"Book of Rites. Sutra Interpretation - Part 1" Poetry Explanation, Poems, Books, Rites, Music, Justice, Faith and Benevolence
Inscribed poem:
The most affectionate and most teaching, the most teaching is self-teaching , teach yourself and know yourself, know yourself and stand on your own,
Be self-reliant and polite, be polite and upright, have a clean spirit and a clear wind, and be upright and upright to others.
If you want to know his teachings, you must first enter his country. Gentleness To be honest and sincere, poems praise one's temperament,
To express one's thoughts with expressions, to teach people not to be stupid; to be distant and far-reaching, to teach without making false accusations;
To be broad-minded and easy to be good, to be happy and harmonious, to be simple and obedient, Be happy to teach but not extravagant;
Be clean and quiet but not licentious, strive for perfection, be cautious and careful, easy to teach but not thief;
Be respectful, frugal and respectful, have the five ethical principles, be harmonious and disciplined, and not bother with etiquette;
Comparing things with idioms, taking history as a mirror, satirizing the past and the present, so that the Spring and Autumn Period will not be chaotic.
The heaven and the earth are sentimental, the sky covers the earth, they bring forth all things, the emperor’s true sentiments,
Love connects heaven and earth, is in harmony with heaven and earth, virtue matches heaven and earth, and benefits all things.
Love is supreme, the sun and moon shine brightly together, illuminating the world, regardless of the smallest detail.
He was in the imperial court , benevolence, sage, propriety and justice; the emperor's place of swallows, listen to the elegant chants;
When the emperor walks, there is the sound of the ring; when the emperor ascends the chariot, there is the sound of the luan.
The place where you live is polite, Advance and retreat in a measured manner, all officials should be in a suitable position, and everything should be in order.
A gentleman is a gentleman, his manners are neither excessive nor too upright, so as to rectify the four countries.
To make people happy is called The most harmonious; the mutual love between the superior and the lower, is called the most benevolent;
Not asking for what you want, getting what you want is called trust; eliminating the harm of heaven and earth, it is called the most righteous.
Righteousness, trust and benevolence, true love and sincerity , Sincerity connects the universe, the overlord's weapon.
Text:
Confucius said: "When you enter his country, you can know his teachings. His conduct as a person: gentle and honest, as taught in "Poetry" ; Being sparse and far-sighted is taught by "Book"; being broad and knowledgeable, Yi Liang is taught by "Yue"; being clean, quiet and subtle, is taught by "Yi"; being respectful, frugal and respectful is taught by "Li"; being idiosyncratic and comparing things with things is taught by "Spring and Autumn" Teaching. Therefore, the loss of "Poetry" is foolish; the loss of "Book" is false accusation; the loss of "Yue" is extravagance; the loss of "Yi" is thief; the loss of "Li" is trouble; the loss of "Spring and Autumn" is He is a person who is gentle and honest but not stupid, which is deeper than "Poetry"; he who is sparse and far-reaching without making false accusations is deeper than "Book"; he who is broad-minded and easy-going but not extravagant is deeper than "Le" Those who are clean, quiet, subtle but not arrogant are deeper than the "Yi"; those who are respectful, thrifty, solemn and respectful but not troublesome are deeper than the "Li"; those who are rhetorical, comparing things but not chaotic, are deeper than the "Spring and Autumn" "
Zheng Xuan's Note: Confucius said: "When you enter a country, you can know its teachings. If you observe its customs, you will know what it teaches. He is also gentle and kind, which is what "Poetry" teaches. Zhiyuan is taught by "Book". It is taught by "Guangbo" and "Yue". It is also taught by "Yi". It is also taught by "Yi". It is also taught by "Li". "Spring and Autumn" records the appointment and gathering of princes, and there are words about "Yi Liang", "Yi Liang" and "Yi Liang". It belongs to Yin Zhu, and the note is the same as below. Bi, Bi Zhifan, the same below. Zhaopin, Zhiyuan, the same as in the chapter. Therefore, "Poetry" is lost in foolishness, "Book" is lost in false accusation, "Lee" is lost in extravagance, "Yi" is lost in treason, "Li" is lost in trouble, and "Spring and Autumn" is lost in chaos. Losing means that one cannot control his teachings. "Poetry" is honest and honest, almost foolish. "Book" knows far away and makes false accusations near. "Yi" is subtle, love and evil attack each other, and distance and near are attracted to each other, then they cannot tolerate others and are close to harming them. In "Spring and Autumn", things like war and chaos are approaching. Nearly foolish, nearby is near, except for the word "far and near", the same as the word "near and far". Evil, Wulu rebels. Struggle, struggle, struggle, the same below. He is also gentle and honest but not stupid, which is deeper than that of "Poetry". If the notice is sparse but not false, it is deeper than the "Book". A person who is broad and easy to learn but not extravagant is a person who is deeper than "Le". If it is quiet, subtle but not ruthless, it is deeper than the Book of Changes. Those who are respectful, thrifty, solemn and respectful but not troublesome are those who are deeper than the "Li". If the words are compared to things without being confusing, then they are deeper than those in the Spring and Autumn Annals. "Those who speak profoundly can both teach and prevent mistakes.
