How to taste ancient poetry

The answer should naturally be given according to the requirements of the test questions. As far as the appreciation of ancient poems is concerned, it can be roughly summarized into five question-and-answer modes. This paper analyzes them with examples for your reference. The first mode analyzes the artistic conception: what artistic conception did this poem create? Question variant: What kind of picture does this poem depict? What thoughts and feelings did the poet express? Answer analysis: This is one of the most common questions. The so-called artistic conception refers to the imaginary realm created by the combination of objects (that is, images) that entrust the poet's feelings. Including scenery, emotion and environment. Three aspects are indispensable when answering questions. Steps for answering questions: ① Describe the picture shown in the poem. Candidates should grasp the main scenery in the poem and reproduce the picture in their own language. When describing, one should be faithful to the original poem, the other should be recreated with one's own association and imagination, and the language should be beautiful. ② Summarize the characteristics of the atmosphere created by the scenery. Generally, two disyllabic words can be used, such as lonely and cold, quiet and beautiful, vigorous and magnificent, bleak and desolate, etc. , and should pay attention to accurately reflect the characteristics and emotional appeal of the scenery. ③ Analyze the author's thoughts and feelings. Don't be empty, but give specific answers. For example, it is not enough to answer "expressing the author's sentimental feelings", but also to answer "sentimental" why. Questioning method: What kind of expression is used in this poem? Title change: please analyze the expression (or artistic technique, or technique) of this poem. How do poets express their feelings? What's the effect? Solution analysis: Expression technique is a method used by poets to express their feelings. To answer questions accurately, you must be familiar with some common expression skills. Expression techniques can be divided into three categories: lyric techniques, descriptive techniques and rhetorical techniques. There are two kinds of lyric techniques: direct expression and indirect lyric. They are: (1) set off, positive contrast and negative contrast. Just like "Peach Blossom Pond is deeper than thousands of feet, not as good as Wang Lun". This contrast is also dynamic and static, such as "moonlight in pine forest, crystal stone in stream"; The sound is silent, such as "the sunrise scares the bird, when it flows in spring"; Sad emotions are set off by happy scenes, such as "green grass stains the steps in spring and birds sing happily under the leaves" (2) Lenovo and imagination, also known as the combination of reality and reality, such as "wild flowers stay rare, green grass sees clothes." (3) comparison. (4) draw a line. For example, "if you plant a millet in spring, you will reap 10 thousand seeds in autumn." There is no idle field in the field, and farmers starve to death. "Rhetorical devices that often appear in ancient poetry: (1) Bi Xing. Such as "Guan Guan Luo Yu, in Hezhou. The beautiful and virtuous woman is a good spouse of a gentleman. "Let's talk about what other things caused the singing. (2) metaphor. (3) personification. (4) exaggeration. ⑤ Pun. For example, "sunrise in the east and rain in the west, the road is sunny but sunny", and "sunny" means emotional "affection". (6) allusions. For example, "a strong woman in business doesn't know how to hate her country, but she still sings" backyard flowers "across the river. "In addition, there are rhetorical questions, rhetorical questions, irony and so on. Answer steps: (1) Point out exactly what technique was used. (2) Explain why this technique is combined with poetry. (3) This technique effectively conveys the poet's feelings. The third mode analyzes the linguistic features: What are the linguistic features of this poem? Question variant: Please analyze the language style of this poem. On the language art of this poem. Solution analysis: this question type does not require trying to figure out the clever use of individual words, but tastes the language style of the whole poem. Words that can be used to answer questions generally include: fresh and natural, unpretentious, gorgeous and gorgeous, clear and fluent, multi-spoken, euphemistic and implicit, bold and unrestrained, graceful and graceful in style, concise and vivid ... Answer steps: (1) Accurately point out the language features with one or two words. (2) Analyze this feature with relevant sentences in the poem. (3) Point out how the author's feelings are expressed. The fourth mode is to refine the font and ask: What is the most vivid word in this couplet? Why? Problem variant: one sentence has always been praised. What do you think of it? Solution analysis: the ancients paid attention to refining words in poetry, which is to ask for the beauty of these refining words. When answering questions, you can't talk about this word in isolation, but put it in sentences to analyze the artistic conception and emotion of the whole poem. Answer steps: (1) Explain the meaning of words in sentences. (2) Expand the association and put the word in the original sentence to describe the scene. (3) point out what kind of artistic conception the word sets off, or what kind of feelings it expresses. The fifth mode is "one word leads the whole poem": one word is the key to the whole poem, why? Solution analysis: ancient poetry is very particular about conception, and often a word or a word constitutes the clue of the whole poem. Grasping this word proposition can often test the examinee's grasp of the whole poem. Answer steps: The role of the word (1) in highlighting the main idea. (2) Consider the role of words in the structure of poetry. The expression skills commonly used in ancient poems and songs are listed as 1. Direct lyricism refers to the author's direct narration of his strong inner feelings in the text, so that the strong emotional torrent can be poured out directly. 