Li shangyin
Background introduction:
In the second year of Huichang in Tang Wuzong (AD 842), Li Shangyin, 3 1 year-old, went to Beijing again to participate in the selection of government posts, passed the exam with "excellent" and was awarded the secretary provincial orthography. This is an unexpected surprise of Li Shangyin's bumpy career for many years. Li Deyu, who was in power at that time, was ambitious and hoped to rebuild the confidence of the Tang Dynasty by fighting against the invasion of Uighurs. Li Shangyin greatly appreciated Li Deyu's ability to govern the country. In his view, this is a good opportunity to start his political ambitions. Unfortunately, Li Shangyin's mother passed away this winter. According to the practice at that time, any official's parents died, and he had to leave his post for three years immediately. During this period, Li Shangyin handled some family affairs, including moving graves for several deceased relatives. He wrote eulogies for them respectively. One of them is Li Shangyin's little niece who died young. In the history of China's prose, A Letter to My Little Niece also has its own noteworthy points. It is a masterpiece of Li Shangyin, a master of parallel prose in the late Tang Dynasty. The three characteristics of parallel prose are duality, Ye Yun and allusion.
Text:
On the 25th day of the first month, my uncle sent him fruit and toys to the big bed. Alas! I was born for four years before I went back to my mother's house. The election has been over for several months. Yu Yu is not deep, but he is sad! Why did you come and why did you go? When I was a child, who would judge the position of life and death? I went to Beijing, moved to Guanzhong, and there were endless accidents. Time passed and I spent five years. The white grass withered and the road was deserted. Who is hungry? Who is thirsty at night? Your habitat, I am guilty! Today I'm the second sister, and I'm going to be buried for a while. Then I moved to Erling and returned to the first field. Plain divination, stone calligraphy. Knowing courtesy, how can you be grateful! After my death, I have several nephews, including bamboo and jade rings and embroidery. Under the steps in front of the hall, the sun is downwind, and there are medicines all around. I am sincere and don't know what to do. Anyway, I don't want to get married, but I haven't done it yet. Children's righteousness is more important than others'. Miss fondle, five emotions empty heat.
Oh! Xingshui, the side of Tanshan. You are Zeng Naizu, you are pine nuts; Aunt and aunt, grave and grave meet. Don't be afraid if you come and go here. Colorful clothes and sweet food. You're here to accept this, no more, no less. Your uncle offered milk, and your father cried for you. Do you know that?/You know what?
Appreciate:
Look at Li Shangyin's beautiful family world.
Wei Zhouping
The sad and beautiful style can be said to be the greatest feature of Li Shangyin's literary works. Liu Xizai's evaluation of "Li Fannan's deep affection" in "Introduction to Art" is extremely appropriate. Besides many of his love poems, some of his essays have the same characteristics and charm. Send a letter to my little niece is the representative. Perhaps because of the style of "In Memory of My Little Niece", Li Shangyin's sentimental characteristics are more fully displayed.
The author thinks that a letter to my little niece has two outstanding features. First, this is a eulogy written by the elder for the younger generation (and it is a 4-year-old girl who is still ignorant), which is relatively rare. Secondly, this is Li Shangyin's interpretation of more humanized affection beyond his unique view of love.
Mailing is the daughter of Li Shangyin's younger brother. Due to social unrest and family changes, mail was put into foster care at a very young age. A few years later, the society and family settled down and took her back to the Li family. At this time, Li Shangyin's first wife has been dead for many years, and she has no children and daughters. So Li Shangyin took this lively and lovely little niece as his own. Among his nephews, he prefers this poor little girl who has left home since childhood and seldom enjoys the warmth of her family. Since taking up his post, Li Shangyin has lived with his nephews every day and watched them play. His heart is full of incomparable warmth and happiness. Unexpectedly, just a few months later, the email died unexpectedly. This is undoubtedly a huge spiritual blow to Li Shangyin.
When he died, Li Shangyin was ordered to be transferred to the capital Chang 'an, waiting for the appointment of a new position. His family is also moving to Guanzhong, and the bones sent have to stay in place. Five years later, Li Shangyin moved the bones he sent to his ancestral grave. This letter to my little niece was written when she was moved and buried, not when she died. "Send, bones, five years here. The white grass withered and the road was deserted. Who is hungry? Who is thirsty at night? I am guilty of your habitat! " Li Shangyin felt that as an uncle, he didn't take enough care of posting and was full of deep apologies and guilt. In fact, our poet did quite well. This is only a more thorough baptism of his own morality and soul, and a deeper conscious renewal of human affection.
According to the feudal etiquette system, it is unnecessary to write a eulogy for a 4-year-old child, but Li Shangyin can't help himself because of his deep affection for giving gifts. Therefore, Li Shangyin broke through the traditional ethical concept of seniority and did it. "My sister, it's time to be buried today. Then I moved to Erling and returned to the first field. Plain divination, stone calligraphy. Why can't the text of knowing the ceremony be affectionate! " This is the ultimate expression of Li Shangyin's family worship, and its cognitive value and aesthetic value are no less than his view of love. He completely regards mailing as his own flesh and blood and his beloved friend! Li Shangyin's challenge to the moral ethics of feudal ethics is not only bold and advanced at that time, but also has certain practical significance even now. Nowadays, whenever we go to Tomb-Sweeping Day, people usually worship their ancestors and mourn their predecessors, but seldom sweep away the sacrifices of the younger generation who left before us. At least, I haven't seen it in the media.
"alas! The stars are fragrant on the water, beside the Tanshan Mountain, you are Zeng Naizu, and Song Yunsen goes; Aunt, aunt, grave connected. Don't be afraid if you come and go here. Colorful clothes and sweet food. You're here to accept this, no more, no less. Your uncle gave you a sacrifice, and your father sent it to you in tears and grief. You know! " At the end of the article, Li Shangyin, as an uncle, cares about mailing as if she were still alive. When he cried on the monument, his words were cut and his voice was sad and painful. The profound beauty of human nature and tragedy from it makes people have to express their heartfelt admiration for the poet's superb artistic skills.
After reading this article repeatedly for more than 40 years, the author feels that mailing does not seem to be the child's real name, but Li Shangyin's pity for her poor experience of being fostered in other people's homes since childhood, which is a nickname for this little girl.
Some scholars believe that Li Shangyin's sentimental sentiment is related to his bumpy life experience and melancholy personality. The author agrees with this view. The author also believes that Li Shangyin's feeling of "feeling sad at that time" is also related to the religious culture at that time. In the late Tang Dynasty, the society had completed the process of integrating Buddhism and Taoism, and Buddhist culture gradually became the mainstream culture of society. Therefore, Buddhist karma and pessimistic thoughts can not but affect Li Shangyin's emotional world and literary creation. In fact, in Li Shangyin's eulogy, "Take the fruit, do something, invite yourself to the raft" and "You are Zeng Naizu, you are a pine tree; Aunt and aunt, grave and grave meet. You come and go, don't be afraid, don't be surprised "and other sentences, all with heavy traces of Buddhist concepts. Li Shangyin's tragic temperament is closely related to his life experience and his perception of Buddhist culture. When the poet put his own personal feelings into his poems and poured into his fantasy of human emotional world, a hazy, sad and universal beauty of human nature and life suddenly appeared and eventually became a beautiful expression of civilization.
The article "Li Shangyin's tribute and appreciation to my little niece, Lei Huo Fan Wen". The website you are browsing is edited by Lei Huo Fan Wen. Com (www.ok678.cn), the access address is:/article/html/2010/20100807/547/24756.html.