Author: Liu Zongyuan
The mountains by the sea are like swords,
Qiu Lai cut his heart everywhere.
If you want to become hundreds of billions,
Climb to the top and see your hometown.
Watch the mountains with Master Haochu to send relatives and friends to Beijing;
h I pàn Jiān shān sìJiàn máng，
This is a good example.
ruwéI Huàdéshn qiān yì
This is a good example.
See the mountains and rivers with Master Haochu and send relatives and friends to Beijing;
The sharp mountain by the sea is like a sword, cutting people's minds in autumn everywhere. How can we turn this body into Qian Qian and scatter it to every mountain peak to pay tribute to our hometown!
Interpreting the words "seeing the mountains and sending relatives and friends to Beijing" with Master Hao Chu;
(1) Same as: Hao Chu: The author's friend, a native of Tanzhou (now Changsha, Hunan), is a disciple of Zen Master Long Anhai. From He Lin to Longcheng to see Liu Zongyuan. Master: Used as a title of respect for monks. Mountain: refers to the peak near Liuzhou. Jinghua: The capital Chang 'an. Relatives: relatives, old friends
(2) Waterfront: riverside and edge. Liuzhou is in the south, near the sea, so it is called the seaside. Máng: the tip of the sword, the sharp part at the top of the sword. "Jade Piece" Volume 18: "Sui, blade end."
(3) Autumn: Autumn. Cut: cut. Sadness: homesickness is like heartbreak.
(4) if: if. Incarnation: Liu Zongyuan is proficient in Buddhist scriptures, and Master Haochu is a disciple of Zen Master Long Anhai. The author naturally associates with the saying that "Tao becomes flesh" in Buddhist scriptures to show homesickness. Hundreds of billions: talk a lot. "The Book of Songs, Elegant and False Music": "The blessing of Wanbao, hundreds of billions of descendants."
5] scattered: drifting. A "casual". Peak: The top of a mountain. Look: Look into the distance. Hometown: This refers to Chang 'an, and the author's hometown is in Hedong.
Seeing the mountains and rivers with Master Haochu and sending relatives and friends to Beijing;
This poem was written in Liuzhou. Liu Zongyuan has been homesick and depressed since he changed from Yongzhou Sima to Liuzhou Secretariat. In order to get rid of his troubles, on a crisp autumn day, he climbed the mountain with his friend monk Haochu, and saw the mountains in the four fields like swords, which touched his worries even more. It's really "climbing high and feeling comfortable, making it Philip Burkart" (Xiangkou Pavilion). So I wrote this seven-character quatrain and gave it to my relatives and friends in Chang 'an, Beijing, to express my deep nostalgia for them.
Seeing the mountains with the master and sending relatives and friends to Beijing in the early days;
Liu Zongyuan's poem, through strange imagination and unique artistic conception, irresistibly pours out as much depressed feelings as possible buried in his heart; Its lyrical way belongs to the category of "sit back and relax" mentioned in Yan Yu's Poems on Canglang.
The title of the poem aims to "send friends and relatives in Beijing". "Looking forward to Hometown" and "Sending relatives and friends to Beijing" are intended to tell his sad feelings and urgent homesickness, hoping to help him in the old friendship, so that he can die alone and not be buried in a sad place.
The first sentence of this poem is about the scenery you saw when you visited. One of the sights of Guangte is the abrupt peaks. Su Shi said, "When I was a servant in Soochow, Wen Deng was in parallel for several days. The mountain peaks on the roadside are really like swords. Recite thick poems and know how many strange peaks there are on the seamount. " (Dongpo Inscription, Book and Liu Poetry) It can be seen that "the mountain on the seashore is like a sword", first of all, it is realistic, which is an appropriate description. It is not only a description, but also a clever metaphor, which causes a strange association of the next sentence. The sharp mountain like a sword, this thrilling image, really has a stinging feeling for the guests who are driving away from the wilderness.
Since the failure of Yongzhen's innovation, the "two kings and eight Sima events" followed one after another, and the backbone of the innovation movement was relegated to a remote place. 10 years later, some of these people have died and some have been demoted. Except for one person, the other four people and Liu Zongyuan were recalled to Beijing and transferred back to be the secretariat of remote areas. Cruel political persecution and the remote and sinister environment in the frontier made him feel sorry for "six thousand miles of national subjugation and twelve years of death" ("Don't be my brother's son"). Although he can't go back to Beijing, he still can't help but miss here and his relatives and friends there. He once wrote that "no forest, no mountain, no river, and nine twists and turns around the intestines for three hundred miles" ("From Liuzhou Tower to My Four Counties of Zhang, Ding, Feng and Lian"), which is similar to the poem "The seaside mountain is like a sword, and it cuts its heart everywhere".
