Du Fu
Jiangshan bathed in spring, how beautiful, flowers send flowers.
Swallows are busy nesting in wet mud and sleeping in pairs on the warm beach.
Tao Yukai, a poetry theorist in the Qing Dynasty, pointed out in his book On Du Fu that there are many works in Du Fu's anthology that "take poetry as painting". This five-character quatrain written in Chengdu Caotang is a very poetic masterpiece. At the beginning of the poem, I began to use ink from a big place and described the beautiful spring scenery around Huanhuaxi in the bright sunshine in early spring. This pen is simple and colorful. "Late day" refers to spring day, which means The Book of Songs? Hurricane? In July, spring comes late. Here is used to highlight the sunshine in early spring, so as to control the whole article. At the same time, the word "Li" is used to dye "Jiangshan", which shows the beautiful scenery of beautiful spring and green streams reflecting the sun. Although this is a sketch, the bottom of the pen is a spring swing.
In the second sentence, the poet further demonstrated the beautiful spring scenery with warm spring breeze, blooming flowers, lush grass and rich fragrance. Because the poet organically organizes the spring breeze, flowers and plants and their fragrance, readers can feel the feeling of wind and harmony, bloom and wind sending flowers, and receive the artistic effect as if they were in the air.
On the basis of bright and broad pictures, three or four sentences turn to a concrete and vivid description of the early spring scenery.
In the third sentence, the poet chooses the most common and distinctive dynamic scenery in early spring to sketch. In spring, bloom died, the soil melted, the soil was wet, and the swallows in autumn and spring were busy flying around, building nests with the soil. This vivid description makes the painting more lively, full of the breath of spring and has a dynamic beauty. Du Fu's observation of swallows is very detailed, and "mud melting" is closely related to the first sentence, because spring returns to the earth and the sun shines brightly, which is "mud melting"; Yan Zi's new arrival, taking mud as a nest, kept flying, showing a feeling of spring.
The fourth sentence is to outline the static scenery. Spring melts, the sun is shining and the beach is warm. Yuanyang should also enjoy the warmth of this spring and sleep on the sandbar by the stream. This is also closely related to the first sentence, because "the sun came late" warmed the beach, and the warm beach attracted couples of mandarin ducks to come out of the water and bathe in the bright sunshine, which was so leisurely. From the description of the scenery, it is in contrast to the dynamic flying swallow in the third sentence, which is dynamic and static, and sets each other off. These two sentences depict mud swallows and sleeping mandarin ducks with meticulous brushwork, and cooperate with one or two sentences to outline a broad and bright scenery, which makes the whole picture harmonious and unified, forming an early spring scenery map with bright colors, prosperous business and aesthetic feeling. As far as the thoughts and feelings contained in the poem are concerned, it reflects the poet's pleasant mood of temporarily settling down in the thatched cottage after "four battles at one year old" and "three years of famine mountain", and it is also the poet's expression of the vitality and prosperity of nature in early spring.
This five-character quatrain is bright and beautiful in artistic conception and fresh in style. The whole poem is neat, but natural and smooth, without carving; Describing the beautiful scenery without trace is a unique chapter in Du Ji.
Four quatrains (the third)
Du Fu
"Two orioles sing green willows, and egrets cover the sky."
My window framed the snow-covered western hills. My door often says "goodbye" to ships sailing eastward.
In 762 AD, Chengdu Yin entered the DPRK, and there was unrest in Shu. Du Fu once fled to Zizhou, and the Anshi Rebellion was put down the following year. Another year passed, and Yanwu returned to Chengdu. Du Fu learned the news of this old friend and followed him back to Chengdu Caotang. At this time, he was in a particularly good mood. Faced with this lively scene, he couldn't help writing this group of impromptu poems. I didn't plan the topic in advance, and I didn't plan the topic after writing the poem. I simply take "quatrains" as the topic.
