What is the meaning of one kind of lovesickness and two worries? ——Answer: A kind of parting lovesickness, you and I, affect the sorrow of both places.
Source of the work
It comes from "One Cut Plum·Autumn with the Fragrance of Red Lotus Roots and Remaining Jade Mat", which is the work of Li Qingzhao, a female poet in the Song Dynasty.
This poem was written after the poet parted with her husband Zhao Mingcheng. It embodies the author's deep feelings that he could not bear to leave, and reflects the pure heart of a first-married young woman indulging in love. The whole poem has a fresh style, with women's unique deep and sincere emotions, and the "unconventional" expression method, giving people a beautiful enjoyment. It is a delicate and exquisite farewell poem.
Original text of the work
The fragrance of red lotus root lingers in the jade mat in autumn. He undressed Luo Shang lightly and boarded the orchid boat alone. Who in the clouds sent a brocade book? When the wild goose returned, the moon was full on the west tower.
The flowers float and the water flows. One kind of lovesickness, two places of idle sorrow. There is no way to eliminate this feeling, so I just frown, but it is in my heart.
Notes on the work
⑴ One-cut plum, double-tone Xiaoling, six-digit number, there are sentences before and after that use leaf rhyme, and Li Qingzhao’s word has three flat rhymes in the upper and lower parts, which should be Variants. Use flat endings in each sentence, with a low tone and emotion. This tune is also known as "Jade Mat Autumn" because of Li Qingzhao's poem.
⑵ Jade mat (diàn) Autumn: It means that in late autumn, the exquisite bamboo mats are already too cold.
⑶ Lan Zhou: The second volume of "Shu Yi Ji" states: The hard and fragrant magnolia tree is a good material for making boats, so the poet gave the boat the nickname Mulan Boat or Lan Zhou. It is said that "Lanzhou" refers specifically to the bed where one sleeps.
⑷Jin Shu: A good name for letters. "Book of Jin: Biography of Dou Tao's Wife Su" states: Su Hui's brocade is a palindrome poem, a gift to her husband Dou Tao, who was moved to quicksand. This kind of characters woven with brocade is called Jinzi, also known as Jinshu.
⑸Yanzi: When the wild geese are flying, they form the shape of the character "一" or the character "人", hence the cloud.
Translation of the work
The lotus has faded, the fragrance has disappeared, the bamboo mat is as cold as jade, revealing the deep cool autumn, gently take off the tulle skirt, Floating alone in a leaf orchid boat. Looking up at the distant sky, where the white clouds are rolling, who will send the brocade book? It was when the flock of wild geese formed the character "human" and returned southward that the bright moonlight filled the pavilion leaning against it in the west.
Flowers float freely, water drifts freely, a kind of parting lovesickness, you and me, affect the sorrow of both places. Ah, what cannot be ruled out is that - this lovesickness, this sorrow of separation, just disappeared from the slightly frowning eyebrows, and faintly lingered in my heart again.
Creative background
This word is Li Qingzhao's early work, when Zhao Mingcheng went out to study shortly after his marriage. According to "The Story of Lang Huan" written by Yi Shizhen of the Yuan Dynasty, it is quoted from "Wai Zhuan": "Not long after Yi An's marriage, Ming Cheng immediately left for a long journey. Yi An couldn't bear to say goodbye, so he searched for the poem "Yijian Mei" written on a brocade handkerchief. "As a gift."
Appreciation of the work
The opening sentence of the poem, "The fragrance of red lotus roots lingers in the jade mat of autumn", leads to the whole article. Some critics may say that this sentence is like "swallowing plums and chewing snow, but not eating the fireworks of the world" (Liang Shaoren's "Essays of Liangbian Qiuyu'an"), or praise it as "exquisite and unique" (Chen Tingzhuo's "Baiyuzhai Cihua"). The first half of the sentence "The fragrance of red lotus root remains" describes the outdoor scenery, and the second half of the sentence "Jade mat autumn" describes the indoor things, which plays a role in the autumn season, indicating that this is "the time when the weather is already cool but not yet cold" (Korean (Poetry "Already Cool"). The whole sentence has clear colors and rich imagery, which not only depicts the surrounding scenery, but also highlights the poet's feelings. The blooming and falling of flowers is not only a natural phenomenon, but also a human symbol of joys and sorrows; the cold feeling on the pillow is not only the touch between the skin, but also the inner feeling of being alone. This opening sentence, which describes both indoor and outdoor scenery but also contains an implicit affection, shows the environmental atmosphere and emotional color of this poem from the very beginning.
