Among them, his self-confidence and promising can be reflected in his handling of Wei Zhongxian.
"God understands luck" is Xia, a famous Songjiang scholar in the late Ming Dynasty's evaluation of Sizong's handling of this matter. Later historians, such as Tan Qian and others, also admired the firmness and courage of the four cases in this matter. However, his political talent is like a flash in the pan. When he inherited his elder brother's throne, he was able to quickly enter the role, successfully eliminate all influences, and quietly get rid of Wei Zhongxian, who was in power and in power, which was the most beautiful thing in the four cases.
However, his bigotry and stubbornness were also revealed in his treatment of Yuan Chonghuan.
Four cases of single-handedly removing Wei Zhongxian obviously made him overestimate his political talents. In this way, his confidence gradually became conceited, and then he became headstrong. Therefore, on the one hand, he became one of the most diligent emperors in the Ming Dynasty; On the other hand, he did everything himself but didn't get good results. As he himself said, although he is not the king of national subjugation, everything is a symbol of national subjugation. Among them, manslaughter of Yuan Chonghuan is even more stupid.
Yuan Chonghuan's ancestral home is Dongguan, Guangdong. As a southerner, four cases called him "Man Zi" privately. Yuan Chonghuan's talent is embodied in the military. Even before being killed, the four cases still thought that it was necessary to defend Liao. Yuan Chonghuan's "no love for money, no fear of death" decided that he was bound to be popular with the soldiers, and his army became the most effective army in the late Ming Dynasty. Chongzhen acceded to the throne, appointed Yuan Chonghuan Du Shijiliao and overseer Deng Laijin's military affairs, so Liaodong's defense was entrusted to Yuan Chonghuan, and the trust was evident. But only three years later, Yuan Chonghuan was executed by Ling Chi in the western city of Beijing, and then spread to the public. Historians have many explanations for Yuan Chonghuan's death, such as the boasting of "five-year anti-Liao", Mao's death, the sequela of party struggle and the intrigue of Huang Taiji, which are all important reasons for Yuan Chonghuan's death. But in the end, it was four decisions that killed Yuan Chonghuan. Just three years ago, compared with three years ago, the command summoned, the monarch and the minister faced each other, and the sword was given to the party. This is a different world. The change can really explain that Chongzhen's attitude towards Yuan Chonghuan changed from trust to doubt.
Actually, Huang Taiji's double spy is very simple. It is nothing more than imitating the story of Zhou Yu using Jiang Gan to steal books in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, so that Yang, the eunuch who came to be captured, overheard the conversation of "a slight conspiracy" and then let Yang escape. A discerning person can understand with a little thought. But this happened at a sensitive moment when the late Jin army approached the capital. When Yang returned to the palace to report to four cases, Yuan Chonghuan was in trouble. In the third year of Chongzhen (1630), on March 16, Emperor Chongzhen ordered Yuan Chong to be executed, and his wife and brother were exiled to Fujian. Yuan Chongchuan in Ming Dynasty said: "Chonghuan has no children, and the family has no surplus property. The world is wronged. " Yuan Chonghuan's death, Liaodong war and no one can pick up. Therefore, after the peasant uprising in Chongzhen for three years grew obviously, the Ming Dynasty was caught in a double dilemma of internal and external troubles. However, four cases never seem to learn from their mistakes. Later, he ordered Sun Chuanting to kill He, a fellow countryman of Li Zicheng, in the 15th year of Chongzhen (1642), who was a brave general to suppress the peasant uprising. It is said that after He Longren was killed, the peasant uprising army raised a glass and said, "It's like picking up mustard to congratulate the madman on his death!" It can be seen that the paranoia and murder of the four cases are really destroying the Great Wall! !
And his dryness and harshness are obviously manifested in his strict control.
Mencius said, emperor and teacher, monarch and friend, country and service. In other words, a dying monarch always treats his subjects as slaves. Four cases are such people. Four cases were harsh and mean to ministers beyond people's imagination. As an emperor who is strict with himself and eager for success, he always hopes to change his long-accumulated bad habits in the shortest time. In the recitation of Four Cases, Shaanxi Zongsi criticized four cases of "being accustomed to respecting others without knowing it" and "being increasingly critical without knowing it". Under an overly demanding emperor, it is difficult to have a minister who dares to take responsibility. Historians in later generations often lamented that Chongzhen Dynasty was "the king without ministers". In fact, Chongzhen Dynasty killed the most ministers. Who dares to do something in a dynasty that is constantly changing and killing ministers?
