1. Brief introduction to the text.
Chinese folk houses have ancient and unique charm, are precious heritage of Chinese civilization, and reflect the wisdom and profound cultural heritage of the nation. This text is an explanatory text about local folk houses in my country, and introduces the distinctive Hakka houses and Dai bamboo houses.
Hakka houses
Hakka houses are architectural wonders in the mountainous areas of southern China. Its unique style has attracted many Chinese and foreign scholars, tourists and even American military experts.
The article first briefly introduces the characteristics, location and environment of Hakka dwellings, as well as its status among the world's dwellings: its style is "round house or earth building", and "embellished" indicates that it is located in a remote mountainous area , "Wonderful Folk Houses in the World" uses metaphors and comparisons to illustrate the status of Hakka folk houses among the world's folk houses. Then, the text introduces in detail the outstanding characteristics of Hakka houses: the camp-style houses and the reasons and functions of such construction. The author uses examples, data, and metaphors to vividly explain the characteristics of the building materials, appearance, and overall layout of the fortress-style residence. Then write about the arrangement of the circular houses according to the Bagua layout and their symbolic meaning. Finally, write about the internal structural characteristics of the round house and the folk cultural characteristics reflected in it.
Dai Bamboo House
Bamboo house is a special form of residence created by the Dai people according to local conditions. It has the advantages of economical building materials, warm in winter and cool in summer, moisture-proof, waterproof and earthquake-proof.
The first paragraph of the article briefly introduces the architectural environment of the Dai bamboo houses: the bamboo buildings are hidden among the rich green of the bamboo and oil palm forests. The second paragraph describes the traditional custom and reasons of the Dai people's "building many bamboo buildings and living near the water": the Dai people are located in the subtropical zone, and the bamboo buildings have the function of preventing extreme heat and moisture. The third section talks about the appearance characteristics of Dai villages and bamboo houses. The fourth paragraph talks about the characteristics of the bamboo building’s simple internal structure, spaciousness and uniqueness. The fifth paragraph describes the traditional customs and cultural connotations of the Dai people when they built bamboo houses. The custom of having the whole village help when one family builds a house reflects the national psychology and cultural tradition of the Dai people's unity, harmony and willingness to help others.
The language is concise and accurate, plain and simple yet vivid. These are the common features of the two short essays in the text. The author uses various explanation methods such as examples, numbers, comparisons, and analogies to explain the characteristics of Hakka folk houses and Dai bamboo houses in a popular, vivid, and accurate manner, which is highly informative, scientific, and interesting.
The purpose of selecting this text is, firstly, to let students understand the characteristics and folk customs of Hakka houses and Dai bamboo houses, and to stimulate interest in exploring folk culture; secondly, to understand the explanatory methods and language of the text expressive characteristics and learn to apply them to your own compositions.
2. Word analysis.
(1) Understanding of sentences.
① In the high mountains of southwestern Fujian and northeastern Guangdong, there are thousands of round houses or earthen buildings dotted there. These are Hakka houses known as "the most wonderful folk houses in the world".
This sentence uses metaphors and comparisons to briefly explain the status of the Hakka round house in the history of world architecture. Compared with the "world's folk houses", it is a special and rare flower. The word "embellished" is used very cleverly, indicating that the Hakkas live in sparsely populated remote mountainous areas, paving the way for the introduction of camp-style residences below.
② Most of them are three to six floors, with more than 100 to 200 houses arranged like orange petals, with a uniform layout and grandeur.
The author uses numbers and metaphors to vividly and vividly explain the appearance and overall layout characteristics of the round house. No wonder foreign friends couldn't help but exclaim when they saw the round houses from a distance - "flying saucers falling from the sky, mushrooms sprouting from the ground."
Bagua layout diagram ③ The circular houses surrounded by earth buildings are arranged according to the Bagua layout. There are firewalls between the hexagrams, which are neat and uniform.
Bagua is a set of symbols rich in symbolic meaning in ancient my country and one of the representatives of traditional Chinese culture. The round enclosed houses of Hakka folk houses are arranged according to the Bagua layout, which reflects the national psychology and cultural tradition of the Hakka ancestors advocating circles and looking forward to good luck, happiness and tranquility.
④ Dai people still maintain the habit of "building many bamboo buildings and living near the water".
The bamboo building is a traditional architectural form of the Dai people. This is because the living area of ??the Dai people is located in the subtropical zone, with high temperatures, abundant rain, and high air humidity. Bamboo buildings are good for preventing extreme heat and moisture. Therefore, the Dai Bamboo House is a special form of folk residence created by the ancestors of the Dai people according to local conditions, and it has been maintained to this day. Pong: close, close. "Many bamboo houses are built and people live near the water" can be understood to mean that because they live near the water, they mainly live in bamboo houses.
⑤ Various flowers, trees and fruit trees are planted in the fence, which can be said to be "the village is full of trees and the garden is full of flowers".
The Dai bamboo house was originally "hidden in the thick green bamboo forest." The Dai people also like to plant phoenix bamboo, betel nut, mango, and banana in the bamboo fences around the bamboo house, making the village more beautiful. It is full of poetic and picturesque scenery. It can truly be said that "the village is full of trees and the garden is full of flowers."
