a Song of Running-horse River in Farewell to General Feng of the Western Expedition
(Tang Dynasty) Cen Shenjun
I haven't seen a quick trip to the snowy seaside, and sand, up from the desert, flies yellow into heaven.
this Ninth-month night is blowing cold at Wheel Tower, and valleys, fill with the broken boulders like peck measures and that downward, headlong, follow the wind.
in spite of grey grasses, Tartar horses are plump, west of the Hill of Gold, smoke and dust gather and o General of the Chinese troops, start your campaign!.
keep your iron armour on all night long, send your soldiers forward with a clattering of weapons! and while the sharp wind's point cuts the face like a knife.
and snowy sweat steams on the horses' backs, freezing a pattern of five-flower coins and your challenge from camp, from an inkstand of ice.
has chilled the barbarian chieftain's heart, you will have no more need of an actual battle! and we await the news of victory, here at the western pass!.
Translation:
Haven't you seen it? The vast Zoumachuan is close to the edge of Xue Hai, and the boundless yellow sand connects the sky.
In September, the wind howled on the wheel platform all night, and the rubble everywhere was as big as a bucket, and the wind blew the bucket full of rocks.
At this time, the Huns' pasture was lush and their horses were fat, and they invaded the west of Jinshan, where smoke billowed, and the generals of the Han family led their troops to the west.
The general kept his armor on at night, and his spears collided with each other in the middle of the night, and the cold wind blew on his face like a knife.
The horse's hair was covered with snowflakes, and it was still sweating. The streaky horse's body suddenly turned into ice, and the ink written in the tent was frozen.
when the enemy heard that the army was going out, they should be frightened. It was expected that they wouldn't dare to meet us hand to hand.
Note:
(1) Zoumachuan: The car turned into a river, also known as Zuowei River, which is in Xinjiang today. Line: a genre of songs. Doctor Feng (dà fū): Feng Changqing, a general of the Tang Dynasty, was a member of the Zhou family in Puzhou. He was the deputy general of Anxi, the deputy ambassador of the four towns of Anxi, who knew how to save money, and later he was promoted to the deputy general of the Northern Court, where he was appointed as the general of Anxi. Western Expedition: Generally speaking, it is considered to be an expedition to sow immortals.
(2) Walking along the snowy seashore: one is "Walking along the sea". Xue Hai: Between the main peak of Tianshan Mountain and Lake Issyk.
(3) Luntai: the place name, which is in Miquan, Xinjiang today. Feng Changqing's military office is stationed here.
(4) Xiongnu: referring to the Daxi tribe. "The Biography of Feng Changqing in the New Tang Dynasty": "The Daxi tribes have broken leaves from the west of Montenegro, and they have fought back with imperial edicts."
(5) Jinshan: refers to the main peak of Tianshan Mountain.
[6] Han family: most poets in the Tang Dynasty were in the Han Dynasty and Tang Dynasty. General of the Han family: Feng Changqing, who was appointed as the envoy of Anxi and the guardian of the Northern Court at that time, and Cen Can served in his shogunate.
(7) The weapons collide with each other.
⑻ Wuhua: namely Wuhua Horse. Lianqian: a BMW name. Five flowers and even money: refers to the mottled coat color of horses.
⑼ Caoba (xí): Draft a proclamation against the enemy.
⑽ short soldier: refers to weapons such as swords.
⑾ Cheshi: Tingzhou, the capital of the Northern Tang Dynasty, is now the northeast of Urumqi, Xinjiang. Heng Tang retired as a "strategist". Queue: Jiu Li, wait for the solution here. Dedicate: Dedicate a poem to congratulate Jie.
Appreciation:
Cen Can's characteristic is that the meaning is strange and the language is strange, especially the frontier fortress works, and the strange spirit is beneficial. A Song of White Snow in Farewell to Field-Clerk Wu Going Home is strange and graceful, focusing on the beautiful scenery of the frontier fortress, giving people a sense of freshness and elegance; This poem is strange and strong, and the violent wind and sand and the heroic characters give people a sense of grandeur. When the poet was appointed as the judge of Northwest An Court, Feng Changqing sent troops to collect immortals, so he wrote this poem to see Feng off.
in order to show the patriotic spirit of the frontier guards, the poet used the technique of contrast to describe the dangers of the environment by grasping the scenery with border features, and tried to exaggerate and exaggerate the bad environment to highlight the character's fearless spirit. Metaphor, exaggeration and other artistic techniques are used in the poem, which is soul-stirring, vivid, enthusiastic and high-spirited.
