1. Verses about Physics
1. The peaks reflect the floating water, and there is no water and no mountain without me. ——Modern·Wu Mai's "Guilin Landscape"
Physical principles: reflection and refraction of light.
Translation: Mountains stand in the water, and there are reflections of the mountains in the water. There is no mountain that is not attractive, and there is no water that is not attractive.
2. Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City, the midnight bell rang for the passenger ship. ——Tang Zhang Ji's "Night Parking on the Maple River"
Physical principle: the propagation of sound.
Translation: In the lonely and quiet Hanshan Ancient Temple outside Gusu City, the sound of ringing bells in the middle of the night reached the passenger ship.
3. The green mountains on both sides of the strait face each other, and the lone sail is coming from the sun. ——"Looking at Tianmen Mountain" by Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty
Physical principle: Green hills are stationary relative to the ground, but with a moving boat as a reference, the green hills become moving. With the river bank as a reference, Gufan comes from the sun.
Translation: The beautiful scenery of the confrontation between the green mountains on both sides of the Taiwan Strait is indistinguishable. I met a lonely boat coming from the horizon.
4. The beauty of April in the world is gone, and the peach blossoms in the mountain temple are beginning to bloom. ——"Peach Blossoms at Dalin Temple" by Bai Juyi of the Tang Dynasty
Physical principle: The higher the terrain, the slower the temperature rises. In the same season, the temperature on the mountain is lower than that at the bottom.
Translation: In April in the human world, all the flowers have withered, but the peach blossoms in the ancient temples on the mountains have just begun to bloom.
5. The water of the Yellow River comes up from the sky and rushes to the sea never to return. ——Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty, "The Wine Will Be Entered"
Physical principle: water cycle.
Translation: The water of the Yellow River rushes from the sky, and the waves roll straight to the East China Sea, never to return. 2. Poems about physics
1. The mountains are reflected in the floating water. Without water, there is no mountain without which one would be enchanted.
——Modern · Wu Mai's "Guilin Landscape" Physical Principles: Reflection and refraction of light. Translation: Mountains stand in the water, and there are reflections of the mountains in the water. There is no mountain that is not attractive, and there is no water that is not attractive.
2. Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City, the midnight bell rang for the passenger ship. ——Tang Zhang Ji's "Night Parking on the Maple River" Physical Principles: The Propagation of Sound.
Translation: In the lonely and quiet Hanshan Ancient Temple outside Gusu City, the sound of ringing bells in the middle of the night reached the passenger ship. 3. The green mountains on both sides of the strait face each other, and a solitary sail is coming from the sun.
——Tang Dynasty Li Bai's "Looking at Tianmen Mountain" Physical Principle: Green hills are stationary relative to the ground, but with a moving boat as a reference, the green hills become moving. With the river bank as a reference, Gufan comes from the sun. Translation: The beautiful scenery of the confrontation between the green mountains on both sides of the Taiwan Strait is indistinguishable. I met a solitary boat coming from the horizon.
4. The beauty of April in the world is gone, and the peach blossoms in the mountain temple are beginning to bloom. ——Bai Juyi of the Tang Dynasty, "Peach Blossoms of Dalin Temple" Physical principle: The higher the terrain, the slower the temperature rises. In the same season, the temperature on the mountain is lower than that at the bottom.
Translation: In April in the human world, all the flowers have withered, but the peach blossoms in the ancient temples on the mountains have just begun to bloom. 5. The water of the Yellow River comes up from the sky and rushes to the sea never to return.
——Tang Dynasty Li Bai's "Jinjinjiu" Physical Principles: Water Cycle. Translation: The water of the Yellow River rushes from the sky, and the waves roll straight to the East China Sea, never to return. 3. Find poems that contain physical knowledge, and indicate what kind of physical knowledge they contain
1. At Hanshan Temple outside Suzhou City, the bell rings at midnight to the passenger ship
2. "Chao Saying goodbye to the colorful clouds, thousands of miles of rivers and mountains are returned in one day. The apes on both sides of the bank can't stop crying, and the boat has passed the Ten Thousand Mountains." (Li Bai, Tang Dynasty, "Early Departure from Baidi City")
Analysis: Previous. The literal meaning of the two lines of the poem is that the poet wants to travel "a thousand miles" to and from Jiangling in "one day", which means that he has to cover a distance of 2,000 miles (1,000 kilometers = 1,000 kilometers) in 12 hours. Based on this, roughly calculate the ship speed: v=s/t=1000 kilometers/12 hours≈83.33 kilometers/hour. The speed of modern inland river ships is only 10 to 21.6 kilometers per hour. The ship Li Bai was riding was too fast. In fact, this expresses the poet's mood of returning home.
