Excellent exercises for junior high school expository reading
Qiao Family Courtyard - a bright pearl in the history of northern residential architecture
①Shanxi is known as the land of the earth It is famous for its rich cultural relics and huge underground energy. Nowadays, it has attracted the world's attention with its continuous discovery of the master's traditional architectural art, the most famous of which is the Qiao Family Courtyard.
② Qiao Family Courtyard is located in Qiaojiabao Village, Qi County, Shanxi Province, 54 kilometers away from Taiyuan in the north and only 2 kilometers away from Dongguan Town in the south. It also says that "in the middle hall" is the residence of Qiao Zhiyong, a nationally famous commercial and financial capitalist in the Qing Dynasty. It was first built during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. Afterwards, it was renovated twice and expanded once. A complex of buildings was completed in the Republic of China.
③The compound is a fully enclosed volunteer-style building complex, covering an area of ??10,642 square meters and a construction area of ??4,175 square meters. It is divided into 6 large courtyards, 20 small courtyards, and 313 houses. The compound faces the street on three sides and is not connected to the surrounding residential buildings. The outer periphery is a closed brick wall, more than 10 meters high. The upper floor is a female wall-style crenelation, and there are watchtowers and gazebos dotting it, making it appear majestic and majestic. The gate faces east from the west, with a tall tower above it and a city gate-like doorway in the middle. Opposite the gate is a brick wall with a picture of a hundred years of longevity. Beyond the gate is a stone-paved corridor running east-west. Walls surround platforms on both sides of the corridor. At the end of the corridor is the ancestral hall, opposite the gate, with a temple-like structure. The three courtyards in the north all have verandahs, eaves gates, dark lattice columns, and three large bays, which are more than enough for cars and sedans to come in and out. There are horse-tying posts and horse-mounting stones on the outside of the door. Counting from east to west, they are the old courtyard, the northwest courtyard, and the northwest courtyard. Study courtyard. All courtyards have a front-side structure, with the owner living in the main courtyard, and the side courtyards housing guest rooms, servants' quarters, and kitchens. Architecturally, the side courtyard is relatively low, and the structure of the house is also very different. The main house is a tile-roofed house with eaves, while the side courtyard is a bungalow with square brick paving. Architecturally layered. The compound has four main buildings and six gate towers, watch towers and gazebo towers. The rooms in each hospital are connected by walkways, making it easier to patrol and protect the hospital at night.
④ Throughout the Qiao Family Courtyard, there are brackets and cornices, colorful decorations and gold paintings, sophisticated architecture, exquisite craftsmanship, and the overall shape of "囍", which embodies the unique style of northern folk residences in the Qing Dynasty in my country. Therefore, this compound is praised by experts and scholars as "a bright pearl in the history of northern residential architecture."
⑤The royal family has the Forbidden City, and the private residences are Qiao’s. Nowadays, the Qiao Family Courtyard has become a famous folklore resort at home and abroad, and it has also become a treasured place for many film and television dramas to compete for the camera.
(Selected from Shanxi Tourism Network)
1. The architectural features of Qiao’s courtyard are: fully enclosed, looking down, the entire courtyard looks like a . (3 points)
2. If the series of numbers in paragraph ③ truly and accurately illustrate the large and orderly building complex of the Qiao Family Courtyard, then the underlined sentence in the article uses the explanation method , highlighted vividly and vividly
. (2 points)
3. What role does the last sentence of paragraph ①, "The most famous of which is the Qiao Family Courtyard," play in the structure of the text? (2 points)
4. Can the fifth paragraph of the article be deleted and why? (3 points)
5. After the TV series "Qiao Family Courtyard" became popular, this "bright pearl" became even more dazzling. Please draft an advertising slogan for the Qiao Family Courtyard Sanjin Juzhai. The language is required to be concise and vivid, with a certain degree of creativity. (Do not use the original sentence) (2 points)
Reference answers:
1. The castle-like building complex has a majestic "囍" shape and is majestic and tall
2 .Compare the important position of Qiao Family Courtyard in the history of northern residential architecture