The phrase "cutting the heart" is based on the metaphor of "like a sword" and is associated with Yamagata. Three or four sentences further gave birth to a bizarre imagination from Jianshan. As mentioned above, Guangxi has unique mountains and rivers and numerous peaks. There are many peaks that rise from the ground and are not connected with each other. Han Yu's poem "Mountain is like a jade hairpin" is a metaphor from the shape of a mountain. When climbing the mountain, countless peaks are like countless huge stone men, standing and staring at the distance. Due to the strong influence of subjective feelings, in the poet's eyes, each peak is his own incarnation ("scattered direction" and "scattered work" are also common). This also makes him feel that he only has a pair of eyes overlooking Beijing and his hometown, and he can't express his inner desire for a thousand years, but these 1000 peaks and mountains can overlook his hometown. So he had a whim, hoping to get a busy way. He wanted to turn himself into a Qian Qian, one on each mountain peak, so that he could express his strong desire. This kind of imagination is very wonderful, which not only accurately conveys the poet's sincere feelings of missing relatives and friends in his hometown, but also does not stick to the old model. Although bizarre, it comes from real feelings, has a real life foundation, and is not imaginary, so it is very touching to read.
This poem, like "Going to Liuzhou Tower to Send Zhang Tingfeng to Four States", is a commemorative work. It expresses the feelings of missing friends and hometown through what you see on the stairs, but the forms and techniques are different. "Climbing Liuzhou Tower, Sending Zhang Ting to Seal Four States" is a seven-character poem, which expresses feelings through scenery and twists and turns, and its significance is beyond words. This poem is a four-line poem, which blends feelings into the scenery and describes hidden feelings in simple language, which is obviously outstanding. The two poems have similarities and differences, and each has its own brilliance.
In this poem, the poet's emotional waves can't be suppressed, just like "mountain torrents rise steeply and waterfalls run", which has a strong artistic appeal.
In the early days, I sent my relatives and friends to Beijing with the master Wang Shan;
1. Su Shi's Inscription and Postscript on Dongpo, Volume II: "Han Tui said:' Water is a blue ribbon, and the mountain is a jade hairpin.' Liu Zihou's poem says,' Hai Ruo has a sharp sword, and the mountain is like a sword, and Qiu Lai has cut his heart everywhere.' Road flyover Lu said,' They didn't plan each other at that time, but they would make a pair. Dongpo said to the cloud,' There is no water, and there is a sword-shaped mountain to cut the sorrow?' This can be made into poetry. "
2. Cai Qi's Poems of Cai Kuanfu: "The autumn of Zi Hou, its sadness and sigh, originated from the poet, especially sour."
3. Zhou Zizhi's Poems on Zhu Po: "Liu Zihou's" Good Chu sees the mountains with the Lord and sends his friends to Beijing "says:' The seaside mountains are like swords, and Qiu Lai is full of sorrow. If you want to become a hundred billion dollars, you can go to the peak to see your hometown. "The discussant said that Zi Hou had moved south and could not be innocent. Gai is not dead, he is already on the mountain. "
4. Zhou Wei's "General Review of the Tang Poetry Selection Meeting": Grain Rain said: Sad words. Zhou Wei said: If you stay on other mountains, your heart will be cut open and there will be no comfort everywhere. Because of the same person, I want to be a parolee and an avatar, and I don't want to relax my hometown. The boring thoughts of the relocated guests were sent to the boring ears.