3. "Moving the boat to Yanzhu, the guests are worried about the new arrival at dusk. The wild sky is low and the trees are low, and the clear moon on the river is close to the people." (Tang Dynasty·Meng Haoran·"Su Jiande River")
Analysis: The poet Mutou Inn is still enjoying the night view with great interest. The water of Jiande River is so clear and calm. The poet uses the water as a mirror, and the bright moon seems to be close by. He can sit back and relax tonight. It is obviously a "plane mirror" that makes the bright moon in the sky "image" in the water.
4. Wen Tianxiang, the national hero of the Southern Song Dynasty, once swore in "The Yangtze River" that "the heart of my minister is like a magnetic needle, and I will never stop until the direction is pointed." Here the author uses the magnetic needle stone as a metaphor for his determination to resist gold.
Analysis: One of the properties of magnets is to guide north and south, so Wen Tianxiang used the property of "magnetic needle stone to guide north" as a metaphor for his firm determination to resist gold. This reminds people of Wen Tianxiang's famous saying "Since ancient times, no one has died, and his loyalty will be remembered by history." Today's people are inspired and resonate with the emotions of the ancients, stimulating deep patriotism in their hearts.
5. People know that the flowers are suddenly warm, and the magpies sing through the trees to welcome the new weather."
These are two poems from the Southern Song Dynasty poet Lu You's "Village Book Joy". The first sentence can be understood from a physical point of view as: the aromatic oil molecules secreted by the flowers accelerated, indicating that the surrounding temperature suddenly dropped at that time.
Analysis: The poet expressed his admiration for the beautiful nature in a beautiful style, and accurately described the details of the change of seasons. "The fragrance of flowers is astonishing" means that the poet has felt the fragrance of flowers before he has been in contact with them. This is caused by the irregular movement (diffusion) of aromatic oil molecules secreted by flowers. Only when the surrounding temperature suddenly rises will he feel the "sudden fragrance". warm".
6. "Small bamboo rafts in the middle reaches of the river, walking on both sides of the towering green mountains", these two lyrics have already been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people with the famous movie "Shining Red Star". Please use your physics knowledge to analyze the phenomenon.
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Analysis: "Walking" and "swimming" represent two different actions. In physics, they are called mechanical motion. "Swimming" in the Zhupai River is based on the ground or the green hills on the ground. "Walking" on both sides of the "green mountain" is actually a kind of personification. If a person stands on a "bamboo raft", if the bamboo raft is used as a reference, then the green mountain is moving!
7. Washing the water! With the moon in your hand, your clothes will be filled with the fragrance of flowers
Physics knowledge:
"Holding the water with the moon in your hand" is the phenomenon of mirror reflection
"The clothes will be filled with the fragrance of flowers. "It is: the phenomenon of molecular diffusion.
8. Purple smoke is emitted from the incense burner under the sun, and the waterfall hanging in front of the river is seen in the distance. The water flows down three thousand feet, which is suspected to be the Milky Way falling from the sky.
Physics knowledge: The kinetic energy of the "flying down" water is increasing, and the gravitational potential energy of the water is decreasing
9. The peaks reflect the floating water, and there is no mountain and no water without being mesmerized
Physics knowledge: Reflection and refraction of light
10. The peach blossoms on the human face reflect the red color
Physics knowledge: The red light reflected by the peach blossoms is the determining factor of the color of the object
11. Smell it Know the person by the sound
Physical knowledge: timbre, one of the three characteristics of music
12. Li Yi, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, has a poem called "Happy to see my younger brother and say goodbye again" ", which describes: "After ten years of separation and chaos, we met again when we grew up. We were surprised when we first met when we asked each other for our last names, and recalled our old appearance by calling them names. Thinking of the "old appearance" of the first sight in "Asking for a Surname", it can be seen that there is a feature in the voice that reminds the poet of memories from ten years ago. This feature is timbre, one of the three major characteristics of music
I wonder if that’s enough? 4. Poems, sayings, or idioms and physical meanings about sound and light phenomena
Deafening: refers to the loudness of the sound.
·Sing loudly: refers to the loudness of the voice.
·Whispering: refers to the low loudness of the voice.
·Pleasant to the ear: refers to the good pitch of the voice.
·Bearing one's ears and stealing the bell: Attenuating the sound during the transmission process.
·The lingering sound: The reason is that although the knocking on the object has stopped, the object is still vibrating and producing sound.
