Tao Yuanming, a great poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was born in Chaisang, Xunyang (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi), with a cheerful personality and disorderly private life. He is the first writer in the history of our country who loves chrysanthemums. The chrysanthemum he loves is called Jiuhua Chrysanthemum, with white petals, yellow heart, big flowers and delicate fragrance. This is recorded in Tao's poems. This variety can't be tested now. Although there is not a poem dedicated to chrysanthemum in his works, the world regards Tao Yuanming as the chrysanthemum god. For example, in his poem Guo Zhuben, there are four sentences about chrysanthemums:
Lin Yuexiang's chrysanthemum blooms, and the pine crown rocks travel.
With this beautiful appearance, it is outstanding for first frost.
"Chanting Chrysanthemum" in A Dream of Red Mansions: "After Ling Tao commented on the chapter, the eternal high wind said today." Tao refers to this poem. This poem has played a decisive role, so it can be passed down from generation to generation, making chrysanthemum a synonym for firmness and integrity, and inspiring people to be positive. Chrysanthemum has an educational effect on future generations because the virtue of Tao Yuanming, the chrysanthemum god, is touching.
Tao Yuanming is the great-grandson of Tao Kan. When he was appointed as Peng, he was sent to Du You for inspection. According to the official ceremony, the county magistrate will go to see him with a full crown. Two days before Du You arrived, Tao Yuanming knew. Tao said to his wife, "I have known Du You for a long time. He is a village man who specializes in bullying, flattering and having no knowledge. Can I pay five dou meters to bow down to such a person? " The next day, he stamped his official seal, took off his official uniform, left Pengze by boat with his wife, ended his career of 13 years, and returned to the countryside, singing "Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence and seeing Nanshan leisurely." "Autumn chrysanthemum is beautiful in color, which makes it more beautiful."
One day, a large group of people suddenly came to Tao Jia's house. It turned out that Tan Daoji, the newly appointed secretariat of Jiangzhou, came to visit Tao Yuanming. Tao is over 60 years old, chronically malnourished, overworked and ill in bed. Tan said to Tao, "Mr. Wang is a famous poet in Jiangzhou. I didn't expect it to be so embarrassing. This is because Jiangzhou's parents failed to care. I am really embarrassed. " Tao Yuanming smiled and said, "Jiangzhou people. How many can live a good life? " Tan Daoji ignored it and continued: "I heard that when times are bad, virtuous people live in seclusion. Now that the emperor is wise, the court has asked you to be a writer three times. Why do you have to live a hard life here! " Tao said, "As the ancients said, I don't care about poverty or wealth. I just stick to the teachings of the ancients. " After talking for a long time, knowing that Tao would never come out of the mountain again, he ordered his entourage to get wine and bacon. "Just a little something, please stay." Tao Jian, please take it back. Tan choked back his anger and said, "Since my husband is completely honest, I won't be forced. Go! " This year, Tao Yuanming was finally poor and sick, at the age of 63. His works include The Collection of Tao Yuanming, more than 20 existing poems/kloc-0, and his prose "The Peach Blossom Garden", which marks a new height of his ideological development.
Liu Qiyuan, an expert on chrysanthemum art in Beijing School, loves Tao Yuanming because of his love for chrysanthemums, calling him a great chrysanthemum-loving poet in the history of China literature. Because there are no works dedicated to chrysanthemums in Tao's poems, I will write five poems casually and copy them down as follows:
( 1)
Autumn chrysanthemum has a good color, but peaches and plums have different branches. How long can you be gorgeous in it?
I only love this frost hero, who is single-minded and beautiful, so all my old friends are in the pot, enjoying themselves and talking about poetry.
(2)
Several chrysanthemums in my life have changed their colors again. The armor is made of old gold, and the west wind is fierce.
Crowds compete for the beauty of spring, and the evening festival is a temple. It should be enviable to forget what you said.
(3)
Under the hedge of chrysanthemum picking, the morning light is still faint. Frost brushed my hat and dew stained my clothes.
Cold English baldness, losers fly. Common sense in ups and downs, forgetting opportunities.
(4)
Fang Ju opened in Lin Yao, and the news spread to Leng Xiang. He is tireless and sometimes busy planting flowers.
Not only for appreciation, but also for food. Food can prolong life, and wine must be used up.
(5)
Chrysanthemum is an old medicine for aging. Flowers and leaves are attached to the branches without falling.
Although my life is limited, I have been entrusted with it for a long time. No wine is empty, leisure is also fun.