3. Transitional role, prompting the key points of the following explanation
4. No. Paragraph 5 explains the cultural value and practical significance of the Qiao Family Courtyard.
5. Example: Qiao, a business prodigy, has great ambitions and connects the world. The Qiao Family Courtyard, a famous Chinese residence, has a long history and is famous both at home and abroad
Chinese spring in ancient poetry
< p>Among the four seasons, people’s favorite is spring. The beautiful spring scenery full of vitality and blooming flowers naturally became the object of the poet's passionate chanting. And these ancient chapters have become excellent materials for people to understand the characteristics of my country's spring climate.Spring is coming quickly in our country. "The Beginning of Spring" by Bai Yuchan of the Song Dynasty said: "The east wind blows away the snow on the plum blossoms, restoring spring all over the world overnight." Li Shi of the Song Dynasty wrote this poem in "The Beginning of Spring in December": "Plate buckwheat spring cakes, Plum blossoms in a vase with snowy branches. “The east wind in the poem is the spring breeze. It can be seen that although spring is coming to the world urgently, the snow is still melting on the earth and the ice has not yet melted. Look how quickly spring comes! The most wonderful poem of this kind is "Ode to the Willow" written by He Zhizhang in Chang'an during the Tang Dynasty: "The jasper is as high as a tree, and thousands of green silk ribbons hang down. I don't know who cuts the thin leaves. The spring breeze in February is like scissors." The poet. When I looked at the willows two days ago, the branches were still bare, but today I saw that the young leaves have sprouted from the buds. It turns out that this is because the temperature in the north heats up quickly in spring and the phenology changes rapidly.
From March 20 to 21, 2001, I also saw the willow trees in Zizhuyuan Park in Beijing when they leafed out within two days. It is precisely because willow trees grow leaves so quickly in spring that poets use words like scissors to describe them, which are reminiscent of fast movements. Cen Shen of the Tang Dynasty wrote in "Bai Xue Ge Sends Magistrate Wu Back to the Capital": "Suddenly a spring breeze came overnight, and thousands of pear blossoms bloomed on the trees." People can generally accept this metaphor, which means that there are indeed plants in our lives. The fact that it blooms quickly in spring.
Spring arrives sooner or later in the north and south of my country. "The spring breeze turns green on the south bank of the river" in Wang Anshi of the Northern Song Dynasty's "Mooring the Boat on Guazhou" is a beautiful line that has been passed down through the ages. The purpose of quoting it here is to illustrate that not all the land of China is blown green by the spring breeze at the same time. If the average temperature for five consecutive days is stable above 10°C as the standard for the start of spring, then spring will arrive in Changsha at 280 north latitude on March 10, in Wuhan at 300 north latitude, spring will arrive on March 3, and in Nanjing at 320 north latitude, spring will arrive on March 10th. Spring came belatedly on March 25th. It can be seen that the steps of spring are sequential. When "the spring breeze turns green again on the south bank of the river", the northeastern land is still in the harsh winter of "thousands of miles of ice and thousands of miles of snow drifting", but Guangdong has bid farewell to spring and entered the deep green summer. In fact, ancient poets had already discovered that spring arrives at different times in the north and south. For example, Zhang Jingzhong of the Tang Dynasty said in "Bian Ci": "Spring in Wuyuan comes late, and the weeping poplar trees in February are not hanging silk. Now the ice on the riverside is blooming, and it is the time when the flowers are falling in Chang'an." Modern meteorological data shows that Xi'an is about 3 Spring has begun in late April, but in Wuyuan, Inner Mongolia, which has a higher latitude, spring will arrive as late as around April 20. Therefore, when the river ice in Wuyuan had just melted, Chang'an, the imperial capital, had already turned purple, and it was almost late spring.