·Overtone: There are indeed sounds beyond the human hearing frequency range, such as ultrasound and infrasound, which we cannot hear at all.
·Partition walls have ears: This means that solid objects can transmit sound.
·There is a long roar, and the mountains and valleys respond. When a person shouts in the high mountains, the sound can form an echo through multiple reflections, lasting for a long time, as if the mountains are roaring and the valleys are echoing.
·The lingering sound lingered for three days. When sound encounters objects, it reflects back to form an echo.
·Know a person by hearing his voice. Different sound emitters have different timbres of sounds, and familiar people can be distinguished based on the timbre of the sounds.
·But I heard his voice but could not see him. Sound waves encounter obstacles during propagation. When the wavelength is larger than the size of the obstacle, the sound waves can bypass the obstacles, and solids can also transmit sound, so sound can be heard; while light propagates in a straight line in the air. The line of sight is easily blocked by obstacles, so people cannot be seen.
·The boiling water does not make a sound, the sound of the water does not boil. When water is boiled, the water at the bottom of the pot absorbs heat and vaporizes to form bubbles. When the water is not boiling, these bubbles rise from the bottom, and when they encounter the lower temperature water in the upper layer, the water vapor inside the bubbles will liquefy into water, and the volume of the bubbles will gradually shrink until they disappear. The expansion and contraction of the bubbles causes the water to vibrate, causing a sound. When the water is boiling, the temperature of the water at the bottom of the pot is equal to that of the water in the upper layer. As the bubbles rise, water vapor is continuously generated, and the volume becomes larger. When it reaches the water surface, it bursts and the vibration is small. Therefore, "the sound of water does not boil, and the sound of boiling water does not sound." .
·In Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City, the bell rang at midnight to reach the passenger ship. From this we can learn that the sound of bells is transmitted to the passenger ship through the air, and the sound of the bells is identified based on the timbre of the sound.
·Don’t dare to speak loudly for fear of frightening the heavens. The "high" here refers to the high pitch of the sound. But people in the Heavenly Palace will not hear your voice, because sound cannot be transmitted in a vacuum.
·After ten years of separation, we met again when we were grown up. We were surprised when we first met each other when we asked for our last names, and recalled our old appearance by calling them names. From the "asking for a surname", we think of the "old appearance" we saw at first. It can be seen that there is a feature in the voice that reminds the poet of memories from ten years ago. This feature is the timbre.
·The sound of wind, rain, and reading are all in my ears. Shows that sound can travel through air and water.
5. Physical phenomena in Chinese poetry
Part One (Overview) Nature is rich and colorful. Ancient poets left popular poems when they experienced life, observed and appreciated the beauty of nature.
And because physical phenomena commonly exist in nature. Therefore, some physical phenomena inevitably appear in ancient poetry.
Specifically, these seemingly messy phenomena belong to different branches of physics, including the most common light phenomena and sound phenomena. Of course, there are also phenomena that are inseparable from classical mechanics and kinematics. connect. The poet's meticulous depiction of life hides these scientific phenomena in the lines of the poem, triggering our thinking today.
Light phenomenon is the most common. It is believed that whether in ancient times or modern times, light is closely related to our lives. Let’s start with the phenomenon of light.
Part 2 (Light Phenomenon in Ancient Poems) Human beings began to observe and study light very early, and gradually accumulated rich knowledge, making optics one of the earliest branches of physics. The "Mo Jing", written 2,400 years ago, can be regarded as the world's earliest optical work.
The most basic property of light is to propagate in a straight line. "Raise your glass to the bright moon, and make three people in the shadows." This is a line from Li Bai's "Drinking Alone under the Moon".
While the poet was drinking, the moonlight reflected his shadow, as if there were three of him. In the psychedelic illusion of light and shadow, the interconnection between the two can be vaguely seen. How can the "bright moon" become an "opposite shadow", and how can there be "three people"? Due to the nature of light propagating in a straight line, the light emitted by a point light source (here we roughly regard the "bright moon" as a point light source) reaches an opaque object (person), and the surface of the object facing the light is illuminated, forming a shadow behind the backlight surface. The dark area where light cannot reach is the shadow of an object.
Of course, since the luminous surface of the "Ming Moon" is relatively large, each luminous point on the luminous surface can be regarded as a point light source. They all create shadow areas behind the object. These shadows*** Some areas are not exposed to light at all, which is called the umbra. There is also an area around the umbra that is illuminated by a portion of the light emitted by the light source, called the penumbra.