[Sparse] "Confucius" is the most important "he". Zhengyi said: An article in "Jing Jie" is always the words of Confucius, reporter Huang, who recorded it as "Jing Jie", said: "The name of the Jing Jie is analysis. This article analyzes the different teachings of the Six Classics, so it is called "Jing Jie". Although the teachings of the Six Classics are different, they are always based on rituals, so the reporter recorded them in rituals. "Confucius said: When you enter a country, you can know its teachings." He said that the king should follow the teachings of the Six Classics and teach them according to his people. , so it is said that "its teachings can be understood". "Tenderness and kindness are taught in "Poems"". Wen refers to the gentle color; "Rou" refers to soft temperament. Therefore, it is said that "gentleness" does not refer to anything. "Honest and honest" is the teaching of "Poetry". "Sparing the distance is the teaching of "Book". The book records the emperor's words and edicts, and gives their outline. The things are not complicated. It is the way of clearing the world of the emperor and knowing the distance. "Guangbo Yiliang, "Yue" teaches", "Yue" takes harmony as its essence, and can be used in everything. It is broad, simple and good, which makes people follow it. "Jie Jing is subtle, "Yi" teaches. "Ye", according to "Yi", for people, if they are righteous, they will get good luck, and if they are wrong, they will get bad luck. If they are not sexually immoral, they will be quiet. Exhausting their rationality and speaking down to the smallest detail is subtle. "Be respectful, frugal and respectful," "Li" "Teaching", "Li" is based on being respectful, frugal, respectful and prudent. If people can be respectful and frugal, this is the teaching of "Li". "It is words that compare things, "Spring and Autumn" teaches", belongs to, together Also; Bi, close.
In "Spring and Autumn", the words of gathering and synergy are genitive words, and the words of praise and blame are also words of comparison. Ordinary people should practice the teachings of these six classics to transform them into the following. I have studied his teachings, and they still have the nature of the Six Classics. Therefore, it is said that the "Poetry" teaches the "Book" and so on. "Therefore, the failure of "Poetry" lies in stupidity." "Poetry" focuses on honesty and sincerity. If it is not tempered, the failure lies in stupidity. "The Book of Misfortune" means that the Book of Books has been widely known for a long time. If it is not restrained, it will be false accusation. "The loss of luxury in "Le" means "Le" is about broadness and ease. If you are not restrained, you will lose luxury. "The thief of "Yi" means that the main character of "Yi" is tranquility and solemnity, attracting each other from far and near, and attacking each other with love and evil. If you are not restrained, you will lose to thieves. "The loss of trouble in "Li" refers to the main cultural relics of "Li", which are respectful, thrifty and dignified. If it cannot be restrained, it will be troublesome. "The Chaos of the Spring and Autumn Annals" refers to the war practices in the Spring and Autumn Annals. If it cannot be controlled, it will result in chaos. This all means that people and kings use the teachings, and they cannot help each other and control things appropriately, so they lead to losses. "He is also gentle and honest but not stupid, and he is deeper than the "Poetry"." This classic uses "Poetry" to transform the people. Although it is honest and honest, it can be righteous and restrained. If you want to make the people honest but not stupid, you must have a deep understanding of the meaning and principles of the "Poetry" and be able to teach the people through the "Poetry". Therefore, it is said that "it is deeper than "Poetry"". This is the meaning of all the following sutras. Note that "Yijing" means "thing". Zhengyi said: "The "Yi" is subtle." The principles of "Yi" are subtle and secret, and the responsibilities are so severe that they cannot be contained. It is said that "love and evil attack each other" means