When you are famous for a while, you can learn for a thousand years: wisdom is enough to reach the Tao and argument is enough to do it; Gorgeous words are enough to decorate everything; Great trip, enough to go anywhere. The use of energy between different eras has suddenly become a common practice in the world.
-Su Shi
If you want to be perfect for three generations, it is enough to be a public servant ... Those who are not outstanding in the world, but are criticized by the world, include Klingwell in Taixi and Gong Jing in China.
-Liang Qichao
Wang Anshi, whose real name is Mid-Levels, Badger Lang and Jin Jinggong, is also known as Jin Jinggong by the world. Linchuan, a native of Fuzhou, was an outstanding politician and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty.
Wang Anshi was born in Linchuan, Fuzhou (now Linchuan, Jiangxi) in A.D. 102 1 year. My father's name is good, but his words are bad. He is a judge of Linjiang Army.
In the second year of Li Qing in the Northern Song Dynasty (1042), Wang Anshi was ranked as the fourth scholar, and successively wrote a book to save Huainan (Yangzhou) from official duties, to know the affairs of Yinxian (now Ningbo, Zhejiang) and to judge Zhou Shu (now Buried Hill, Anhui). Once transferred to Kaifeng as a judge of the animal husbandry department, and later transferred to Changzhou and promoted to Jiangnan East Road Prison.
At the beginning of Xining, Wang Anshi, as the attendant minister of Hanlin bachelor, discussed the way of governing the country with young Song Shenzong, which won Song Shenzong's appreciation. In the second year of Xining (1069), Wang Anshi became a consultant in politics, and was promoted to prime minister the following year, and began to vigorously carry out reforms.
Wang Anshi's reform focused on "financial management" and "army consolidation", and actively promoted new laws such as farmland water conservancy, young crops, average loss, average land tax, free labor, easy market, and horse protection. It was called "Wang Anshi's reform" or "Xining reform" in history.
Wang Anshi's political reform violated the interests of the big landlords and bureaucrats, and Empress Dowager Cixi, the royal family and the conservative literati joined forces to oppose the political reform. So in the seventh year of Yexining (1074), Wang Anshi went on strike for the first time. See you next year. Wang Anshi can't get more support after the resumption of the phase and can't carry out reform. In the ninth year of Xining (1076), he resigned as prime minister for the second time and has lived in jiangning house ever since. In the first year of Yuan You, Song Zhezong (1086), conservatives came to power, and all previous new laws were abolished. Wang Anshi died of depression soon.
Although the ultimate goal of Wang Anshi's political reform was to strengthen the imperial power and consolidate the dominant position of feudal landlords, it did play a role in promoting the development of productive forces and enriching Qiang Bing at that time, and also reduced the burden on the people to a certain extent, which was of progressive significance in history. Lenin, the great revolutionary teacher, praised Wang Anshi as a "1 1 century reformer in China".
In addition, Wang Anshi is not only an outstanding politician, but also an outstanding writer, and he is one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. Wang Anshi has made great achievements in literary creation. His poems are not only numerous, but also unique, which played an important role in creating the situation in the Song Dynasty. His prose language is vigorous and concise, strange and steep, and it is also very distinctive in wording and tone; Although the number of his ci poems is small, they are very artistic, creating a bold voice in the ci world and having a great influence on later generations. From the content point of view, Wang Anshi's works reveal many malpractices, reflect social contradictions and have a strong political color. Wang Anshi's works are now preserved in Linchuan Collection, Linchuan Collection and Mr. Linchuan Song.
Wang Anshi turned gold into iron.
Wang Anshi wrote a lot of poems in his life, leaving many famous poems for later generations. However, some of his modifications are self-defeating.
"Cicada makes the forest quiet, but the sound palace mountain is more secluded" is a famous sentence in Tang Dynasty. The poet's contrast between "quiet" and "noisy" is conducive to expressing his quietness; Supporting "seclusion" with "Ming" is more obvious than its seclusion. These two poems enliven the quiet scenery. But Wang Anshi didn't agree with it after reading it. With a stroke of his pen, he changed it to "cicadas don't sing in the forest, birds don't sing in the mountains." Wang Anshi looked at objective things from an isolated and static point of view, and changed his poems without charm. No wonder Huang Tingjian, a poet at that time, laughed at him for "turning stone into gold".
Wang Anshi changed his poems.
Wang Anshi's handwriting Wang Anshi has a famous seven-character quatrain "Dengguazhou": "There are only a few mountains between Guazhou in Jingkou and Zhongshan; The spring breeze is green in Jiang Nanan. When will the bright moon shine on me? " This poem was written by Wang Anshi when he was moored in Guazhou on the other side of Zhenjiang by boat. After it was written, it spread quickly, and many people applauded this short and vivid poem. In particular, the word "green" in the third sentence, with adjectives as verbs, outlines the vitality of Jiangnan when spring comes, turns abstract words into an extremely vivid and dynamic picture, and brings people into a wonderful artistic realm. Later, someone found the draft of this poem and found that the book "Sailing in Guazhou" with only 28 words in total had been revised in many places. Among them, the most famous "green" word was revised five times, first the word "to", then the word "bad" was written on the side, and the word "to" was changed to "to", probably because I thought. It is conceivable that Wang Anshi spent a lot of effort on this messy poem.
Bright moon yellow dog
It is said that after Wang Anshi became prime minister, he often read poems sent from all over the country in his spare time. One day, he saw a poem written by a scholar in Guangdong: "Butterflies dance in pairs, and the trees in the cicada sing." The bright moon calls in the sky, and the yellow dog lies in his heart. " He read the first and second sentences and nodded in praise; Seeing the third and fourth sentences, I couldn't help laughing internally: How can the "bright moon" be called? How can the "yellow dog" lie down? Young students must be talking nonsense. So, when I entered the room, I changed these two sentences to "The moon shines in the sky and the yellow dog lies in the shade." I think it's a good change, using the original rhyme, practical, and at the same time rich in poetry.
Later, Wang Anshi failed in political reform and was forced to resign as prime minister. It's really no official, and Wang Anshi travels around the world. One day, when he came to Chaozhou, he happened to talk about it with an old local scholar. The old scholar twisted his beard and said with a smile, "Your Excellency doesn't know. In our area, there is a bird called Yue Ming Bird, which often sings at night. " There is also a bug, which is yellow in color and vaguely shaped like a dog. People are used to calling it yellow dog bug, and like to lie in the flower heart at night. "You blush with shame. Wang Anshi felt guilty and remembered that a few years ago, he changed the Moon Order written by a scholar, which was a mistake made by his ignorance. Later, Wang Anshi made a special trip to visit the scholar and apologized in person.
○ The weather is not enough for fear, ancestors are not enough, and people's words are not enough.
-Wang Anshi's Biography of Song History
You can muddle through for a while, but not for long.
-Wang Anshi's On Current Politics