(2) Understanding of words.
Min: Another name for Fujian Province.
Guangdong: Another name for Guangdong Province.
Embellishment: To set off or decorate something to make the original thing more beautiful.
Qi Pa: Qi: rare, special, extraordinary; Pa: flower.
Camp: a military camp and surrounding walls.
Tamping: Ramming: a tool used to pound the solid foundation. This lesson refers to the Hakka people who laid solid foundations, built thick walls, and built fort-style earth buildings in the high mountains.
Harassment: Disturbance; making uneasy.
Erosion: gradual deterioration.
Advocate: respect, admire.
Storage: storage, accumulation; warehouse: warehouse, warehouse.
Bagua: a set of symbolic symbols in ancient my country. Use "--" to represent Yang and "--" to represent Yin. Three such symbols are used to form eight forms, which are called Bagua. Each hexagram represents a certain thing.
Extremely hot: describes very hot weather.
To live in harmony: harmoniously, harmoniously. Be kind to each other.
An Ran is well; An Ran is safe; Ji is sick. It originally means that a person is safe and free from illness. Now generally refers to things that have not been damaged.
2. Teaching objectives
1. Read and write down words such as "harassment, remoteness, charm, gentle breeze, harmonious coexistence, diligent and thrifty housekeeping, orderly, overwhelming, magnificent, unique and beautiful, swarming, safe and sound, high mountains and mountains".
2. Read the text silently, understand the distinctive characteristics of Hakka houses and Dai bamboo houses, and appreciate the rich cultural connotation of traditional Chinese houses.
3. Learn accurate explanations and vivid descriptions of texts, accumulate language, and understand expression methods.
3. Teaching suggestions
1. This is a skimming text. Before class, students can be assigned to collect text and picture materials about Chinese folk dwellings, so that students can have an understanding of relevant knowledge. Teachers can prepare some pictures or audio-visual materials according to the prompts in the after-school information bag. For example, cave dwellings in northern Shaanxi, courtyard houses in Beijing, watchtowers in Tibet, and stilted buildings in Chongqing.
2. According to the characteristics of the textbook arrangement and the high-level reading goal of the course standard, "read explanatory articles and understand the basic explanation methods of the articles", the teaching of this article can be carried out according to the following ideas:
(1) Read the text for the first time and read it correctly Read through and understand the content of the text. Guide students to read independently according to the prompts. You can use the methods of finding central sentences, key sentences and making outlines to clarify the order of explanations.
(2) Read the text again, draw and criticize, and understand the characteristics of folk houses. Give students enough time for self-reading and self-understanding, to have a serious dialogue with the text, sort out the characteristics of folk houses, and appreciate the cultural connotation. You can also form study groups for cooperative learning based on the selected content. For example, it is divided into Hakka enclosed house group and Dai bamboo house group. First read and discuss in groups, and then communicate and supplement each other.
(3) Study the text and understand the explanation method. Again guide students to read the text carefully, grasp the characteristics of folk houses, and think while reading: How does the text clearly introduce the characteristics of these folk houses? Let students find out the explanation methods used, read the discussion, and experience the effect of expression.
3. Combining reading and writing, learning and using. During the learning process, teachers should deepen students’ understanding of the characteristics of folk houses and their understanding of expression methods through timely and appropriate guidance, guidance, induction, and refinement. On this basis, students can be asked to introduce some additional information about residential buildings collected before class. Teachers can also show different types of pictures of residential buildings, audio and video materials, or give students some writing assignments to choose from. For example, write a commentary about Chongqing Diaojiaolou (or other local characteristic buildings) for the China Folk Residence Museum; introduce yourself in the tone of a certain type of folk residence. When students practice, the teacher should remind students to pay attention to using the expression methods they have learned.
4． When studying the last section of Hakka folk houses and the last section of Dai bamboo houses, attention should be paid to guiding students to rely on folk characteristics, understand the national psychological characteristics reflected thereby, and inherit the fine traditions of the Chinese nation.
5. To study this text, you can compare and read the two short texts: What are the similarities or differences in the expression methods of the two short texts? This can not only deepen your impression of the text, but also help you gain more understanding of expression methods.
4. Teaching Cases
Teaching Fragments
1. Perceive the text as a whole, and focus on a type of folk residence in groups
Teacher: my country’s Territory It is vast, with 56 ethnic groups, and the folk houses in many places have distinctive characteristics. What kind of houses does the text introduce to us? What are its characteristics? Ask the students to read the text silently and think about what they learned from it?
Student: I know that the text mainly introduces "Hakka dwellings" and "Dai bamboo houses".
Teacher: (Write on the blackboard: Hakka folk residences and Dai bamboo houses) Yes, the text mainly introduces us to the folk residences of the two ethnic groups, Hakka and Dai.
Sheng: I think the characteristics of "Hakka houses" and "Dai bamboo houses" are very distinct, and it is exactly as the title says - each has its own characteristics.
Teacher: This is our initial feeling after reading the text. Next we divided into groups to study. After reading the full text, each group will choose a type of folk house to read in depth. After reading, they will discuss and discuss: What are the characteristics of this kind of folk house? Then be prepared to report.
(Students read and discuss in groups, and prepare reports on division of labor.
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