5. Qu You's "Return to China" volume: "Liu Zihou's poem:' The seaside mountain is like a sword, and it cuts its heart everywhere. If you want to become a hundred billion dollars, you can go to the peak to see your hometown. "or" zihou moved south, not innocent, the beggar gang is not dead, but it is already in daoshan. Although this statement is overdone, it makes people feel very sad and unhappy to read. If it weren't for Wen Li Rao Yun:' A bird flying alone in a tall building to see the imperial city, it would only be half a year. Bishan seems to want to stay in life and is surrounded by the county. "Although resentment is not reluctant, and there is a feeling of love. "
6. Kuang Lu's "Red Cliff" volume: "Yangshuo peaks, such as bamboo shoots, are independent of each other. Three peaks in Jiu Feng, dozens of miles away, such as heaven, sky, pole, high curiosity and anger; If a horse bites, if Chen Jiang meets, if the war collapses, the Lijiang River is soaked in water, and snakes, turtles, apes and cranes weave under it. The water is a green ribbon and the mountain is a Hosta. Zi Hou's "The mountain on the seashore is like a sword, and Qiu Lai gives up her heart everywhere"; Zi Zhan' there is no water, and there is a sword mountain in sorrow'; Lu Zhi's "Guilin is like a wild goose, Cangshan is suddenly blocked by ants". They are all recorded. "
7. Yang Shukan's "On Poetry": "Worrying about the peak of the sea is easy to make. Liuzhou's landscape is old, and Wan Li's tears are red. "
8. Bian's "Liuzhou Landscape and Liu Zongyuan's Poems": "Liu Zongyuan's description of Liuzhou's rivers, banyan trees and peaks is wonderful. It can be called the crystallization of Liuzhou landscape and Liu Zongyuan's sorrow. "
9. Yang Chunqiu's evaluation of the translation of the essence of Tang poetry: "This lyric poem with a strange artistic conception calmly and happily pours out the repressed gas buried in the bottom of my heart, which directly hits people's hearts and has great artistic appeal. The first sentence or two of the poem mentioned the sharp mountain with a sharp sword by the sea, which also reminded me that it was it that cut off my sorrow. This is the poet's sadness that he can't go home when he looks at Beijing from afar. The third sentence and the fourth sentence of the poem further fantasize, but they want to incarnate hundreds of billions and look forward to their hometown. Their affection and eagerness are well expressed through such an image. "
Liu Zongyuan's literary works;
Liu Zongyuan left more than 600 poems in his life, and his achievements were greater than poems. There are nearly a hundred parallel prose, and ancient prose can be roughly divided into six categories.
(1) Comments: Including philosophy, political theory and essays mainly focusing on comments. Sharp pen, accurate argument. Tian Shuo is a philosophical masterpiece. (Feudalism and Heavenly Punishment are representative works of medium-length and long-length political theory. Jin Wengong's "Defending the Original Motion", "Debate between Dong Brothers" and Yi Yin's "Five Opinions on Street Praise" are representatives of political papers. ) There is simple materialism in his philosophy. His political thoughts are mainly embodied in the progressive social historical view that emphasizes "potential" and the Confucian people-oriented thought. But also influenced by Buddhism, especially when they are frustrated politically, they often seek spiritual liberation from Buddhism.
(2) Fable: Inheriting and developing the traditions of Zhuangzi, Han Feizi, Lu Chunqiu, Liezi and the Warring States Policy, it was mostly used to satirize and attack the ugly phenomenon of the society at that time. Innovate, create whimsy, and make good use of anthropomorphic artistic images of various animals to express philosophical or political views. (Representative works include Three Commandments (Linjiang Elk, Guizhou Donkey, Yongmou Mouse), Biography, Fierce Master, etc. Laugh and curse, because things are small, showing a high degree of humor and irony.
(3) Biography: Inherited the tradition of Historical Records and Hanshu, and made some innovations (representative works include Anecdote of Duan Taiwei, Biography of Zi Ren, Biography of Hejian, Story of Snake Catcher, etc. Some works are exaggerated and fictional on the basis of real people, such as fables and novels (such as Song Qingchuan). )
(4) Landscape Travels: The most popular ones are written after being demoted, and Yongzhou's works are even better. (Representative works include Travel Notes on the First Banquet in the Western Hills, Music Circle, Western Hills in the Music Circle, From Xiaoshichi to the Western Hills, Yuan Jiake, Shiqu, Shi Jian and Koishiyama). His works not only contain his own experience and resentment through beautiful scenery; There is also a description of the author's quiet state of mind, which is manifested in extreme depression and the pursuit of spiritual sustenance. As for the direct description of the scenery, it is steep and clean, or beautiful and pleasant, and reproduces the beauty of nature with delicate language.
(5) Poem and Sao Fu: unique (representative works such as Punishment Fu, Sheng Min Fu, Dream Returning Fu, Prison Mountain Fu, etc. They are all in the style of Li Sao and Nine Chapters. Or express one's mind directly, or borrow ancient times to hurt oneself, or borrow fables to express irony and think hard, which won the essence of Qu Sao. "Tian Dui" and "Jin Wen" are another type, imitating Tian Wen and Qi Fa, with strange and profound words. In addition, there are many Buddhist steles, inscriptions, notes, prefaces and postscripts, poems and other works in Liu Jizhong, involving Zen, Tiantai Sect, Buddhism and other theories. There are more than 40 pieces of Liu Shi/KLOC-0, all of which were written after relegation. His predecessors, Wang Wei, Meng Haoran and Wei also called him Wang Meng. Some of his five ancient thoughts are close to Tao Yuanming's poems, with simple and natural language and elegant and meaningful style. The other five ancient poets were all influenced by Xie Lingyun. They were particular about their lyrics, mixed with Hyunri, and even learned from Xie Shi when they did the exercises. However, Liu's poems can contain bitterness, similarities and differences in beauty. Liu's poems also have rhythmic poems, which are famous for their generosity, sadness and health. (For example, climbing the Liuzhou Tower to send Zhang Tingfeng to four counties is a masterpiece of the seven laws of the Tang Dynasty, and Jiang Xue, Fisherman and Western Opera are also rare works in the quatrains of the Tang Dynasty).
