See wheat cutting (1)
The Tian family has less leisure in the month, and people are twice as busy in May.
At night, the south wind rises and the wheat turns yellow.
The mother-in-law pays for food (3), and the child carries the pot pulp (4).
Go with Tian Xiang [5] and Ding Zhuang is in Nangang [6].
Summer is steaming, rustic, burning behind, burning in the sky,
I don't know if it's hot or not, but I regret that summer is long.
There are poor women holding their children,
Hold the ear in your right hand, and hang the basket in your left arm.
Listening to the words he cares about is sad.
Jia Tian did his best to reduce taxes, which was enough to satisfy his hunger.
Today, I have no merit (⒂), and I have never participated in farming and mulberry (⒃).
⒄ There are three hundred stones, and ⒅ there is surplus grain when I was young.
I'm ashamed of it, and I can't forget it all day.
Sentence annotation
(1) cut (y): cut. The title bet is "At that time, I was the county magistrate".
⑵ Cover (fu) long (lǒng) yellow: cover the ridge when the wheat is yellow. Cover: cover. Dragon: the same as "ridge", here refers to planting crops in farmland.
The ridge here refers to the wheat field.
⑶ Auntie: Daughter-in-law and mother-in-law, generally referring to women here. Lotus: Rice in a bamboo basket. H: shoulders, shoulders. Food: the food in the basket. Zuo Zhuan Gong Xuan Two Years: "I want to eat for it, and I want to be with it."
(4) Childishness (zhi): children carry soup and water jiāng the pot. Slurry: a slightly sour drink in ancient times, sometimes referring to rice wine or soup.
5. Pay (m \u ng) Tian: Send meals to people who work in the fields. The poem "Jishi Village" written by Wei Zhuang in the former Shu Dynasty: "Where does the land go when the cattle whistle?"
[6] Ding Zhuang: A young man. Historical Records Biography of Officials: (Zi Chan) died in the twenty-sixth year of Zheng. Ding Zhuang wailed, and the old man cried and said,' I went to give birth and died! Will people go home safely? "Nangang (gāng): place name.
(7) Steaming the summer heat rusts the back, scorching the sky: the feet are smoked by the hot air on the ground, and the back is roasted by the scorching sun.
(8) Dan: Only. Cherish: hope.
(9) refers to farmers who are working. Side: Same as "side".
⑽ Bing (bǐng) Sui Zuo: Holding the ear of wheat picked from the ground. Bing, take it. Ear loss refers to the ears of grain left in the field after harvest.
⑾ hanging: carrying it. Our (b √) basket: broken basket.
⑿ Care for each other: Look at each other and tell each other. C: Look, look.
[13] Audience: Bai Juyi refers to himself. Wèi: Sadness (omitting "ambition").
[14] Shu √: House rental tax. Lose, pass, extend to give, give. "Biography of Liang Shu and Zhang Chong": "Half a hectare of land is enough to lose taxes. A five-acre house, a mulberry house. "
⒂ I: refers to the author himself.
He has never worked in agriculture or mulberry: he has never worked in agricultural production. Zeng: All the time, never. Things: engage in. Agriculture and mulberry industry: agriculture and sericulture.
Officer (Li) Lu (lù) 300 stone (Dan): At that time, Bai Juyi was appointed as the magistrate of Zhouzhi County, with an annual salary of about 300 stone meters. Stone: an ancient unit of capacity, with ten barrels as one stone. Official salary: the salary of an official. Historical Records: "Measure the wealth of officials, use it for officials, and accept it for the people. "
Yan: At the end of the year. Yan, it's late
Read this: think about this.
⒇ All day: All day, all day.
Vernacular translation
Farmers have no leisure all year round, and they are even busier in May.
A warm south wind blew at night, and the wheat in the field was covered with ridges and ripe yellow.
Women carry food in baskets, and children carry jars full of water and soup.
Men accompany them to deliver meals in the fields and work in Nanshan.
The feet were smoked by the heat on the ground, and the back was baked by the hot sun.
Exhausted, don't feel hot, just cherish summer.
I saw a poor peasant woman, holding her child and following others.
He held the picked ears of wheat in his right hand and hung a broken basket in his left arm.
Listening to her talk about her family made everyone feel sorry for her.
In order to pay taxes, I sold the land and ate my hunger by picking up wheat ears.
What are my advantages now? I have never raised or picked mulberry trees.
The salary is 300 stone a year, and there will be surplus grain at the end of the year.
I am ashamed to think of these things, and I will never forget them day and night.
