Du Fu’s poems are really related to Li Bai. There are 5 or 6 poems in "Three Hundred Tang Poems" alone. There are about 10 poems in "Collection of Du Fu's Poems", such as "Gift to Li Bai", "Recalling Li Bai in Spring", "Dream of Li Bai", "Giving Li Bai at the End of the Day" and so on. But Li Bai wrote to Du Fu. After searching through the "Li Bai Collection", I only found three poems, namely "A Play to Du Fu", "To Du Fu at the Sand Dune City", and "To Du Fu at the East Stone Gate of Lu County". From this we can also imagine the relationship between the two great men. The two not only had poetry exchanges, but also spent a good time together. Li Bai and Du Fu met when Li Bai was released into the mountains because he offended the powerful. They met in Luoyang, and then traveled to Liang and Song Dynasties with Gao Shi. Du Fu described the situation at that time in his poem: "Yu Yidong was a guest, and pitied you like a brother. He slept drunkenly in autumn and walked hand in hand with the sun." The two hit it off instantly. Li Bai was already a famous poet at that time, while Du Fu was still unknown. Li Bai and Du Fu, who have aloof personalities, should be very close to each other. Later, the two went their separate ways, but sent poems to each other. Du Fu's poems are full of admiration for Li Bai, and he has a very favorable evaluation of Li Bai's style. For example, "Recalling Li Bai in Spring": Bai Ye's poems are incomparable, and his thoughts are unparalleled.
The fresh Yu opened his mansion, and the handsome Bao joined the army.
Spring trees in Weibei, dusk clouds in Jiangdong.
On what day a bottle of wine, important and detailed essays.
It is a pity that we did not see his evaluation of Du Shi in Li Bai's poems. Perhaps it was because Du Fu's poems were not well-known at that time. From "A Letter to Du Fu from the Sand Dune City", we only see that Li Bai regards Du Fu as a thoughtful friend: How about I come to compete and lie high in the sand dune city.
There are ancient trees beside the city, and the sound of autumn continues day and night.
If you don’t get drunk with Lu wine, your love will return in vain.
Thinking of you as if you were on the water, sending you a mighty expedition to the south.
Li Bai's poem "A Play Presented to Du Fu" also sneered at Du Fu's poems and chanted bitterly, such as:
I met Du Fu on the top of a mountain, wearing a hat on his head at dawn.
I would like to ask you not to be a too thin student. I always suffer from writing poems in the past.
In Du Fu's poems, he also expressed his opinion about Li Bai's outstanding poetic talent, but he was rejected and frustrated. For example, there are poems in "Dream of Li Bai": "The capital is covered with crowns, but this person is haggard." "Long live the fame, the lonely things behind you." However, this is not his own situation in the future, and it can even be said that the last two lines of the poem have a profound impact on him. More suitable. Because Li Bai was well-known in Chang'an for his poems before his death, and because of the recommendations of He Zhizhang and Wu Jun, he was highly used by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and provided salary to the Imperial Academy. When Du Fu was pregnant, he did not have the glory of Li Bai. He only served as a low-grade official like Zuo Shiyi. Du Fu's life experience is very similar to Li Bai's. When they were young, both of them were sensitive and studious, and read a lot of poetry and books. When he was young and middle-aged, he traveled around various places. It can be said that I have read thousands of books, traveled thousands of miles, and accumulated the knowledge and insights to become a talent. Both of them started working as officials when they were in their forties. They were also expelled because they were not good at officialdom and could not behave tactfully, so they lived a wandering life. Mr. Fan Wenlan believed that both Li Bai and Du Fu were politically naive. Li Bai's naivety lies in his arrogance and self-importance, thinking that gods are descended from the earth. Du Fu's naivety lies in his mind being filled with Confucian classics and doing everything according to etiquette. Both of them were unaccustomed to social injustice and criticized it with poetry. During the three years that Li Bai served as an official in the capital, he not only wrote a set of "Ancient Style" poems that ridiculed the powerful with arrogance and rudeness, but also teased the powerful Gao Lishi and humiliated him by asking him to take off his shoes in public. What's more, he accused the Tang