One place in ten miles ① flying dust and ashes, and one place in five miles ② soldiers and fire.
According to (3), it is litchi and longan.
Flying over the mountains and seas, the leaves and branches of the wind are as fresh as new ones.
The beauty in the palace broke her face and shocked the dust and blood for thousands of years.
Yongyuan [5] litchi came to Jiaozhou, and Tianbao tribute was taken from Fucheng [6].
So far, I want to eat Fu Lin's meat, and no one has shown me around.
I hope God will have mercy on this child and not give birth to anything beautiful.
Rain is good for gold, but people are not hungry or cold.
Don't look, chestnut buds ⑿ by the stream, Ding in front and Cai ⑿ behind are all kept in captivity.
Strive for new pets, each with his own plans, and strive for official tea this year.
What does my king lack? Why should he open his mouth?
Luoyang Xiang Jun [14] is loyal to the filial family, and pity also enters Yao Huanghua [14].
To annotate ...
⑴ Location: Post Station ⑴ ⑴: An ancient earthen fort used to observe the enemy.
(3) Sleeping: cross lying together.
(4) disfigure: turn into a smiling face.
⑸ Yongyuan: "Yongyuan" is the title of the Eastern Han Dynasty and Emperor. "History of the Later Han Dynasty" contains: "The old longan and litchi were offered, one in ten miles (post station) and one in five miles (lookout fort). The danger was blocked and the deceased went with the road. When I was a military commander (officer), Runan (born and raised) was Tang Qiang, and the county was connected with the South China Sea. It was a letter to the emperor, saying,' It is shameful to be far away from home. This is a recommended ancestral temple. If it hurts, you can't love the people. If you are too official, don't provide it again. "So save yourself."
[6] Tianbao Year Tribute: refers to the event of paying tribute to Fuling litchi during Tianbao Year in Tang Dynasty. "New Tang Book" "Xuanzong Yang Guifei. The princess loves litchi, so she wants to succeed, so she rides Ma Qianli, and her taste will not change from the capital. "
(7) Bo Xun: Tang Qiang, the word Bo Xun, established the government and added the commander-in-chief. The county is connected with Jiaozhou and provides longan, litchi and fresh food. Offering it, the post horse passed it on day and night until it was poisoned by the tiger and the wolf, and the servant died endlessly. Taoist scriptures approached martial arts and wrote a strong admonition, saying,' I don't take taste as my virtue, and I don't take tribute. Therefore, the son of heaven respects eating too fast and does not value fruit. Fu Jian gave birth to longan and other seven counties. Birds are frightened by the strong wind, and the land of Zhou Nan is full of evil insects and wild animals. As for the harm of death. The dead can't be resurrected, and those who come can still be saved. If these two things ascend to the temple, they may not be able to prolong life. "The emperor followed it." (Xie Cheng's Notes on the Eight Classics of the Later Han Dynasty).
As a child: the people.
(9) stunner: precious thing, refers to litchi.
⑽ sores; Disaster ⑾ Shang Rui: the greatest good omen.
⑿ Millet bud: the top grade of Wuyi tea.
[13] Former Ding Hou Cai: It means that Mr. Ding Qing was appointed as Fujian Cao's envoy in the Song Dynasty, and later Cai Nang took over this position to supervise the production of tribute tea. In order to please the emperor, they competed for Wuyi tea and presented the best tea as tribute tea to the emperor.
[14] Luoyang: refers to the money once in Xijing. Qian Chu, his father, surrendered to the Song Dynasty, and Song Taizong called it "loyalty and filial piety to protect the country", so Su Shi called money "the home of loyalty and filial piety".
⒂ Yao Huanghua: It is a valuable variety of peony. Luoyang began to pay tribute to peony from money.
translate
There are mud castles in five miles and post stations in ten miles.
Look at the dust, look at the momentum of fire and soldiers.
More spectacular than marching and fighting. How many people died in the valley before they sent litchi and longan to the palace like a flying car and crossed Qian Shan?
Cross the sea like a stork.
Not so fast.
How can it be as fresh as it was just picked?
Just for the beauty in the palace, countless creatures were shocked and blood splashed.
It is a shame to be an emperor so angered.
Han and Emperor Wudi wanted to eat litchi in Jiaozhou, but they stopped because of their advice.
Yang Guifei's son wanted to eat litchi in Fuling, and Tang Xuanzong sent it on her swift horse.
Li's mouth is full of honey, and people can't wait to eat his meat.
Tang Qiang was upright and honest, but none of the leaders offered any more sacrifices to him.
As long as the crops are abundant and the weather is favorable.
The common people are neither hungry nor cold, and they are the biggest Jirui.
So I implore God to have pity on these poor people.
Don't plant these precious things again and bring disaster to the country and people.
The tea in Wuyishan is very good.
Cai Xiang and Ding Wei in the Song Dynasty, which one does not compete for goods?
Choose the best tribute for your son and make him happy.
These dog officials tried their best to come up with new ideas.
It's not just to gain a good impression and get a little more profit.
Is it these luxuries that our emperor lacks?
As a courtier, I only know how to satisfy the emperor with the enjoyment of eating and drinking.
That's mean!
Poor money comes from a filial family.
Or pay tribute to the emperor's precious peony flowers.
Those shameless and treacherous little people
Not to mention!
Appreciating this poem 1 has a strong sense of the times and clear pertinence, which embodies Su Shi's progressive thought of sympathy for the people and courage to criticize current politics. It pointedly pointed out that the smile of the ruling class is often based on the people's "jumping into the pit to be convinced, shaking the dust and spilling blood". From "I don't see you" to realistic criticism, it reveals the tribute of the current dignitaries to tea peony by name, and shows the selfless and fearless critical spirit from satirizing the ancient to stabbing the present.