2. Lyricism by borrowing scenery is an indirect lyric, which expresses the author's feelings through the description of real scenery. 3. Expressing meaning by things is an indirect lyric. Expressing meaning by things means expressing one's wishes and aspirations through the description and narration of things. 4. The blending of scenery melts the author's subjective feelings in the description of scenery, so that poetry can achieve "the unity of things and me", and it is impossible to tell which is "scenery" and which is "emotion". 5. The combination of static and dynamic refers to the description of dynamic or relatively static people, events and scenes. 6. Comparing static and dynamic is one of the methods of comparison, that is, describing, rendering and comparing static and dynamic, that is, expressing dynamic in dynamic description. 7。 Writing sadness in a music scene is one of the methods of contrast, ostensibly describing a happy scene, but actually expressing a sad mood. 8. In the process of discussion or lyricism, the poem based on scenery came to an abrupt end, and it turned to writing scenery, ending with scenery instead of emotion, which made the poem "ruthless at this time is better than emotion", which is still lacking. 9. Layout means that "Fu" in The Book of Songs means that the narrator tells the truth by telling the truth "means telling the story from many angles. 10. Render one of the techniques of traditional Chinese painting, and then use it to refer to writing techniques such as emphasizing and repeating in many aspects in literary and artistic creation to highlight people and environment. 1 1. The positive contrast in comparison is originally one of the traditional painting techniques in China. Also known as "clouds shine on the moon". Post-borrowing refers to a writing technique, that is, to highlight a certain emotion or image of a character through the description of a specific environment and atmosphere. Specifically, it means not saying the original intention, but only saying things related to it, so as to achieve the purpose of setting off the original intention. This technology is often combined with rendering technology, which is easy to be confused. 12. Huadian (transformation) reprocesses the written works of predecessors and the oral language created by the masses, giving them new content and artistic conception. It can be divided into three types: word articulation, content sublimation and artistic conception development. 13. Using allusions is also called using things. It refers to a rhetorical way of quoting words from historical stories or ancient books to understand one's own views. The use of allusions is both explicit and implicit. 14. The combination of reality and fiction, true writing, refers to the direct and positive narrative and description of people or things. Fictional writing refers to narrative and description with marginal notes or contrast. The combination of reality and fiction, that is, the two techniques are used simultaneously in narrative and description. 15。 When we praise or criticize something, in order to convince others in advance or prevent others from refuting it, we often criticize what we want to praise from a certain shortcoming and praise what we want to criticize from a certain advantage. This rhetorical device is called inhibition. There are two kinds of inhibition: 1. If you want to suppress it first; If you want to suppress the law, you should be promoted first. 16. Reduplicated words use the same polyphonic words in succession for the need of expression. This rhetorical device is called reduplication. 17. In the context of intertextuality, two relatively independent words complement and penetrate each other in meaning, and * * * expresses a complete meaning. This figure of speech is called intertextuality. There are two common forms of intertextuality: seeing in sentences and seeing in sentences. Translation is easy to make mistakes, so pay special attention to it. 18. Image combination (montage-style picture combination) Montage is the expression form and method of film art, which mainly refers to life fragments and scenes connected by lens groups. The scene changes from time to time with the development of the plot, giving people a clear sense of image. 19. Line drawing and meticulous line drawing were originally a kind of brushwork to outline objects with pure ink lines and no color in China ink painting. Later, it was borrowed from literary writing, which refers to a description method of drawing vivid and vivid images with concise pen and ink without rendering. Meticulous brushwork, originally a brushwork of painting, later refers to the meticulous and colorful depiction.