The first six sentences are the first, and the next five sentences are written in sequence about what the poet did, the scenery he touched, and the feelings he had in one day from day to night. The first two sentences, "Easy to undress Luo Shang, and go on an orchid boat alone," describe boating on the water during the day. The word "lonely" implies the situation, which is secretly funny. The sentence "Who in the clouds sent me a brocade book" below expresses the suspense after farewell. The poet boarded the orchid boat alone, originally wanting to relieve the sorrow of separation; but looking sadly at the sky, he was distracted by long-term thoughts. This sentence connects the upper and lower parts. It is closely connected with the previous sentence, which describes what is seen and thought in the boat; and the next two sentences, "When the wild goose returns, the moon is full on the west tower", it is derived from this. It is conceivable that the poet was concerned about the whereabouts of the wanderer and looked forward to the arrival of the brocade book, so he evoked the reverie of the goose feet passing the book from the distant sky. And this feeling and reverie of looking out to the horizon and wandering beyond the imagination, linger in the poet's mind regardless of day or moonlight night, whether on a boat or in a building.
The last three sentences of this poem remind people of other words and sentences, such as "The news is empty in the sun, and sorrow comes on the thrush upstairs" ("Recalling Qin'e" by Zheng Wen's wife Sun) , "Judgment with high eyes, when the wild geese come, you can think infinitely" (Yan Shu's "Revelation of Heartfelt Feelings"), "Trapped in a dangerous building, I feel sad after passing all the flying dragons" (Qin Guan's "Reduced Words Mulan"), and "Speechless Alone" When we go up to the west tower, the moon is like a hook" (Li Yu's "Happy Meeting"), "The bright moon in the Jade Tower makes us remember each other" (Wen Tingyun's "Bodhisattva Man"), "The bright moon, the bright moon, shines so brightly that people who are separated are extremely sad" (Feng Yansi's "Santai Ling") ), the scenes described are very similar. If you connect the starting sentence of this poem, it also reminds people of the Qijue of Li Yi's poem "Writing Love": "The water patterns are precious, and the thoughts are long, and the good times of thousands of miles are rested overnight. From now on, I have no intention of loving the good night, and let him fall under the bright moon. West Building.
"Both the lyrics and poems are written about bamboo mats, moonlight, and the west building. They also express deep-seated lovesickness. In contrast, they feel very similar.
The passage of the poem "Flowers are falling." The sentence "water flows by itself" connects the previous and the following, and the meaning of the word is continuous. It is both a real scene and a metaphor. The scene of falling flowers and flowing water is distantly related to the two sentences "red lotus root and fragrant residue" and "alone on the orchid boat" The life, years, love, and parting it symbolizes give people the feeling of "the flowers fall helplessly" (Yan Shu's "Huanxi Sand"), and "the water flows infinitely like Nong's sorrow" (Liu Yuxi's "Bamboo Branch Poetry") 》). The bottom line of the poem naturally transitions from this sentence to the following five sentences, turning into a monologue that expresses pure feelings and expresses one's heart.
"One kind of lovesickness, two places of idle sorrow." In the second sentence, while writing about the pain of lovesickness and the depth of my own sorrow, I also inferred from myself to the other person, knowing that this kind of lovesickness and sorrow is not one-sided, but two-sided, so as to see the connection between the two hearts. . These two sentences are also a complement and extension of the sentence "Yun Zhong" in the previous sentence, which shows that although the two places are far apart, the love between the two places is the same, which proves the deep love and mutual trust between the two parties. There are also sentences about lovesickness between the two places in previous works, such as Luo Ye's "Er Wild Geese" Part 2, "There are many farewells in the south and the north of the Yangtze River, and I can bear to bear the sorrow of the two places every year." Han Xie's "Youth" poem "Cherry Blossoms" "Thank you for your pear blossoms, your heart is broken and your youth is full of sorrow." These two sentences may have been transformed from these poems, and once they were cast and cut into two four-character sentences with neat sentence patterns and clear meanings, they were completely transformed and turned iron into gold. Effect. These two sentences are both separate and unified. Taken together, from "a kind of lovesickness" to "two places of leisurely sorrow", they are the separation and deepening of the two emotions, indicating this feeling. It is one and two, two and one; its deepening tells that this feeling has changed from "thinking" to "sorrow". It is divided into two places, and the heart has been enveloped in deep sorrow. Of course, it is difficult to relieve this feeling, but "it is just a frown, but it is in the heart."