Structural features: developed layout and touching brushwork. Sixty-two sentences are tied to "litchi", and the last four sentences are tied to "sigh". The paragraph "I don't see you" has mixed feelings. Never "returning to the topic" represents the characteristics of Su Shi's poems that pay attention to talent, prose and discussion, which enhances the expressive force of poetry.
Appreciation 2 The content of this poem is obviously divided into two parts. The first sentence of 12 can be regarded as the first sentence, remembering the harm of Gong Li in Han and Tang dynasties by documentary means. In order to make litchi as fresh as the "new harvest", the bad king and his courtiers set up post stations in various places, and the flying car was as urgent as a soldier's fire, making litchi wave after wave, and the dead took the pillow. Winning "the beauty in the palace breaks her face" with "shocking the dust and spilling blood" fully exposed the extravagance of the high-ranking officials and the poison of tea, which made the people hate it so much that they still wanted to tear the flesh of the traitor Li after 1000 years. Enough to prove that Gong Li is a disaster for the country and the people.
Su Dongpo's account of Gong Li's disaster in Han and Tang Dynasties is based on historical facts (there is a brief "self-note" in the poem). "Yongyuan" is the title of the Eastern Han Emperor. The Chronicle of the Emperor in the Later Han Dynasty said: "In the old South China Sea, longan lychees were offered, one in ten miles (a post station) and one in five miles (a lookout castle). The danger was blocked and the deceased went with the road. When he was a military commander (official), Runan (native Tang Qiang) and the county were connected to the South China Sea, which was a written statement. The emperor wrote a letter and said,' I am ashamed of going abroad, so I recommend the ancestral temple. If it hurts, you can't love the people. If you are too official, don't provide it again. "So save yourself." The annotator gave a more detailed introduction to Tang Qiang, saying, "Tang Qiang, with the word Bo You, ruled the government and was appointed as the military commander. The county is connected with Jiaozhou and provides longan, litchi and fresh food. Offering it, the post horse passed it on day and night until it was poisoned by the tiger and the wolf, and the servant died endlessly. Taoist scriptures approached martial arts and wrote a strong admonition, saying,' I don't take taste as my virtue, and I don't take tribute. Therefore, the son of heaven respects eating too fast and does not value fruit. Fu Jian gave birth to longan and other seven counties. Birds are frightened by the strong wind, and the land of Zhou Nan is full of evil insects and wild animals. As for the harm of death. The dead can't be resurrected, and those who come can still be saved. If these two things ascend to the temple, they may not be able to prolong life. "The emperor followed it." (Xie Cheng's Notes on the Eight Classics of the Later Han Dynasty). Linwu is now Chenzhou, Hunan. Jiaozhou, Jiaodian, Qin and Han Dynasties set up counties, which are now Vietnam, generally referring to Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and the South China Sea.
Tang Qiang can be said to be an official who loves the people as a son, dares to break the dragon and break the tiger and plead for the people. Fortunately, Han and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty were relatively open-minded and paid tribute to remonstrance. According to historical records, Tang Qiang resigned from his post and went home to write works behind closed doors, so he should not be called up. Looks like an honest minister. However, most emperors of later generations could not resist the temptation of delicious litchi, and the old tribute lasted for a long time. Su Shi's poem "Tianbao Tribute" refers to the event of paying tribute to Fuling litchi during Tianbao period of Tang Dynasty, and "New Tang Book" refers to Yang Guifei, Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty. The princess loves lychees and wants to live, so riding Ma Qianli will not change the taste of the capital. Song Huizong, a bad king who was good at calligraphy and painting in the Song Dynasty, was not short of imagination, so he ordered the plum tree in Fujian to be transplanted to Baohe Hall in Bianjing, and it could bear fruit after careful cultivation. So I personally picked new fruits, gave them to my favorite ministers, and sang poems and boasted. It is really cute and cute to the extreme (Lu You's Notes on the Old Learning Hall). As everyone knows, how many creatures "surprised the dust and sprinkled blood"! Until the Qing Dynasty, emperors still regarded litchi as a precious fruit as a reward for their favorite subjects. And the ministers who admonished Gong Li stood up from time to time. Fortunately, there are only a few people in Ghana, but they always stop, which is as difficult as prohibiting public funds from eating and drinking in this world.
Su Dongpo lives in Lingnan and loves the people. He lamented the disaster of Gong Li in the Han and Tang Dynasties, and denounced the ministers of the dynasty for "seeking novelty and buying, and ruining originality". He mercilessly criticized the court officials who were keen on tribute tea (chestnut bud) and peony (Yao Huanghua), exposed their ugly psychology of "fighting for new things and buying pets" and deeply sympathized with the people's sufferings. I can't help crying loudly: "I hope God has mercy on a child, and I don't want a stunner to be a sore", calling on God not to produce all kinds of lovely stunners and bring harm to the people; The common people only want good weather and abundant crops, but they are not hungry or cold. Dongpo angrily asked the courtiers who were "fighting for new things and buying pets": Is it these luxuries that my king lacks? It is despicable to satisfy the emperor's desire with things like eating and drinking. It is not only a criticism of the ugly purpose of the "flatterer", but also a warning to the emperor who is drunk. It should be noted that Su Dongpo was not an admonisher at this time, but an official. Show his concern for the country and people, as well as his integrity and courage to speak.
Su Dongpo's "Litchi Tan" is not so much a satirical poem as a political paper pointing directly at current political corruption and denouncing traitors for their new favorites, which makes courtiers feel on pins and needles and shudder. In a rage, they relegated Dongpo to Danzhou, which is already the "end of the earth" in China, and determined to kill Dongpo. After Dongpo, he was tortured to death and returned home.