant rivers. ...
You are dancing happily,
Fall on branches, vilen, mountains and rivers,
Fell asleep quietly ...
In the dream, your eyes appear-
The moment I let go of my hands and let you wander.
Si Nuo (Prose)
Author: Lu Xun
The rain that warms the country has never turned into a cold, hard and brilliant snowflake. Well-informed people think he is monotonous. Does he feel unhappy? The snow in Jiangnan is very beautiful. That's the news of youth that is still looming, and it's the skin of a very strong virgin. In the snowfield, there are blood-red camellias, single-petal plum blossoms with dark green in white and wintersweet with dark yellow chin; There are cool green weeds under the snow. Hu Die did not; I really can't remember whether bees come to collect honey from camellia and plum blossoms. But my eyes seem to see bloom on the snowfield in winter. Many bees are busy flying, and I can hear their buzzing.
Children's hands, red with cold, are like purple bud ginger, and seven or eight of them get together to make snow arhats. Because it was unsuccessful, whose father also came to help. Lohan is much taller than children, although it is only a bunch of small tops and big bottoms, and finally it is unclear whether it is a gourd or a Lohan; But it's white and bright, and it's glued together with its own water, and the whole ground shines. The children made his eyes with longan seeds and stole rouge from his mother's powder and put it on his lips. This time it's really a big arhat. He just sat in the snow with burning eyes and red lips.
The next day, several children came to see him and asked him. By the way, he clapped his hands, nodded and smiled. But he finally sat alone. Sunny days come to soothe his skin again, and cold nights make him opaque; The continuous sunny days made him wonder what it was, and the rouge on his mouth gradually faded.
However, after the northern snowflake flies, it will always be the same as powder and sand. They will never stick together and scatter on the house, the ground and the hay. That's it. The snow on the house has already been digested because the fire in the house is warm. In addition, on a sunny day, a whirlwind suddenly came. It flew vigorously, shining brightly in the sun, like a fog with flames, spinning and rising, permeating space; Let the space rotate, rise and twinkle.
In the boundless wilderness, under the cold sky, the shining soul of rain is spinning and rising. ...
Yes, it is lonely snow, dead rain and the soul of rain.
1925 1 month 18.
Si Nuo (Prose)
Author: Liang Shiqiu
Li Bai's words: "Yan Xueshan is as big as a seat." This is not reliable, and the poet exaggerates it, just like "three thousands of feet white hairs" and so on. According to scientific reports, the formation of snowflakes depends on the local temperature at that time, and the maximum diameter is three to four hours. As big as a seat, can't a snowflake cover the whole person? Snow, the bigger the snow, the better, as long as it's not a disaster. Rain and snow are falling like salt in the air, flying like catkins and falling slowly. It's really interesting. No one doesn't like it. Some people like rain, some people suffer from it, and I have never heard of anyone who hates snow. Even in places of ice and snow, Eskimos will build dome-shaped huts with snow blocks, which is very warm to live in.
To enjoy the snow, you must not be hungry first. Otherwise, the snow will blow and the wind will blow, and you will be hungry and cold, so you can't breathe. Why do you have time to count "one by one" ... flying into the plum blossom fragrance? "There was a Yuan An in the later Han Dynasty who was blocked by heavy snow and had no way to travel. People call him to death, and Luoyang makes him snow-free. I found him lying stiffly in the room and asked him why he didn't come out. He said,' People who are snowing heavily are hungry and should not fuck people. "This person is very cute, he is hungry, and he expects others to be hungry. I believe that Yuan An can't sing such a sentence as "the wind blows the snow like a flower" when he is lying stiff. King Jin still lives in the deep mountains. Snow begins at night and the moonlight is clear. Suddenly, he remembered his friend Diane Dao who was far away from home. Even if he takes a boat at night, he will pass by his master and build a door without looking back. If it weren't for the heavy snow, he wouldn't be so excited. If he didn't continue to eat porridge himself, he wouldn't go for an empty walk by boat at night. As for Xie Anshi's elegance, it is even more a wealthy family, who sings poetry with children on a cold snowy night.
