Poems of Eight Fools is a set of poems written by Liu Zongyuan after he was relegated to Yongzhou. Eight stupid poems have been lost.
Generally speaking, there are two kinds of preface, one is the preface of the book, the other is the other. Book preface is generally used to state the author's main idea, mostly at the beginning of the article. Farewell is generally used to bid farewell to friends. The Preface to Yuxi Poems is the preface of this book, and it is Liu Zongyuan who stated the theme of his writing Eight Stupid Poems.
Yuxi was originally named Ran Xi. Why Ran Xi? Some people say that there once lived a man named Ran, named after his surname. Others say that streams can be dyed, so they are called dyed streams. In short, whether it is called Ran Xi or Ran Xi, there is a reason. So, why change the name of the stream? As the saying goes, "those who live in the soil are still _ _ natural, and they can't help but have more." This means that local people argue endlessly whether it is Ran Xi or Yan Xi, so they must change it. But why change it to Yuxi? Because "a fool who touches a sin is embarrassed on the water." Love is a stream. When you enter the second or third mile, you will get the best. In ancient times, there was the Gong Yu Valley. Today, it is a stream at home, and the name can't be decided. It is called Yuxi. "
"The crime of touching stupidity" means that I have committed a crime, because being confused has violated the criminal law. "Falling into the water" means being relegated to a small land. "Those who benefit from it" is to find a place with excellent scenery and settle down. The word "home" here is a verb, which means to settle down and stay. "Gong Yugu" is in the west of Linzi, Shandong Province. "Today's home is a stream, whose name is uncertain" and "hence the name Yuxi", which means that I live in this stream now, and I don't know what to call it. In view of the ancient Gong Yu Valley, I changed the name of this stream to Yuxi.
In fact, Yu Gong is not stupid, so he calls himself Yu Gong, which is just a protest against dark politics. Similarly, renaming Xixi as Yuxi is also a protest against dark politics. Not only that, "making a fool of yourself" is a protest against dark politics. "Guilty with a fool" is a kind of irony in itself! The implication is that smart people will not do such stupid things as so-called crimes. It is not only related to his wife and children, but also to the place where he lives. How unfair it is! Isn't this a protest against dark politics?
What's more, even the hill "above Yuxi", the spring 60 steps northeast of the hill, the ditch where the springs meet and bend to the south, the pool whose pass is blocked by negative soil and stones, the hall in the east of the pool, the pavilion in the south of the pool, and the islands in the pool are all named after the word foolish, and they are also called foolish mountain, foolish spring, foolish ditch and foolish pool. Why is this? It's all "for the old, salty and stupid." This is even more unfair, and naturally it is also a protest against dark politics!
"Confluence bends to the south" means that the springs come together and meander to the south. "Good trees and rocks are interlaced" means that good trees and rocks are displayed alternately.
Water has nothing to do with stupidity. Now, it is a shame for a fool to be alone in a stream. Is this allowed? What is said is a truth, "The cover is too poor, and no irrigation is allowed." It's steep and rocky, so big ships can't get in. It's shallow and narrow, and dragons despise it. It can't make rain, which is not good for the world. Suitable for paying, but humiliating and stupid. "
"Its flow is very low" means that the water level of the stream is too low. Urgent means that the water is in a hurry; Rock refers to beach stone. Deep and shallow refers to deep valleys and shallow and narrow streams; The dragon disdains to live. Xiaolong is an animal in ancient legends. People say it can cause trouble and cause floods. "It's not good for the world, but it's suitable for giving, but it's ok to insult fools." These words mean that there is nothing beneficial to the world, but just like me, it is ok to humiliate it with stupid titles. But associating a fool with me is an anger and injustice in itself, so it is naturally an anger and injustice to say that the stream is "suitable for giving" and humiliate the stream with the title of fool.
The stream is innocent, and we should humiliate it with stupid titles just because "giving home is a stream". And "I" also "touch the sin with stupidity." So, what kind of fool am I? From this, we turn to the type and essence of writing fools.
There are three kinds of fools, one is like Ning Wuzi, "A country is stupid if it has no way"; One, like Yan Hui, "Never be disobedient like a fool". Ning Wuzi is a "wise fool" and Yan Hui is a "wise fool". So they "must not be really stupid"-they are not really stupid.
Ning Wuzi, a patriot in the Spring and Autumn Period, was surnamed Ning Mingyu and posthumous title Wu. "The Analects of Confucius Gongye Chang" said: Ning Wuzi was very clever during the Qing Dynasty; When the country was dark, he played dumb. His cleverness can be achieved by others, but his stupidity cannot be achieved by others. Yan Hui, Zi Ziyuan, is a loyal disciple of Confucius. The Analects of Confucius recorded that Confucius said: I gave lectures to Yan Hui all day, and he never expressed different opinions, which seemed stupid. But I examined his private words and deeds and found that he could give full play to what I taught him, so Yan Hui was not stupid.
