There is a kind of poem. Every poem uses similar nouns to express the same meaning, and all four sentences have the same meaning. What poem is this?

It's called Julian Poetry. Also known as thimble poem. Use the suffix of the previous sentence or the previous couplet as the beginning of the latter sentence or the latter couplet, so that the two sentences echo from beginning to end. What you are talking about is a form of couplets, that is, every sentence is reciting the same thing, and words appear repeatedly in the sentence. For example:

Matsumoto [Yuan] Akimoto

There is a moon in the sky, but the moon is full of fun. Pine gives birth to gold powder and moon gives birth to dragon ball and moon gives birth to pine.

According to the moon, the sky is loose and the moon is in the sky. The old monk smiled and pointed out that the moon is loose. What's wrong?

This poem is from the Ming edition of the Yuan Dynasty's Jade Cong Kao. This poem about the moon is another form of couplets, that is, every sentence is reciting the same thing, and some words appear repeatedly in the sentence instead of continuously.