A snowflake contains countless crystals, and a crystal has many faces, each of which reflects light, so the snow is very white. When I was a child, I heard that there was a story about cooking snow and talking about tea. I was curious for a moment, so I scooped up the newly fallen snow in the yard, put it in a bottle and melted it into water. After seven steps, I made Dahongpao in a small Yixing pot, poured it into a small handless den, sipped it carefully, and raised my toast and sniffed it three or two times-I didn't feel it at all. I'll check the remaining snow water again, as if I want to hit it with alum! Air pollution and snow can't keep it clean. One year, I was on duty on Miluo Road. On the way, the car broke down, it was snowing, and I was hungry. I bought food in a hut on the side of the road, and the master made me noodles. I am ecstatic. But there was no water for cooking noodles, so the owner took the washbasin, scooped up the snow on the roadside and put it under the messy snow water. Although it's delicious when you're hungry, such clear soup noodles are not very delicious. Since then, I think snow can only be seen from a distance, not played. Su Wu's desire for blankets and snow are two different things.
The loveliness of snow is that it covers the earth, everything, and there is no difference. Sleeping under a quilt at night in winter, I feel chilly, curled up and afraid to move. When I open my eyes in the morning, there is bright light shining in the gap between the window lattice curtains. I got up and looked out of the window. Ah! A vast expanse of whiteness is a silver world. Bamboo branches and pine leaves are covered with piles of snow, and branches and old trees are inlaid with silver edges. Zhumen and Penghu are also affected by it, and there is no difference between carved jade fences and urns and mulberry trees. The potholes on the ground, the dead branches and stalks on the ice, and the leftovers on the road were all covered by a crane left by God. Snow is so selfless, decorated with beautiful things, but also covered up all the filth, although it can not be covered up for too long.
The biggest advantage of snow is in agriculture. We depend on the sky for food. Since ancient times, we have looked at the face of heaven. "The sky is the same as the clouds, and the rain and snow are the same." ..... that's enough, and all aspects are pregnant with me. As the saying goes, "Xue Rui is in good weather", that is to say, there will be a lot of snow this winter and next spring. There is no need for "heavy snow, as for the bull's-eye", the full scale is enough. Others say that snow should be suitable for wheat, because locusts leave their seeds on the ground. When the snow is one foot deep, they drill down to ten feet underground, and even the pests are cured. I had a similar experience myself. There are two pillars of peony in front of the hall and a bed of Hosta under the eaves of the study. Several heavy snows swept in winter and piled up on the flower beds, which not only kept the flower roots warm, but also melted into natural irrigation when they came to Chun Xue. When the earth returned to the Soviet Union, the new seedlings were furious, grew strong and blossomed. I think this is more meaningful than making a snowman.
It is said that a thin man once sang a poem about snow: "The yellow dog is white and the white dog is swollen. If you go out to drink, the world will be unified. " As the saying goes, "the official sings poetry well", not to mention that the hero will be complacent when he is in love? This poem is not without originality, but is ridiculously thick, which is probably related to birth temperament. According to legend, the French emperor Louis XIV wrote a poem with three rhymes, which made him complacent. He asked Bovalou, a poet critic, for advice. Bovalou said, "Your Majesty can do anything. Your majesty tried to write a crooked poem, and he succeeded. " Our hero's Ode to Snow should also be regarded as an excellent crooked poem.
Si Nuo (Prose)
Author: unknown
"Son, get up quickly, it's snowing outside!" "Really?" I quickly got dressed, opened my sleepy eyes and looked out of the window.
Yes, it really snows. This is the first snow of the new year. I couldn't help feeling happy and hurried outside. The road is like white satin extending into the distance; The cars on the road are walking leisurely. Turning to the green belt on the road, the small shrub also put on its white coat; On the pine tree by the roadside, there is a bun of white flowers on the top of the tree, like a Japanese wet nurse.
Walking, unconsciously, I came to a familiar intersection. So I walked into the crossroads. This is the road I often take on weekdays. Very quiet. There are no noisy cars on the avenue here, and sometimes a car passes by occasionally, splashing helpless snowflakes on the ground. There is no rumble of cars on the avenue here, only a few dogs barking from the deep alley in the distance; The uniqueness here lies in the vast fields covered with snow.
The pace doesn't mean to stop, but to go straight ahead, unhurried. It didn't snow heavily, but it moistened the earth. The sky is gray, which means it is snowing. The air is a little cold.
The first snow fell quietly on the ground and stopped quietly. In summer, bean-sized raindrops pour down; Now, if you are Tingting's dancer, you will greet the world with a cheerful dance. When the sun comes out of the clouds, you feel a hot air coming, and gradually, you melt. You have a sister named Yu. You used her to nourish the earth, but you chose a gentler way. You come from the gray sky, but now you are still white and flawless.
Snow is the gorgeous color of the earth, nourishing green wheat seedlings and flowers and leaves to welcome spring. Once she melts, a beautiful spring will come!
Snow is the prelude to spring.