The three concluding sentences of this poem have always been a human being. Wang Shizhen pointed out in "Hua Cao Meng Shi" that these three sentences were derived from Fan Zhongyan's "Yu Jie Xing" "Everyone comes to this matter, between the eyebrows and in the heart, there is no way to avoid it", and the Ming Dynasty Yu Yan The two sentences in "Long Lovesickness", "It's my turn to miss lovesickness, there is a trace between my eyebrows" are also good at stealing Li Qingzhao's words and phrases. This shows that although poetry creation should avoid imitation, it can enlighten the previous sentences and give them a new look. , integrated into his own works. Successful conversion is always better than the original sentence, not only changing the original sentence, but also surpassing the original sentence. This conversion by Li Qingzhao is a successful example. Wang Shizhen also believes that although the model sentence is better. It is derived from Li's sentence, and Li's sentence is "agent". Comparing the two, Fan's sentence is relatively plain and straight, and cannot attract people's attention to the artistic effect; These two sentences replace the straightforward statement of "between the eyebrows and the heart, there is no way to avoid each other", which gives people a refreshing feeling. Here, "brow" corresponds to "heart", and "caixia" and "queshang" "The composition is ups and downs, the sentence structure is very neat, and the expression technique is also very clever, so it has greater artistic appeal. Of course, the sentence cannot be separated from the chapter. These two four-character sentences are only an organic part of the entire poem and are not unique. It relies on the background of the whole article, especially because it is set against the other two equally skillful four-character sentences "One kind of lovesickness, two places of leisurely sorrow" and complement each other. At the same time, articles are also inseparable from sentences, and the whole article is inspired by these eye-catching sentences. Li Tingji's "Cao Tang Shi Yu Comments on the Forest" calls this word "the semantic meaning is extraordinary and eye-catching". This is the reason why readers are easily attracted by its artistic charm.
Comments from famous experts
Yi Shizhen of the Yuan Dynasty quoted "Wai Zhuan" in the volume of "The Story of Lang Huan": "Not long after Yi An got married, Ming Cheng immediately traveled far away. Yi Anshu couldn't bear to say goodbye, so he found the poem "Yijian Mei" written on a brocade handkerchief to send him off.
Yang Shen of the Ming Dynasty commented on Volume 3 of Yang Jin's "The Remaining Poems in the Thatched Cottage": Tears of separation from love. After reading this, I realized that Gao Zecheng and Guan Hanqing were also imitators.
Volume 3 of Mao Ying's "Ci" of the Ming Dynasty: fragrant, fragile and slippery, naturally authentic.
The five-eyebrow comment in Wu Congxian's "Yu Jun of Thatched Cottage Poems" in the Ming Dynasty: "Sentiment will not go with the word "Goose", Kongjiao has a way of raising the eyebrows." Comment: "Only the brocade book and the word "Yan" should not convey feelings, Therefore, a kind of lovesickness lingers in my brows and my heart."
Wang Shizhen of the Ming Dynasty's "Yanzhou Mountain People's Poetry Commentary" said: "There is no way to eliminate this feeling. The brows are lowered and the heart is at the same time." It can be described as haggard and fragmented.
Volume 2 of "Yu Zhengji of Thatched Cottage Poems" by Shen Jifei of the Ming Dynasty: the original version contains the word "西", which is a seven-character sentence, not in tune. This is a wonderful saying from the Yuefu Dynasty of the Yuan Dynasty. The princes of Guan, Zheng, Bai, and Ma have a solid effect.
Volume 2 of Li Tingji's "Remaining Commentary on the Cottage Poems in the Cottage" of the Ming Dynasty: This word is full of parting feelings, and its meaning is extraordinary and eye-catching.
In the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Chou's application for "Qinghe Painting and Calligraphy Boat" quoted from "Talented Women's Records": a piece of Yi'an's poem manuscript is an old relic of the Secret Pavilion of the Qing Dynasty. The gestures are pure and cute. This poem is also recorded in "Shu Yu Ji", the so-called farewell song? There is no title at the end of the volume, only the word "Dian Ding". The recording is on the left: "(The words are abbreviated, only "Yuemanxilou" is written as "Yuemanlou")". Right tune (one-cut plum blossom).
Volume 10 of "Ancient and Modern Ci Collection" by Xu Shijun of the Ming Dynasty: There is no need to add the word "西" to the word "楼". Liu Bowen's "The wild goose is short and the man is far away, but there is nothing he can do" is also a seven-character sentence, similar to this.
Wang Shizhen of the Qing Dynasty's "Flowers and Grass": Yu Zhongmao's short poem says: "It's my turn to miss lovesickness, and I have no words to say, and a trace of it appears between my eyebrows." Shi Yi'an "only lowers his brows, but it's in his heart", It can be said that this boy is good at stealing.
However, Yi An also derived from Fan Xiwen's words "Everyone has come to this matter, between the eyebrows and in the heart, there is no way to avoid it", and Agent Li heard it.