Dynasty of being: "Purchasing pearls and jade makes us laugh, while chaff nourishes talents." (No. 15 of "Ancient Style"). He was bold enough to point his finger at the supreme ruler Tang Minghuang: "Poor Feiyan relies on her new clothes" ("Qing Ping Tiao"), insinuating that the emperor favored Yang Yuhuan. When Du Fu was in Zuo Shiyi, he didn't care about his own promotion. He tried his best to defend Fang Guan and angered Tang Suzong and was dismissed... Therefore, neither of them rose up in the officialdom, and they were driven away like water and fire. In the face of adversity, Du Fu's life became even more difficult. Li Bai's poem could not see the suffering of Du Fu in "The Thatched House Broken by the Autumn Wind". Li Bai's life was much more affluent, and he had "five-flowered horses and a thousand-gold fur, calling his children to exchange for fine wines, and sharing the eternal sorrow with you" ("Jianjin Wine"). In Du Fu's life, he often said: "Hungry is about to start for ten days, and my clothes are hanging in hundreds of knots." ("Contribution to Scholars from Xianhua and Two Counties"). There is another saying: "I am afraid that I will be shy in my pocket, but I will leave a penny to see" ("Empty Pocket"). When Du Fu was at his most impoverished when escaping from the Anlu Mountain Rebellion, he wrote a poem: "Seeing the emperor in hemp shoes, two elbows are exposed from the sleeves" ("Shuhuai"). This is also the reason why Du Fu described the sufferings of the people more than Li Bai, and his poems are respected as "the history of poetry".
Du Fu summed up Li Bai's success in his poem "The end of the world is pregnant with Li Bai" and said that "articles hate destiny", which means that people whose fate is too smooth cannot write good articles. Li Bai became a great poet because of his unruly destiny and many ups and downs in his life. Du Fu's knowledge was very high. In fact, it was so true that he later became the only poet comparable to Li Bai. Li Bai and Du Fu had the same life experience, and their great success in poetry was due to the same external and internal factors - they were both politically unsuccessful and their personalities were out of date. Bai Juyi, the third great poet in the Tang Dynasty, also thought so. In his poem "Reading Li Du's Poetry Collection Due to the Inscription of the Volume", he said:
Hanlin Jiangzuo day, Yuanwai Jiannan time.
Not being able to hold a high official position, he still encountered hardships and was separated from others.
In his later years, he was hated by Pucheng, and saddened by being banished to immortals in the floating world.
The chant has been passed down through the ages, and its reputation has moved all the barbarians.
The friendship between Li Bai and Du Fu is due to the fact that their rough lives and wandering lives gave them a different language. They expressed their longing for each other by sending poems to each other. In Du Fu's poems, Du Fu expresses his concern for Li Bai's food, clothing, housing and transportation, and Li Bai's poems to Du Fu also give many vivid images that metaphor their friendship.
Their friendship seems to outsiders to be How beautiful, simple and sincere.
But I think that in modern society, friendship cannot be like this.
Everyone is an independent individual. People come into this world alone, and they leave this world alone. In a person's life, no matter how much he or she achieves or how many close friends he or she makes, they are not born with a certain destiny; no matter how deep the relationship is, they will not stay with you. Go. In other words, no one can completely own another person. And the so-called friendship relationship is actually very ambiguous. Although both parties have no responsibility for both parties, they require both parties to give the most love. For example, A When the other party is frustrated, he asks the other party for comfort, and vice versa. This bottomless dependence will gradually twist into a constraint that controls the freedom of the other party's life.
Just like Li Bai and Du Fu, their feelings are too much. Relying on the other party to make up for your own shortcomings will cause you to be extremely depressed and idle all day long when the other party is not around. From the perspective of modern society, this is a mental illness.
And if this continues to develop, "Friendship", if one day the other party has other playmates, the other party is likely to turn his desire to have someone into jealous anger. Because in terms of friendship between the two, everyone hopes to get more than Give more