that the six lines of the hexagram in "Yi" may be that the yin lines take advantage of the yang, or the yang lines are based on the yin and cannot be close to each other. This means that love and evil attack each other. It is said that "the near and far are in harmony with each other", which means that there is a correspondence between the near and far. They may be far away but have no response, or they may be close but not reach each other. This is how far and near cannot reach each other. It says, "You cannot tolerate others who are close to harming you." If we agree with each other, we will love each other even though we are far away. If we are separated, we will hate each other even though we are close. If we cannot tolerate others who are not the same as ourselves, if we are harmed, we will be harmed by thieves. . Those who say that "Spring and Autumn" are about learning wars" use "Spring and Autumn" to record the invasions and attacks of princes against each other, and there are also words of struggle. In the twenty-eighth year of the reign of Emperor Xi of the Jin Dynasty, the marquis of the Jin Dynasty returned to the capital. In the thirteenth year of the Zhao Dynasty, at the Pingqiu meeting, Zichan fought for the prime ministership. Therefore, the previous annotation says that the Spring and Autumn Annals also record the matters of criminal defense. However, "Poetry" is a chapter of "Music", "Poetry" and "Music" are one, and to teach others, if you use sounds and emotions to teach people, this is "Music" teaching; if you use "Poetry" to use beautiful words, satire, and allegory To teach people, this is the teaching of "Poetry". This is for government to educate the people, so there are six classics. If the disciples of the teaching country are within Xiangxu, they can only use the four techniques. Therefore, "Wang Zhi" says, "In the Spring and Autumn Period, etiquette and music are taught, and in the Winter and Summer, the Poetry and the Book are taught." These six classics only talk about the transformation of people and kings. They can teach the people by this and the people can follow it, but they cannot practice it to the extreme. If the ruler of the prosperous Ming Dynasty is the parent of the people, he can be extremely kind to the people. Then the "Poetry" has likes and dislikes, etiquette has a political body, joy has a harmonious temperament, all of which can be extremely with the people, and the people share the same feelings. Therefore, "Confucius Jianju" says, "Wherever the ambition goes, the "Poetry" will also reach the end. Where the "Poetry" goes, the etiquette will also end up. Where the etiquette goes, the music will also end." This is true. The "Book", "Yi" and "Spring and Autumn" are not about being kind and caring to the people, so "Confucius Xianju" does not have the "Book", "Yi" and "Spring and Autumn".
The Son of Heaven is connected with heaven and earth. Therefore, virtue matches the heaven and the earth, benefits all things, and is as bright as the sun and the moon, shining brightly on the four seas without leaving out the small things. When he is in the imperial court, he listens to the preface of Dao Ren's sacred etiquette; when he is at Yan, he listens to the sounds of elegance and praise; when he walks, he hears the sound of rings; when he ascends a chariot, he hears the sound of luan and harmony. The place of residence is polite, the advancement and retreat are measured, all officials are in their proper place, and everything is in order. "Poetry" says: "A gentleman's manners are not improper. His manners are not improper, and he is the Four Kingdoms." This is what it means. When orders are issued and the people speak of them, this is called harmony; when superiors and subordinates show mutual respect, it is called benevolence; when the people get what they want without asking for it, it is called trust; when it removes harm from heaven and earth, it is called righteousness. Righteousness and trust, harmony and benevolence are the weapons of the overlord. If you have the intention to govern the people but do not have the tools, it will not be possible.
