The following is a quotation.
Materials for Appreciation of Du Fu's Poems (IV)
Kezhi
The north and south of the thatched cottage are all springs, and the flock of gulls flew in.
The old lady didn't sweep the flower path for the guests. Today, it's only for you. Chai Men hasn't opened it for you yet, but it will open it for you today.
Too far from the city, too far from good food, too thin family background, only old wine.
Shall we ask my old neighbor to join us? Call him through the fence and empty the jar? .
Notes on the title or background of a book.
This poem, full of rich flavor of life, was written in the spring of the second year of Shangyuan (76 1) when Du Fu was fifty years old, according to the Yellow River's Supplement to the History of Du Gongbu Poetry. This is a sentimental chronicle poem, which shows the poet's simple character and hospitable mood. Author's Note: I like Cui Mingfu shows that the "guest" in the poem title refers to Cui Mingfu. The specific situation is unknown. Du Fu's mother's surname is Cui. Some people think that this guest may be a relative of his mother's surname. "Mingfu" is the honorific title of county magistrate in Tang Dynasty. "Passing" means visiting each other and visiting each other.
Sentence solution
The north and south of the thatched cottage are all springs, and the flock of gulls flew in.
In the north and south of the thatched cottage, there are long springs and seagulls flock every day. The first couplet describes the quiet environment and beautiful scenery of the thatched cottage, pointing out the season, place and environment. The word "Du" describes the flooding of the Chunjiang River, giving people a feeling of vastness. Gulls are suspicious. If people have an organic heart, they refuse to approach. In the works of the ancients, they are often the companions of hermits who have no struggle and no plan. Therefore, "Flocks of seagulls Come Day by Day" not only points out the seclusion of the environment, but also writes the truth that the poet is far away from the world and forgets the local conditions and customs; At the same time, it also shows that friends and relatives have vanished, making friends in the cold, only seeing flocks of seagulls and no other tourists, and the leisurely life is inevitably monotonous and lonely. "Shed" refers to the thatched cottage beside Huanhua River in Chengdu. "Spring water" refers to Huanhuaxi, which flows through the thatched cottage.
The old lady didn't sweep the flower path for the guests. Today, it's only for you. Chai Men hasn't opened it for you yet, but it will open it for you today.
The courtyard path is full of flowers and plants, because the welcoming guests have not been cleaned; Because of your arrival, the thatched door opened today. Couplets from the outside to the inside, from outdoor scenery to courtyard scenery, lead to "guests", enhance the real feeling of life with the tone of talking with guests, and show the poet's sincerity in welcoming guests. Its opposite is quite clever. My road is full of petals-I swept it for others, this time, it was swept by the monarch, and I never opened the door for the guests. This time it was opened by the monarch, from top to bottom. "Guest sweeping", cleaning for guests, the ancients used to sweep the path to welcome guests. "Pengmen", the door of the hut.
Too far from the city, too far from good food, too thin family background, only old wine.
Because I live in a remote place, far from the market, the transportation is inconvenient, I can't buy more dishes, and the banquet is not rich. Poor family, no new wine, can only entertain you with thin old wine. The above is a virtual description of the guests, and the following is a real description of the guests. The author abandoned other plots and chose the life scene that can best express the affection between the guest and the host, and deliberately painted it. The host is warm and hospitable, and frequently advises him to drink, but he can't help feeling sorry for the lack of food and wine. We seem to have heard that kind of true and cordial family talk, and there is a harmonious atmosphere between the lines. "Panxi", the dish on the plate. "Nian" originally meant cooked food, and here it generally refers to vegetables. "Taste", one dish is called taste, and more than two kinds are called taste. "Old fermented grains", old brewing next year's turbid wine. "fermented grains", unfiltered wine. The ancients liked to drink new wine, and the poet apologized for the old hospitality.
Shall we ask my old neighbor to join us? Call him through the fence and empty the jar? .
Will the guests drink with the old man next door? If I want to, I will call him through the fence and finish these last few cups together. With the wonderful details of inviting neighbors to entertain, the tail couplet unexpectedly changed its meaning. This reminds people of Tao Yuanming's saying that "when you pass the door, you will call each other more, taking wine as a concern." Without prior invitation, it is a natural pleasure to abandon hypocrisy and affectation in honest and simple interpersonal relationships.
Comments and explanations
This is a neat and smooth melody. The first two couplets are about the arrival of guests, the joy of empty footsteps, and the last two couplets are about hospitality, showing the true feelings of the village family. The article begins with "Flock" and ends with "Neighboring Weng". Structurally, the author considers spatial order and time sequence. From the perspective of space, from outside to inside, from big to small; From the time point of view, it describes the whole process of welcoming and entertaining guests. This connection is natural and seamless. But the first two sentences are about the loneliness of daily life, in contrast to the joyful scene of receiving guests. These two sentences also have the meaning of "xing": using the images of "spring water" and "flock of gulls", an interesting living atmosphere is rendered, revealing the joy of the protagonist when the guests arrive.
Liu Kezhuang's "Hou Cun Shi Hua" said: "If this play is effective, it will be white." It is impossible for Du Fu to play the Yuan Bai style of future generations across time and space. So from what angle and in what sense does Hakka Records play the role of Yuan Bai? In short, Bai Yuan's style refers to a simple and simple poetic style. Throughout the poem, the language is fluent, except for "Pan Xiang", "taste" and "respect for wine", there are no big obstacles in other sentences, especially the use of couplet function words ("Ken He") and common sayings ("Huqu"), which can be judged as "Bai Yuan Style with dramatic effect". In addition, in the first person, the expression of poetry is concise and smooth, natural and cordial, and it is in harmony with the content, forming a cheerful and elegant artistic conception, which is really different from Du Fu's other rhythmic poems. No wonder Liu Kezhuang said it was a dramatic style.