The Qing Dynasty Shen Xiong's "Ancient and Modern Ci Hua·Ci Bian" Volume 1: Zhou Yongnian said: "Yijian Mei" is only good for Yi An. Liu Houcun also uses the word "Ping" when changing his head, which means "Yu Tiao Wei Ye". If "Who in the clouds sent me a brocade book" is related to "There is no way to eliminate this feeling", the words "lai" and "chu" do not need to rhyme, they both seem to rhyme. But "The moon is full when the geese return to the building", and the word "西" is missing from the word "building". Liu Qingtian said, "There is nothing a man can do if the goose is short." There seems to be no need to add the word "西" to the word "Lou". Nowadays, only the first paragraph of the song is used as an introduction, and the lyricist keeps it monotonous, so it is also called "cut in half". Those who have orchestrated the music of the Dharma can no longer be questioned.
Volume 9 of "Ci Lv" written by Wan Shu in the Qing Dynasty: "Yue Man Lou", or "Yue Man Xi Lou". I don't know that this tune is different from other words. Words such as "Shang", "Si", "Lai", "Chu", etc. do not use rhyme, which is different from the four-paragraph parallelism. The seven-character sentence "雁子" is naturally an ancient tune. Why force it into the secular world and add the character "西" to make up the eight characters? If people want to fill in the sentences that exclude couples, they have to do it in a different way.
Volume 19 of "Ci Lin Chronicle" by Zhang Zongyi of the Qing Dynasty: This is a variation of "Yijian Mei". The fifth sentence of the previous paragraph originally did not have the word "西", but it was added by later generations. The old genealogy said that if one word is removed, it is not true. Also press: "Jiguge Song Ci", this list is included in "Xixiang Yuefu", there is no mistake.
Liang Shaoren of the Qing Dynasty's "Essays of Liangbian Qiuyu'an" Volume 3: Yi An's "One Cut Plum" begins with the seven words "The fragrance of red lotus root remains and the jade mat is in autumn", which means swallowing plums and chewing snow, and not knowing the world. The scene of fireworks is actually an ordinary thing without meaning.
Volume 10 of "Yun Shao Collection" written by Chen Tingzhuo of the Qing Dynasty: The seven-character figure is extremely beautiful, and it is truly unparalleled in the world. Liang Shaoren said: If you only use seven characters, it will be beyond the reach of others. The knot is even more miserable.
Volume 2 of Chen Tingzhuo's "Bai Yu Zhai Ci Hua" of the Qing Dynasty: Yi An's beautiful poems, such as the seven-character cloud in "One Cut Plum": "The fragrance of red lotus roots remains in the jade mat in autumn", which is so exquisite that I really can't eat it. Fireworks in the world.
Kang Zhouyi of the Qing Dynasty wrote in his "Jian Shu Yu Ci": "The Yumei Ci is hidden in the clouds, and Yi An studied the palace rhythm carefully, so why did it come out with rhyme?" Zhou Meicheng relies on sound to pass down his family, which is the key to the Southern and Northern Song Dynasties. The fourth sentence of "Yijian Mei" does not use rhyme, but all the rhymes are in rhyme? It is said that the fourth sentence of "Yijianmei" is the first to be integrated without rhyme. Later authors, who like to have a melodious tone and a harmonious and smooth tone, added this leaf ear.
Volume 1 of Wang Xuechu's "Collection and Collation of Li Qingzhao" in Modern Times: According to another note, when Qingzhao was in charge of Zhao Mingcheng, the two families were in Tokyo. Mingcheng was a student of the Imperial College, and he was able to travel far away. What this statement (referring to "One" in this series' review) is obviously not true. And Li Qingzhao's father (Li Gefei) was called Li Weng. It seems that those who don't know his name are especially ignorant. "Lang Huan Ji" is a fake book and lacks evidence.
About the author
Li Qingzhao, a female poet in the Song Dynasty. No. Yi'an Jushi, a native of Zhangqiu, Qizhou (now part of Shandong). In his early days, he lived a prosperous life, and together with his husband Zhao Mingcheng, he devoted himself to the collection and arrangement of calligraphy, painting and inscriptions. Jin soldiers invaded the Central Plains and lived in the south. Mingcheng died of illness and was left alone. In the early stage of his poems, he mostly wrote about his leisurely life, and in the later stage, he mostly lamented his life experience, with a sentimental mood and also revealed his longing for the Central Plains. In terms of form, he makes good use of line drawing techniques, creates his own channels, and uses clear and beautiful language. The argument emphasizes the law of association, advocates elegance and sentiment, puts forward the saying "don't be a family", and opposes the use of poetry in lyrics. He was also able to write poems, but not many of them have survived. Some of his chapters are timely and historical, and his words are generous, which is different from his style of writing. There are "Collected Works of Yi An" and "Yi An's Ci", which have been lost. Later generations have a compilation of "Shu Yu Ci". Today there is "Li Qingzhao's Collection and Annotations".