The stricter the emperor's supervision, the less dare the liegeman take responsibility; The more diligent the emperor is, the more furtive his lieutenants are. Liu, a scholar at the end of Ming Dynasty, said in Criticizing the Four Memorials: "It is inevitable to be utilitarian to be eager to seek governance; The utilitarian mind is endless and turns into a criminal name; The name of punishment is endless, and it is a suspicion; There is endless suspicion and concealment. " In this way, the political situation of Chongzhen Dynasty went on in a vicious circle, and four cases were finally alienated from others. Hongzhi (Emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty) Hongzhi was the title of Zhu Youtang, the ninth emperor of Ming Dynasty in China. Comparing 1488 to 1505, Zhu Youtang, the third son of Emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty, was born in the eighteenth year of * * *. Liu Chenghua (1470) was born on July 3rd. In the eleventh year (1475), he became the crown prince on November 8, and in the twenty-third year (1487), he became emperor on September 6, and the following year he changed his name to Yuan Hongzhi. In the 18th year of Hongzhi (1505), he died in Ganqing Palace on May 7th, at the age of 36, and was honored as "the most sincere and upright Ming Dow saint SHEN WOO, the most merciful emperor". Tailing was buried on1October19th. Filial piety was the only virtuous monarch who made great efforts in the middle of Ming Dynasty. After he ascended the throne, he first laid off eunuchs and unfortunate ministers, and eunuchs, Wan Fei and their henchmen were all punished. Destroyed more than 2000 missionaries; Send more than 240 people, including Zen masters and real people; Buddhists, Buddhists and other 780 people were recovered and repatriated. He also adjusted the cabinet team and removed the cabinet ministers who were ignorant and attached to power, such as Wan 'an and Yin Zhi. During the reign of Xiaozong, he was diligent in political affairs and selected good ministers. At that time, Liu Jian, Li Dongyang, Wang Shu and He Lun were all loyal ministers and played a great role in Hongzhi. Filial piety often calls cabinet ministers to Wenhua Hall, so that everyone can discuss the minister's chapter, write a batch of words, and then correct and issue them themselves. Therefore, Li Dongyang, the cabinet minister, said happily, "For more than 30 years since Tianshun, the emperor summoned his ministers and asked them only a word or two. Now he has repeatedly asked questions and discussed them in detail, which is unprecedented! " In the thirteenth year of Hongzhi (1500), Liu Jian, a university student, said that it was already dark the day after the evening pilgrimage, and the documents sent from all over the country were often accumulated in cabinets, so it was too late to deal with them. If there are disasters in all directions, alarms in all directions, and other things, there will be delays. Therefore, Xiaozong specially convened relevant ministers to discuss on the platform twice every day, except in the morning and evening. Since then, there has been a new way of "platform summons". Filial piety is generous and peaceful to the liegeman. Filial piety in the early generation was related to Fengtianmen, and the minister said that it should be played from the left and right corridors. Some ministers slipped on the ground and lost their manners. Filial piety never asks questions, nor does he correct mistakes in his notes. After the banquet, he also comforted the officials for their mistakes, lest they panic. One winter, Xiaozong was sitting in the palace at night, feeling cold, and asked the officials around him: Are there any officials on their way home now? Left and right answers: Yes. He added, "It's cold and dark here. What can you do if you are a poor official and come home without a light? " Then the imperial edict issued, ordering officials in Beijing to come back at night in the future, regardless of their positions, to order the troops to spread out and carry lights. Although these things are not big, it is not easy for a feudal emperor to be so obedient. Filial piety can also be frugal in life. In the first year of Hongzhi (1488), Lu, North Korea's envoy to the Ming Dynasty, once said to korean king, "The first emperor (Xianzong) used his personal meaning, but now the emperor (Xiaozong) has made a righteous annotation. They don't like playing with things. Although Melissa Zhou did not abolish the court meeting, all the ministers nearby wore mourning clothes (mourning period), but they sacrificed to heaven in yellow robes, and did not play music or set up acrobatics when waiting for the banquet. They suggest putting flowers on the bed instead of hairpins. Generally speaking, the first emperor abused everything. " Xianzong liked to wear fine red cloth clothes made by Songjiang Prefecture before his death, and sent thousands more horses there every year. Although this kind of fabric is called cloth, it is actually made of fine wool. Xiaozong was still a prince at that time, and the chamberlain gave him newly cut clothes. He said: the clothes sewn with this cloth are worth several brocade forging clothes. It's a waste to wear it. Thank you for not using it. When he became emperor, he ordered to stop weaving this kind of cloth for the palace. Due to filial piety, the phenomenon of eunuchs' disorderly administration was weakened, and some measures were taken to develop the economy, save the crisis and ease social contradictions, which led to a relatively stable period, which was called "Hongzhi Zhongxing" in history.