The spring in my country is changeable. The poet Wu Tao of the Song Dynasty told such a strange thing in his "Quatrains": "The wanderer has already tried on his spring clothes, and the peach blossoms have all flown away, and the wild plum blossoms are sour. The strange thing is that the frogs have been resting all night, and the east wind has been cold for ten days." The warm weather makes people happy. I have already put on my single clothes, all the peach blossoms have fallen, the wild plums are bearing seeds, and the sound of frogs has been heard in the fields, but suddenly, the sound of frogs has disappeared: this is called "late spring cold" in meteorology. Xiao Li of the Song Dynasty vividly described the disasters caused by the "late spring cold" in "Sigh of Spring Cold". "Who will be able to plant the fields this year? The cows will be frozen if they depend on them. If you don't see the neighbor, he will die at eighty. Last night we cried for the cows like weeping for sons." The night was getting darker, the cold wind was howling, and the cattle that depended on them for survival had frozen to death. The miserable cry of an eighty-year-old man was carried in the wind, which was heartbreaking. Why does the phenomenon of "late spring cold" occur? Because our country often has cold air coming south from Siberia in spring. If there is less cold air in the early stage and the spring warms up quickly, once the strong cold air from the north that has accumulated for a long time moves south, there will be a strong seasonal reversal, and severe cold weather will appear again in the spring.
The ancient poets had a very rich understanding of my country’s spring. Their poems describing China’s spring are not only literary but also scientific treasures in the world’s cultural treasure house. (Selected from "Selected Chinese Loose-Leaf Essays", with changes)
1. Read the full article and summarize the three characteristics of my country's spring climate. (3 points)
(1)
(2)
(3)
2. Why does the second paragraph include what the author saw in Zizhuyuan Park in Beijing? (2 points)
3. The incorrect analysis of the dotted words in the following sentences is ( ) (3 points)
A. "It can be seen that the steps of spring are sequential." The "steps" in the sentence use personification rhetoric to vividly illustrate the arrival of spring, and the language is vivid.
B. "Spring has begun in Xi'an around late March." The "approximately" in the sentence indicates that the specific time of spring in Xi'an is not fixed every year. This is consistent with objective facts and the language is accurate.
C. "Severe cold weather will appear again in spring." The word "again" in the sentence illustrates the characteristics of "falling into spring cold" and emphasizes the meaning of "falling".
D. "And scientifically it is also a treasure in the world's cultural treasure house." The "and" in the sentence shows that the literary value of ancient poetry far exceeds the scientific value.
4. In the fourth paragraph, two ancient poems are quoted to illustrate the climate characteristics of spring in my country. Why does the author first quote Wu Tao's "Queju" and then Xiao Li's "Spring Cold Sigh"? (3 points)
5. Our country's climate is very complex. In addition to the introduction of this article, what other characteristics of spring in our country can you discover from the following poems? Please choose one and write about your findings. (3 points)
(1) Far above the Yellow River, among the white clouds, there is an isolated city called Wanren Mountain. Why bamboo flute complain willow, spring is not degree Pass.
(Wang Zhihuan's "Liangzhou Ci")
(2) The beauty of April in the world is gone, and the peach blossoms in the mountain temple are beginning to bloom. I often regret that I have no place to look for when I return in spring, and I don’t know where to turn.
(Bai Juyi's "Peach Blossoms in Dalin Temple")
I chose the song (), and what I found is:
Reference answer:
1.(3 points)
(1) Spring in our country comes quickly; (1 point)
(2) Spring in the north and south of my country comes early and late; (1 point)
(3) The spring in my country is changeable. (1 point)
2. (2 points)
By giving examples, it is emphasized that the characteristic of "our country's spring comes quickly" does exist and is convincing. (Just make sense)
3. (3 points)
D
4. (3 points) (Just agree) (2 points)
The reason for quoting Wu Tao's "Quatrains" is to explain the phenomenon of "late spring cold", and later quoting Xiao Li's "Sigh of Spring Cold" to illustrate the disasters caused by "late spring cold". Talking about phenomena first and then disasters is in line with people’s cognitive rules. (Just agree) 15. (3 points)
5. (1) In some arid areas in northwest my country, due to the too dry climate, there is no spring phenological phenomenon. (Just agree)
(2) Due to the different heights of the terrain, the arrival time of spring is also different. (Just agree)
Han Culture and Chopsticks
Du Xuan
① On the Double Ninth Festival, everyone is eating Double Ninth Cake. Some eat it with their hands; some cut it hard and eat it with a fork; some eat it with chopsticks. Seeing everyone's different ways of eating reminds me of the relationship between Chinese culture and chopsticks. So write this bit of text.