(6) Anthology: Liu Yuxi began to compile Liu Ji's Anthology of Mr. Hedong. There were many annotated books in Song Dynasty, and Han Chun's Collected Works of Liu Xun is the earliest extant work of Liu Ji. In the Ming Dynasty, Jiang's Warp Collection was annotated with Liuhe East Collection. For his deeds, see Han Yu's Epitaph of Liu Zihou, Biographies of Old and New Tang Books and Chronicle of Mr. Liu in Wen 'anli.
Liu Zongyuan's personal data:
Liu Zongyuan (A.D. 773- A.D. 8 19), a native of Hedong (now Yongji, Yuncheng, Shanxi), was one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. Writers, philosophers, essayists and thinkers in the Tang Dynasty were known as "Liu Hedong" and "Mr Hedong". Because of his official position, he was finally named Liuzhou secretariat, also known as "Liu Liuzhou". Liu Zongyuan and Han Yu are called Liu Han, Liu Yuxi is called Liu Liu, and Wang Wei, Meng Haoran and Wei Wuying are called Wang Meng.
Liu Zongyuan left more than 600 poems in his life, and his achievements in writing were greater than poems. Nearly a hundred parallel essays, argumentative essays, sharp and ironic. There are many places where landscapes are written in travel notes, such as Collection of Mr. Hedong, and the representative works include Xiju, Jiang Xue and Fisherman.
Seeing the mountains with Master Hao Chu to send relatives and friends to Beijing Original text, translation and appreciation 2 Seeing the mountains with Master Hao Chu to send relatives and friends to Beijing
Tang Dynasty: Liu Zongyuan
Ying Chao on the sea is like a sword, cutting people's sadness in autumn everywhere.
How can we turn this body into tens of millions, scattered to the heads of state's homes to see!
Translation and annotation
Ying Chao on the sea is like a sword, cutting people's sadness in autumn everywhere.
The towering and prominent sharp mountain by the sea is like a sword, which cuts people's minds in autumn everywhere.
Seaside: the shore, the edge. Liuzhou is in the south, near the sea, so it is called the seaside. Sword direction: the tip of the sword, the sharp part at the top of the sword. Autumn: Autumn. Cut: cut. Sadness: homesickness is like heartbreak.
How can we turn this body into tens of millions, scattered to the heads of state's homes to see!
If we can turn this body into Qian Qian's body, we must scatter it to every mountain peak and see our hometown!
If: if. Incarnation: Liu Zongyuan is proficient in Buddhist scriptures, and Master Haochu is a disciple of Zen Master Long Anhai. The author naturally associates with the saying that "Tao becomes flesh" in Buddhist scriptures to show homesickness. Hundreds of billions: talk a lot. Scatter: float to. A "casual". Peak: The top of a mountain. Look: Look into the distance. Hometown: This refers to Chang 'an, and the author's hometown is in Hedong.
Translation and annotation
translate
The towering and prominent sharp mountain by the sea is like a sword, which cuts people's minds in autumn everywhere.
If we can turn this body into Qian Qian's body, we must scatter it to every mountain peak and see our hometown!
To annotate ...
Same as: same. Hao Chu: The author's friend, a native of Tanzhou (now Changsha, Hunan), is a disciple of Zen Master Long Anhai. From He Lin to Longcheng to see Liu Zongyuan. Master: Used as a title of respect for monks. Mountain: refers to the peak near Liuzhou. Jinghua: The capital Chang 'an. Relatives: relatives, old friends
Seaside: the shore, the edge. Liuzhou is in the south, near the sea, so it is called the seaside. Máng: the tip of the sword, the sharp part at the top of the sword.
Autumn: Autumn. Cut: cut. Sadness: homesickness is like heartbreak.
If: if. Incarnation: Liu Zongyuan is proficient in Buddhist scriptures, and Master Haochu is a disciple of Zen Master Long Anhai. The author naturally associates with the saying that "Tao becomes flesh" in Buddhist scriptures to show homesickness. Hundreds of billions: talk a lot.