Creation background
Guan Men Mai is a famous satirical poem written by the author in his early years. This poem was written in the first year of Yuanhe in Tang Xianzong (805) to the second year of Yuanhe (806). It was written by Bai Juyi when he was a county magistrate in Ku (now zhouzhi county, Shaanxi Province), feeling that the local people were working hard and living in poverty. The county commandant is responsible for catching thieves and collecting taxes in the county. It is precisely because Bai Juyi is in charge of this matter that he knows best the disasters suffered by working peasants in this respect. [5]
Overall appreciation
This poem is clear in narration, natural in structure, clear in hierarchy and strong in logic. At the beginning of the poem, the background is explained first, indicating that May is the busy season for wheat harvest. Then write down that women lead their children to the fields to give food and water to young people who are cutting wheat. Later, it described young farmers cutting wheat with their heads down in Nangang wheat field, fumigating their feet with the heat, and baking their backs in the hot sun. They are tired and don't feel hot, but they just cherish the long days in summer and can do more work. At this point, the farmer's hard work has been strongly demonstrated. Then I described another sad scene: a poor woman, with a child in her arms and a broken basket in her hand, was picking wheat by the wheat harvester. The reason why she wants to pick up wheat is because her family's fields have been sold out and she has to pay official tax. Now there is no land to plant and no wheat to harvest, so she has to pick up wheat to satisfy her hunger. These two scenes are intertwined, with both differences and connections: the former reveals the hardships of farmers, while the latter reveals heavy taxes. Since heavy taxes have made poor women lose their fields, they will also make this peasant family who is cutting wheat lose their fields. Today's wheat pickers are yesterday's wheat pickers; Today's wheat harvesters may become tomorrow's wheat harvesters.
Strong irony is self-evident. The poet linked the pain of farmers' life with the ease of his own life, feeling ashamed and unable to calm down for a long time. This lyric text is the essence of the whole poem. It is the product of the author's touching feelings and shows the poet's deep sympathy for the working peasants. Bai Juyi wrote satirical poems with the aim of "only making people sick, and I hope the emperor knows." In this poem, he made a sharp contrast between the peasants and himself as a court official with his own personal feelings, that is, he hoped that the "son of heaven" was affectionate and tactful, which could be described as well-intentioned.
Bai Juyi is the master of art who is best at writing narrative poems. His. Narrative poems can express all people's feelings and things, and write the events described in them in twists and turns. Moreover, his narrative poems always contain the revelation of the soul, so they always contain feelings. Although he didn't write much in Watching the Wheat Harvest, he vividly described the hard and painful life scenes of the wheat harvesters and gleaner during the summer harvest. Not only wrote things, but also wrote hearts, including the author's own heart and the hearts of working peasants. The poet's heartstrings were obviously shaken and trembled by the tragic scene he heard and witnessed, so he raised his pen to express his feelings directly, and his lines were full of sympathy and pity for the workers. Poems such as "It's full of rustic heat, and the sun is shining on my back" and "My family's taxes are all gone, so I can take this to satisfy my hunger" contain the author's infinite sympathy and compassion.
Therefore, in the narrative of this poem "Looking at Wheat", there is the infiltration of the author's feelings and the beating of his heart, and the author's heart is integrated with what he tells. What is commendable is that the author can truly write about the working peasants, and at the same time, he can truly write about the inner feelings of the working peasants, especially depicting the abnormal psychology of the working peasants in a certain situation and profoundly revealing the theme of the poem. In The Charcoal Man, "Poor man's clothes are simple, but he is worried about charcoal, wishing it would be cold", describing the abnormal psychology of the old man who sells charcoal because of food and clothing. "I don't know the heat when I'm exhausted, but I regret the long summer" in "Watching Wheat Cutting" is also a kind of abnormal psychology. This kind of description depicts the working peasants' hearts in detail and goes deep into the details. The perfect unity of writing and writing in poetry is more shocking than the general unity of narrative and lyric. Bai Juyi is also an expert in using contrast techniques.
In his poetry creation, he not only compared the poverty and kindness of the working peasants with the luxury tyranny of the landlord class, but also compared his own ease with the poverty of the working peasants. After writing about the hardships and pains of farmers in the hot summer, the poet also thought of himself, feeling that he had no "merit" and "didn't work for farmers and mulberry", but he was paid "three hundred stones" and still had "surplus grain" by the end of the year, so he was "ashamed of it and couldn't forget it every day". It was very rare for poets to take the initiative to compare with farmers at that time. This contrast is really novel, accurate, commendable and thought-provoking, which shows the ideological height of this poem.