? Zheng Xuan's Note: The Son of Heaven is in harmony with heaven and earth, so his virtue matches heaven and earth and benefits all things. He shines brightly with the sun and moon, illuminating the four seas without leaving out the smallest details. When he was in the imperial court, he followed the preface of Dao Ren's sacred rituals. At Yan Chu, he listened to the sounds of "Ya" and "Song". When he walked, there was the sound of rings, and when he ascended the chariot, there was the sound of "luans". The place of residence is polite, the advancement and retreat are measured, all officials are in their proper place, and everything is in order. "Poetry" says: "A gentleman's manners are not improper. His manners are not improper, and he is the Four Kingdoms." This is what it means. Tao is still a word. Huanpei means wearing a ring or a jade, so it is a symbol of integrity. "Yamazao" says: "If you advance, you will bow, and if you retreat, you will raise it. Then the jade clang will sound." If the ring is infinite, the jade will be better than the virtue. Confucius wore an elephant ring, five inches tall. The ring of human kings, its system has not been heard of. Luan and He are both bells, so they are the festival of carriages. "Han Shi Nei Zhuan" says: "The Luan is in Heng, and the harmony is in Shi. When the chariot is raised in front, the horses move, when the horses move, the luan sounds, and when the luan sounds, it is in harmony." The residence is the imperial court and Yan Ye. Advance and retreat, walking and driving. Shu, often the six opposites. Oops, I vomited the wrong way. The gun, the seven sheep rebelled, and the original made a Qiang. Ring zero. Shiyin style. Respond, respond to response. When orders are issued and the people speak of them, this is called harmony. Love from above to below is called benevolence. When people get what they want without asking for it, this is called trust. To remove the harm from heaven and earth is called righteousness. Righteousness and trust, harmony and benevolence are the weapons of the overlord. If you have the intention to govern the people but do not have the tools, it will not be possible. Utensils are those that are used to perform tasks. Righteousness, trust and benevolence all depend on propriety. Say the sound is pleasant. Go, Qiang Lu rebels, the same below. Wang, Xu Yu Kuang rebelled. Damn it, seven swords against it.
? [Sparse] "Emperor" to "failed". Zhengyi said: This section expresses the overlordship of the Emperor of Heaven, and only etiquette is the weapon of the overlord, which shows the importance of etiquette. "Joining with the heaven and earth" means that the heaven covers the earth and brings forth and nourishes all things. The Son of Heaven can also carry out the work of giving birth and nourishing, and is in harmony with the heaven and the earth. Therefore, it is said that "joining with the heaven and the earth" is said.
"The "Poetry" says: A gentleman and a gentleman, his manners are not excessive, his manners are not excessive, he is the one of the Four Kingdoms." This chapter of "Poetry·Cao Feng·鸸鸸" is a poem about the unevenness of the upper and lower parts, saying that a good gentleman is a gentleman. His intentions are equal, and his majesty and appearance are not inconsistent. Because of his impartiality, he can rectify the kingdoms in the four directions. "This is what is called" refers to what the "Poetry" says, which is exactly what it means for a saint to be polite. "The people get what they want without asking for it, which is called trust." It means that the wise king is above and the people are supporting the people below. The people do not need to seek for what they want, and they will get it naturally. This is the faithfulness of the superior and the support of the people. Therefore. Just as the "Shang Shu Zhuan" states that "the people beat the soil and sing, dig wells and drink, plow the fields and eat, what power does the emperor have?" This is not asking for what he wants. Heaven does not say anything but moves in the four seasons. This is faith like the four seasons, so it is said that it is "believed". "To remove the harm from heaven and earth is called righteousness." righteousness means appropriateness. Heaven and earth are harmless to things, and they are righteous because they are suitable. The harms caused by heaven and earth include floods, droughts, epidemics and disasters, as well as evil things in heaven and earth that harm people. These are all called harms caused by heaven and earth. "The overlord's weapon" refers to a tool that is used by people to do things. If you want to do something, you must first sharpen your weapon. If you want to be an overlord, you must be righteous, trustworthy and benevolent. These are the weapons of an overlord. Note that "Han Shi" to "Shi Qian". Zhengyi said: The place where the Luanhe is located refers to the chariot used by worshipers. If it is a hunting chariot, the Luan is at the side. Therefore, "Poems of Qin Feng" says, "The chariot is driven by a luan," and the note says, "Putting a luan on the chariot is different from riding a chariot." It's riding a chariot in Heng. However, Zheng Yu's note in "Ode to Shang" says, "In Shi, he is called He, in Bi, he is called Luan." "Ode to Shang" is abbreviated, or it may have no text, and Zheng Wei made two statements.