The concept of intuitive principle means that in teaching activities, teachers can make students get vivid representations through students' observation of what they have learned or the image description of teachers' language, so as to master knowledge comprehensively and profoundly. Basic requirements: correctly choose intuitive teaching AIDS and modern teaching methods; Intuition should be combined with explanation; Pay attention to the use of language intuition.
Viewpoint: Comenius: Everything that needs to be known should be understood through the thing itself, and the image of the thing itself or its substitute should be presented to the students as much as possible.
Xunzi: "If you don't smell it, you will have it. If you smell it, you will not see it." "It would be ridiculous if you didn't see it." Ushinski also pointed out that children think through form, color, sound and feeling. Intuitive means: intuitive objects, intuitive images, intuitive words.
The concept of consolidation principle: consolidation principle means that teaching should guide students to master knowledge and skills firmly on the basis of understanding, keep them in memory for a long time, and reproduce them quickly as needed to facilitate the application of knowledge and skills.
Basic requirements: consolidate on the basis of understanding. Attach importance to organizing various reviews. Actively consolidate in expanding, reorganizing and applying knowledge. Viewpoint: Confucius: keep pace with the times, review the old and learn the new; Ushinski: Review is the mother of learning.
The concept of heuristic principle: heuristic principle means that in teaching, teachers should recognize students as the main body of learning, pay attention to mobilizing their learning initiative, guide them to think independently, actively explore and learn lively, consciously master scientific knowledge, and improve their ability to analyze and solve problems.
Basic requirements: arouse students' initiative in learning. Inspire students to think independently and develop logical thinking ability. Let students do it and cultivate the ability to solve problems independently. Carry forward teaching democracy.
Viewpoint: Confucius: no anger, no anger, no resentment; "Learning": Tao and Fu La, strength and Fu Yi, opening and closing; Socrates: midwifery; Butler: A bad teacher reveals the truth, but a good teacher makes people discover the truth.
The concept of the principle of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude: The principle of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude means that teachers should proceed from the actual situation and individual differences of students and carry out differentiated teaching in a targeted manner, so that each student can make full use of their strengths and avoid their weaknesses and obtain the best development. Basic requirements: differentiated teaching according to students' characteristics. Take effective measures to comprehensively develop talented students.