First of all, focus on the word "wind" and describe the natural environment for the expedition. This expedition will pass through Zoumachuan, Xuehai and penetrate into the Gobi Desert. "and sand, up from the desert, flies yellow into heaven", this is a typical unique sandstorm scene. The wind is raging, the yellow sand is flying, the sky is covered, and it is misty and chaotic. There is no word "wind" in the first three sentences, but it captures the "color" of the wind, and the violence of the wind is vividly written. This is the scene during the day.
"this Ninth-month night is blowing cold at Wheel Tower, and valleys, fill with the broken boulders like peck measures, that downward, headlong, follow the wind." Writing about the wind changed from dark to bright, marching from day to night, and the "color" of the wind was out of sight, so it turned to writing about the wind. The wind is like a crazy beast, roaring and roaring. The word "roar" vividly shows that the wind is fierce and windy. Then write the wind by writing stones. The stone with a big bucket is actually rolled all over the ground by the wind, and then the word "chaos" is written, which shows the fury of the wind. In a few words, the sinister environment is vividly outlined when the sentence "flat sand is vast" is written in the sky and the sentence "stones go in disorder" is written in the ground.
It is written below that the Huns took advantage of the grass and Huang Ma fertilizer to launch an attack. The word "smoke flies" in "west of the Hill of Gold, smoke and dust gather" describes that the warning beacon smoke flies together with the dust rolled up by the Xiongnu fighters, which not only shows the momentum of the Xiongnu army, but also shows that Tang Jun has long been on guard. Next, the poem changed from creating the environment to writing people, and the hero of the poem-Tang Jun soldiers who marched against the wind and braved the cold appeared. The poet is very good at grasping the typical environment and details to describe the brave and invincible heroic spirit of Tang Jun soldiers. If the environment is night, "keep your iron armour on all night long", take off your armor at night, and write that the general shoulders the heavy responsibility and sets an example. "send your soldiers forward with a clattering of weapons!" writes about marching in the middle of the night. From the details of "Ge Xiang Dial", we can imagine that the night is dark, and the army is scurrying and the military capacity is strict. Write about the cold in the border area, not the hard ice of thousands of feet, but through a few details to describe it. "while the sharp wind's point cuts the face like a knife" echoes the description of the front wind; At the same time, it is also the truest feeling of marching in the desert.
"and snowy sweat steams on the horses' backs, freezing a pattern of five-flower coins." The horse galloped in the cold wind, and the transpiration sweat immediately condensed into ice on the horse hair. The poet grasped the condensed, melted, condensed sweat on the horse and described it in detail, which fully rendered the cold weather, the hardship of the environment and the tense atmosphere of the war. "your challenge from camp, from an inkstand of ice", when drafting a campaign in the military curtain, it was found that even the inkstone water was frozen. The poet skillfully grasped this detail, and his pen and ink vividly showed the fighting pride of the soldiers in fighting against the wind and snow. Such an army must be invincible. This leads to the last three sentences, expecting that the enemy will be frightened and wish to return home in triumph, and the writing is as natural as it comes naturally.
The whole poem is full of heroism, and the wind is surging. Because the poet has personal experience of frontier life, this poem can be "strange and reasonable", "strange and true" and truly moving.
The rhyme of the whole verse sentence, except the first two sentences, is changed from three sentences to one rhyme, which is rare in seven-character ancient poems. The whole poem has dense rhyme positions, frequent rhyme changes, rapid and powerful rhythm, flexible rhyme and vigorous tone, just like a March in music.
4. Creating the background: This poem was written in 754 AD (Tianbao 13th year of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty) or 755 AD (Tianbao 14th year), when Cen Can was the judge of the Northwest Court. During this period, Feng Changqing sent troops to fight several times. Cen Can had a deep understanding of the hardships and the joys of victory at that time, and wrote many poems to reflect it. This is a farewell poem written by Cen Can and Feng Changqing when they sent troops to the Western Expedition. It was written in the same period, for the same event and for the same object as a Song of Wheel Tower in Farewell to General Feng of the Western Expedition.
5. Author's introduction:
cén shēn (about 715-77), Han nationality, originally from Nanyang (now Xinye, Henan Province), moved to Jiangling (now Hubei Province), a famous frontier poet in the Tang Dynasty, and died at the age of 56. His poems are full of romantic characteristics, magnificent momentum, rich imagination, magnificent colors, passionate and unrestrained, especially good at seven-character songs. There are 43 existing poems, more than 7 frontier poems, another one named Feeling Old Fu, another one named Zhaobei Hakka, and two tomb inscriptions.