② In human society, there are three ways of eating. One is with your hands. This is a natural way of eating. Babies, for example, will naturally eat with their hands without any instruction from their mother. The second is to use a knife and fork. This is of course a tool that only existed after humans invented fire and smelted iron. After people use knives and forks to catch local prey, they roast it on the fire, then use forks and knives to cut and eat it. This is a much better step than catching it with hands. The third is to eat with chopsticks. How this eating utensil evolved remains to be verified. Chopsticks are operated with hands, and the hands are connected to the brain; some people say that children learning to use chopsticks can promote brain development. Chopsticks are a characteristic of Han culture. Only countries influenced by Han culture use chopsticks.
③ In today’s world, except for China, Japan, North Korea, Vietnam and Singapore, which are directly influenced by Han culture, the rest of Asia eats with their hands. Some other ethnic groups in China, such as the Uyghurs, also eat with their hands. Most people in Africa eat with their hands. Caucasians in Europe, the United States, and Australia all eat with knives and forks. Only the local indigenous people eat with their hands.
④ Chopsticks, formerly known as "箸". In my hometown of Jiangxi, there are still places where chopsticks are still called chopsticks. I don’t know exactly when our ancestors gave up eating with their hands and knives and forks. From the book, we found that "Zhou is an elephant chopstick, and Jizi is Xi". This means that King Zhou used ivory to make chopsticks, and Jizi felt very worried and sad. The original intention was to criticize Zhou Wu's extravagance. Therefore, we know from this statement that chopsticks were already used in the Shang Dynasty. But before that, it remains to be verified in which era the use of chopsticks began.
⑤ Since chopsticks are called chopsticks, why do most people now call them chopsticks instead of chopsticks? It is said that this was started by the boat people. Ships in the past were all made of wood. Driving on the Yangtze River is not only very slow but also dangerous. When I was a child, I often heard people say: "It is dangerous to sail on a boat or a horse." Boat people are superstitious, so they have some taboos. When sailing, people with the surname Chen are only allowed to say Erdong, not Chen, because "Chen" has the same pronunciation as "Shen", and you can't say "turn over" on the boat, you can only say "turn around", because the word "turn" is taboo on the boat. "箸" has the same pronunciation as "Zhu". The boat must move fast and cannot "Zhao", so "箸" should not be used. The antonym of "live" is fast, so "箸" was changed to "kuai" on the ship, but "kuai" is an adjective, so the word "chopsticks" was created. Why use the prefix bamboo? Because chopsticks are made of bamboo.
⑥ The knives and forks on today’s Western dining table are a shortened version of the knives and forks of the past. Although the knives and forks on some wealthy people's tables are made of gold or silver, or even inlaid with precious stones, and are carefully made by famous craftsmen. They are placed on the white tablecloth and shine brightly. Mark of. The chopsticks are an extension of the hand, which has long been alienated from the primitive wildness.
1. In paragraph ②, "Some people say that children learning to use chopsticks can promote brain development." Is it okay to remove the words "some people say" from this sentence? Why? (3 points)
2. Write down the three main explanation methods used in this article. (3 points)
3. Based on the meaning of paragraph ④, can it be understood as "China has used chopsticks for more than 3,000 years." Please explain why. (2 points)
4. Which way of eating is more civilized, using chopsticks or using a knife and fork? Discuss your understanding based on the meaning of the text. (3 points)
Reference answers:
1. (3 points) No. (1 point) "Some people say" indicates that it is just a theory and has not been confirmed. Remove the three words and make it an affirmative statement. The description is inaccurate.
(2 points)
2. (3 points, 1 point for each blank) Divide into categories, give examples and make comparisons
3. (2 points) No. (1 point) From ancient books, we know that chopsticks were used in the Shang Dynasty, but it remains to be verified when they started. (1 point)
4. (3 points) Use chopsticks to be more civilized (1 point). The knives and forks on today's Western food are a shortened version of the knives and forks of the past, but they still cannot escape their primitive and wild traces. Chopsticks are an extension of the hand and have long been alienated from the original wild nature.
(2 points)