The first pair of a poem is a set of antitheses. There are many willows around the thatched cottage, and there are a pair of orioles singing on the new green willow branches, which is a cheerful scene and colorful, forming a fresh and beautiful artistic conception. "Cui" is new green, "Liu Cui" is early spring phenology, and willow branches have just sprouted. "Two orioles sing green willows", and birds are paired, showing a kind of vitality and a festive meaning. Egrets in the blue sky are flying freely. This long-legged bird flies gracefully and naturally. In Wan Li, the sky is clear, and the egrets are brightly colored against the "blue sky". The four bright colors of "yellow", "emerald", "white" and "cyan" are used successively in the two sentences to weave a beautiful picture; The first sentence is also described by voice, which conveys extremely cheerful feelings.
The second couplet of poetry is also composed of antitheses. Looking at the snow ridge in the western hills from the window. The snow on the ridge doesn't melt all the year round, so "Thousand Autumn Snow" is piled up. Snow-capped mountains can't be seen when the weather is bad, and they can only be seen clearly when the air is clear. With the word "containing", this scene seems to be a picture embedded in a window frame, just around the corner. Seeing such a rare beauty, the poet's mood is self-evident. If you look out of the door, you can see ships moored on the river bank. River boats are common, but the word "Wan Li boat" is meaningful. Because they are from Wu Dong. When people think that these ships are about to sail, along the Minjiang River, through the Three Gorges and directly to the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, they will feel very unusual. Because of years of war, land and water traffic was blocked by the war, and ships could not sail smoothly in Wan Li. When the war subsided and the traffic resumed, the poet could "start my home on a green spring day" only when he saw a ship from Wu Dong. Why not make people happy? Wan Li Ship is relatively as wide as a word and as long as a word. Poets in the thatched cottage, thinking for thousands of years, see through Wan Li, how broad-minded!
The whole poem looks like a scene, four independent pictures. It is the poet's inner feelings that consistently make it a unified artistic conception. At first, he showed the spring scenery of the thatched cottage, and the poet's mood was Tao Ran. However, with the wandering of sight and the change of scenery, the appearance of river boats touched his homesickness. Jing Yu's four sentences fully show the poet's complicated and meticulous inner thoughts.
Two quatrains (part two)
Du Fu
The water waves in the river, the white feathers of waterfowl, the green and red flowers on the mountain are in contrast, and you want to burn.
I watched it again this spring. When is the year of return?
This poem was written by Du Fu after he entered Shu, expressing his feelings in a foreign land. "The birds in the river are white, and the mountains are blue and white." This is a landscape painting embedded in a frame. The paper is full of ink, and the painting is colorful and has a fascinating charm. You see, the blue waves are rippling all over the river, revealing white water birds, skimming over the river, what a pleasant scenery! All over the mountains and plains are green, blooming everywhere and extremely red. It's like burning a fire, how brilliant it is! White bird feathers are lined with river walls, and blue and white set each other off; Green hills are lined with red flowers, and green and red compete. The word "Guo" makes the waterfowl whiter and whiter with the blue sediment of the river, and writes deeply and picturesque; And a word "desire" endows the flower with anthropomorphic dynamics and swaying. There are four poetic images of rivers, mountains, flowers and birds, which are depicted in four colors: green, green, red and white. The scene is fresh and pleasing to the eye. However, the poet's will is not here, and then, the pen path turns sharply and sighs.
"I saw it again this spring. When is the year of return?" The word "read through" in the sentence refers directly to the season of writing poetry. The scenery in late spring and early summer is not beautiful, but it is a pity that the years have passed and the return date is far away, which not only does not arouse the interest of playing, but evokes the sadness of wandering.
The artistic feature of this poem is to write sadness with joy. Only by saying that spring is harmonious can we compare the poet's eagerness to return home. It does not reveal homesickness directly from the scenery, but compares the poet's deep homesickness with the difference between objective scenery and subjective feelings.