Scatter: float to. A "casual". Peak: The top of a mountain. Look: Look into the distance. Hometown: This refers to Chang 'an, and the author's hometown is in Hedong.
Creation background
The specific writing time of this poem is unknown, and it was written by the author in Liuzhou. After Liu Zongyuan changed from Sima in Yongzhou to secretariat in Liuzhou, in order to relieve his worries, on a crisp autumn day, he climbed the mountain with his friend monk Haochu to see the scenery, and saw the mountains in the four fields like swords, which touched him even more. So I wrote this seven-character quatrain and gave it to my relatives and friends in Chang 'an, Beijing.
Make an appreciative comment
This poem shows the author's deep yearning for his hometown and his indignation at being relegated. The first two sentences use the sword as a metaphor for a mountain peak, which means to cut people's hearts. The word "cut" takes care of the metaphor of the previous sentence, highlighting the author's deep sorrow; The last two sentences further produced a strange fantasy from the steep mountain peak, hoping to turn it into hundreds of billions and scatter it on the mountain peak to look at my hometown. The whole poem is emotional because of the scenery, with strange imagination and novel metaphor. The author's sadness and homesickness in exile, in just 28 words, are touching and have strong artistic appeal.
The first sentence of this poem is about the scenery you saw when you visited. Qifeng Mountain is one of the unique scenery in Guangxi. Su Shi said, "When I was a servant in Soochow, Wen Deng was in parallel for several days. The mountain peaks on the roadside are really like swords. Reciting thick poems, you will know how many strange peaks there are on the seamount. " (Dongpo Inscription, Book and Liu Poetry) It can be seen that "the mountain on the seashore is like a sword", first of all, it is realistic, which is an appropriate description. It is not only a description, but also a clever metaphor, which causes a strange association of the next sentence. The sharp mountain like a sword, this thrilling image, really has a stinging feeling for the guests who are driving away from the wilderness.
Since the failure of Yongzhen's innovation, the "two kings and eight Sima events" followed one after another, and the backbone of the innovation movement was relegated to a remote place. 10 years later, some of these people have died and some have been demoted. Except for one person, the other four people and Liu Zongyuan were recalled to Beijing and transferred back to be the secretariat of remote areas. Cruel political persecution and the remote and sinister environment in the frontier made him feel sorry for "six thousand miles of national subjugation and twelve years of death" ("Don't be my brother's son"). He can't go back to Beijing, but he doesn't miss Beijing or his relatives and friends there. He once wrote that "no forest, no mountain, no river, and nine twists and turns around the intestines for three hundred miles" ("From Liuzhou Tower to My Four Counties of Zhang, Ding, Feng and Lian"), which is similar to the poem "The seaside mountain is like a sword, and it cuts its heart everywhere". The phrase "cutting the heart" is based on the metaphor of "like a sword" and is associated with Yamagata.
Three or four sentences further gave birth to a bizarre imagination from Jianshan. As mentioned above, Guangxi has unique mountains and rivers and numerous peaks. There are many peaks that rise from the ground and are not connected with each other. Han Yu's poem "Mountain is like a jade hairpin" is a metaphor from the shape of a mountain. When climbing the mountain, countless peaks are like countless huge stone men, standing and staring at the distance. Due to the strong influence of subjective feelings, in the poet's eyes, each peak is his own incarnation ("scattered direction" and "scattered work" are also common). This also makes him feel that he only has a pair of eyes overlooking Beijing and his hometown, and he can't express his inner desire for a thousand years, but these 1000 peaks and mountains can overlook his hometown. So he had a whim, hoping to get a busy way. He wanted to turn himself into a Qian Qian, one on each mountain peak, so that he could express his strong desire. This kind of imagination is very wonderful, which not only accurately conveys the poet's sincere feelings of missing relatives and friends in his hometown, but also does not stick to the old model. Although bizarre, it comes from real feelings, has a real life foundation, and is not imaginary, so it is very touching to read.
This poem, like "Going to Liuzhou Tower to Send Zhang Tingfeng to Four States", is a commemorative work. It expresses the feelings of missing friends and hometown through what you see on the stairs, but the forms and techniques are different. "Climbing Liuzhou Tower, Sending Zhang Ting to Seal Four States" is a seven-character poem, which expresses feelings through scenery and twists and turns, and its significance is beyond words. This poem is a four-line poem, which blends feelings into the scenery and describes hidden feelings in simple language, showing clearly and prominently. The two poems have similarities and differences, and each has its own brilliance.
In this poem, the poet's emotional waves can't be suppressed, just like "mountain torrents rise steeply and waterfalls run", which has a strong artistic appeal.