Therefore, the above phenomenon of "three people facing each other" is caused by the umbra and penumbra. Li Bai not only had the heroic spirit of "raising a glass to invite the bright moon", but also observed carefully and saw that "the shadows form three people". This poem is the concrete unity of the poet's thoughts and feelings and scientific phenomena.
Du Fu also perfectly combines light, shadow and starry sky in "The Night in the Pavilion". "The sound of drums and trumpets at the fifth watch is solemn and solemn, and the shadows of the stars and rivers in the Three Gorges are shaking." People can't help but think of the beautiful stars and the rugged scenery of the Three Gorges. . The refraction and reflection of light are also phenomena of light that were recognized earlier.
The poet Li Bai also observed the phenomenon of refraction and reflection of light. "The Ballad of Mount Lu sent to Lu Shiyu Xuzhou" writes: "The beautiful scenery of "nine folded screens" and "clouds and brocades", the rugged mountain base and the clouds in the sky are reflected in the mirror-like water, and the lakes and mountains are reflected.
The reason why the mountains and clouds are reflected in the water is the result of the reflection of light. Whether it is a transparent object or an opaque object, it must reflect part of the light on its surface.
When a plane is illuminated by parallel light, the reflected light is also parallel. This reflection is specular reflection.
Here, we can regard the "Ming Lake" in the poem as a mirror. The light emitted from point S, after being reflected by the plane mirror, seems to be emitted from point S', and S' is called is the image of S. The "shadow" and "dark light" the poet sees from the water are the images formed by the light of mountains, clouds and other scenery reflected by the lake surface.
From the perspective of an observer on the water, there seems to be a reflective point S' under the water, but in fact S' does not exist. Of course, this kind of poems that describe the phenomenon of light reflection include Li Bai's "Qiupu Song" "I don't know where to find the autumn frost in the bright mirror" and Wen Tingyun's "The empty water carries the slanting light, and the winding island is vast and green."
"The shadow of the solitary sail in the distance is gone in the blue sky, and only the Yangtze River can be seen in the sky." This is a famous line in Li Bai's "Farewell to Meng Haoran in Guangling". The poet's infinite concern for his friends is pinned on "the solitary sail" and the sky. In the "distant shadow".
The "blue sky" in the atmosphere is the result of light refraction. When light enters from one medium to another, at the junction of the two media, part of the light enters the latter medium and changes the original propagation direction. This is the refraction of light.
The atmosphere covering the earth's surface becomes denser closer to the ground and has a greater refractive index. In this medium with uneven density distribution, light does not propagate in a straight line.
We can roughly think that the air on the surface of the earth is composed of many horizontal layers of air, and the density of each layer is different. Of course, the closer the plane is to the horizon, the more obvious the light will be deflected in the atmosphere.
Therefore, Li Bai said it is "the end of the blue sky". There is also a special phenomenon in refraction-the phenomenon of total reflection.
"The flying mirror under the moon, the clouds and sea towers." Li Bai really has a blessed eye.
He also saw the phenomenon of total reflection in the air - a mirage. Under the exaggerated style, a looming mirage seems to appear in front of you.
It is also caused by the propagation of light in uneven air.
When the air pressure is constant, the density of air decreases as the temperature increases, and the refractive index of light also decreases.
In summer, the air temperature above the sea is lower than in the air. When the light emitted from distant mountains and pavilions is emitted into the air, because the refractive index of the lower layer of air is greater than that of the upper layer, the light is constantly refracted and deviates more and more from the normal direction, and the incident angle into the hot air layer continues to increase.
When the incident angle of light increases to a critical angle, total reflection will occur, and people will see distant scenery hanging in the air. Above, we have seen the occurrence of light phenomena based on ancient poetry, and briefly explained the principles.
The poet combines what he sees in life with wonderful scenery and sincere feelings, and completely displays the mystery of nature in front of us. Next, let’s take a look at how sound phenomena and other phenomena are integrated into the scenes of ancient poetry.
Part Three (Sound Phenomenon and Other Phenomena in Ancient Poems) In addition to the changeable light phenomena, there are many wonderful sound phenomena and mechanical and kinematic phenomena in life. The poet loves life and always pays attention to every detail in life. Of course, he also notices these physical phenomena in daily life and expresses them in his poems.
Everyone is very familiar with the line "Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City, the midnight bell rings to the passenger ship" in "Night Mooring at Maple Bridge". This famous line that has been passed down through the ages also contains the phenomenon of sound. . We live in a world full of sound, and people communicate with each other through sound.