Like Ning Wuzi and Yan Hui, they are certainly not stupid. Actually, why not be stupid? It should be said that they are all smart people. "Wisdom", wisdom; "Rui", visit. "Wisdom" and "Rui" both mean cleverness. "Even a wise man worries a lot, there will be a loss" means being smart and playing dumb; "To be a keen-witted fool" means to be deaf and dumb. So, Ning Wuzi and Yan Hui are not really stupid. The stupidity of "I" is completely different: "Today, being given a proper way is contrary to reason and things, so anyone is a fool, except me." This is the real fool!
"Tao" means that the emperor is wise; "On the right path" is to meet the wise son of heaven; "Violating rationality" means violating rationality; "Inconsistency" is a fallacy. This is all innovation in Yongzhen.
In 805 AD, it was the year of Yongzhenyuan in Tang Shunzong. Wang, Wang, Liu Zongyuan and others entered the state affairs, carried out the political innovation movement, pointed the finger at the noble family, the buffer region and the eunuch, and did something beneficial to the people. Due to subjective and objective reasons, the movement lasted only 146 days, and was suppressed by eunuchs in collusion with rich aristocratic families. As a result, Shunzong Li Yong was forced to give way to Prince Li of Xianzong in the spring. After Chun Li came to power, he killed the king and forced him to die, so Liu Zongyuan was demoted to Yongzhou to be a Sima. The so-called "right path" is to meet the son of heaven like Xianzong. Is a son of heaven like Xian Zong wise? Obviously, it is purely ironic to say that such a son of heaven is wise! Therefore, the so-called "violation of reason" and "contradiction between things" are satire. "If a husband is a husband, you can't fight for the first-class in the world, but you can name it." In this way, no one in the world can compete with me for this stream anymore. Only I own it and name it Yuxi. This is even more outrageous!
After Liu Zongyuan was demoted to Yongzhou, the court stipulated that he could not move for life. In other words, Liu Zongyuan can only die of old age in the relegated house. This is naturally the heaviest blow to Liu Zongyuan. Faced with this heavy blow, Liu Zongyuan could not vent the resentment accumulated in his heart, so he had to send his feelings to the mountains and rivers to escape from the world and anesthetize himself. This is why he wrote the fifth paragraph.
"Being good at learning from others" means being able to learn from others; "Beautiful" means clean and bright, beautiful and clear; "Clip stone" is the sonorous sound of underwater sound, with a stone-like sound; "Washing everything" means washing everything in the world; "Cages in various states" means including various forms; "HarmonyOS system" refers to the chaotic state before the formation of the universe; "Super HarmonyOS system" means birth; "Yi Xi" refers to an imperceptible and empty state of silence; "Mixing foreigners" means mixing nature, regardless of things and me; "Loneliness" is loneliness; "I know Mo" means that no one knows me.
This passage is still an expression of anger and grievance.
At the beginning of this paragraph, the first sentence says that "flowing is not beneficial to the world", and the mood is a little low. However, as soon as the pen is turned, the color of feelings is completely different: the stream can reflect everything, clean and bright, beautiful and clear, sonorous and powerful, and its voice is like a stone. What a quiet, leisurely, beautiful and harmonious world it is! Comparing such a world with the dark politics in real life, isn't it obvious which is dirty and which is bright? Can such a world only make ignorant people smile and yearn for it? If so, what kind of world do those smart people miss? Really between the lines, thought-provoking!
Then, with another pen, I began to express my thoughts. The implication of "giving well" is that I am excluded from the world. After being excluded, although cold and lonely, there is a pen that can wash everything in the world, including various forms, accompany and comfort yourself. In this boundless nature, isn't it better to return to nature and enjoy yourself than to live in that dark and dirty world? Clean and lonely, no one can understand me. This is not to promote the idea of being born without struggle, but to express the cynical injustice in my heart!
The whole preface of Yu Xi's Poems is to write a word "stupid". From "touching a crime with a fool" to "singing a fool with a fool's words", it fully expressed the cynicism of an upright scholar-bureaucrat who suffered a heavy blow, and at the same time strongly accused the dark rule of feudal society.
"Preface to Yuxi Poetry" focuses on lyricism, and the article takes stupidity as a clue to integrate its own stupidity with the stupidity of Xishui. Obviously, it is a place with excellent scenery, but "giving home is a stream", because I live by this stream and can't help but impose stupid words on it. Obviously, it is "beautiful trees and different stones are misplaced, and the mountains and rivers are all strange." Because of me, I can't help but impose that stupid word on hills, springs, ditches, ponds, halls, pavilions and islands. In this way, the author combines his stupidity with the stupidity of streams, hills, springs, ditches, ponds, halls, pavilions and islands. From the humiliation of streams, hills, springs, ditches, ponds, halls, pavilions and islands, we can naturally think of the humiliation suffered by the author. Streams, hills, springs, ditches, ponds, halls, pavilions and islands all seem to be bosom friends of the author's sufferings, and strange rocks and trees have become symbols of the author Geng Jie's character. The article is fresh and beautiful. The first two paragraphs are basically narratives, in which feelings are expressed, and the last three paragraphs are mainly discussions, in which feelings are expressed. The language is concise and vivid, and the structure is rigorous and appropriate, which is worthy of being handed down from generation to generation.