Chinese is the first test of the college entrance examination. The quality of Chinese scores will have an important impact on subsequent exams. Among the Chinese subjects, literary appreciation of ancient poetry occupies a large proportion and is a required subject every year. Candidates generally find it difficult. As the college entrance examination is approaching, some commonly used ancient poetry and dictionary stories are summarized as follows. I hope it can help you save review time and more. Cope well with Chinese language exams. 1. Ice and snow use the crystal of ice and snow as a metaphor for loyalty and noble character. For example, "Friends and relatives in Luoyang ask each other, and a heart of ice is in a jade kettle." (Wang Changling's "Farewell to Xin Jian in Furong Tower") Bingxin: A noble mind. The ancients used "as clear as ice in a jade kettle" to describe a person's upright mind. Another example is "I should think of Linghai for many years, and the lonely light shines on myself, and my liver and lungs are all ice and snow." During the one-year official career in Lingnan, his personality and conduct were as crystal clear and noble as ice and snow. 2. The moon to the moon is homesick - triggers feelings of separation and homesickness. For example, "Raise your head to look at the bright moon, lower your head to think about your hometown." (Li Bai's "Quiet Night Thoughts") Such as "The east wind blew again in the small building last night, and the motherland cannot bear to look back at the bright moon." (Li Yu's "Yu Meiren") Looking at the moon and thinking about the motherland shows that the king has subjugated his country. Unique pain. For example, "Three hundred thousand soldiers were recruited in Qi Li, and they looked back at the middle of the month." Qi Qi, the desert, hundreds of thousands of soldiers in the vast desert all looked up at the rising moon in the east, unable to restrain their miserable homesickness. 3. The willow tree breaks its willows to express farewell. Since the Han Dynasty, broken willows have often been given as gifts to express the feeling of attachment and farewell, thus triggering the longing for relatives far away and the homesickness of travelers. For example, the poem "Farewell" that was tested in 1987: Willows hang green on the ground, and poplar flowers are flying in the sky. When all the wicker branches are broken and the flowers fly away, I would like to ask the passers-by if they are returning home? Because "liu" and "liu" are homophonic, the ancients often broke willows and sent them away when bidding farewell to express their deep affection. This custom began in the Han Dynasty and flourished in the Tang Dynasty. In the Han Dynasty, there was the song "Breaking Willows", which was played to express farewell feelings. The Baling Bridge in Xi'an during the Tang Dynasty was the only place for people to say goodbye to Chang'an when traveling across the country. The two sides of the Baling Bridge were shaded by willows, so it became a famous place where the ancients folded willows to say goodbye, such as " The willows are colored every year, and Baling is sad to say goodbye." Later generations took "The Willows at Ba Bridge" as the origin of the farewell allusion. Therefore, Wen Tingyun's poem "There are so many separations on the green poplar road". Liu Yong expressed the sadness of parting in "Yulin Ling" with "Where will I wake up tonight, on the bank of willows, with the dawn wind and the waning moon". "I hear the willows breaking in the flute, but I have never seen the spring scenery." It means that the tune "Breaking Willows" in the flute has spread far away, but the green willows in spring have never been seen. This expresses the feeling of saying goodbye to spring. . "Who can't feel the nostalgia for his hometown when he hears the breaking of willows in this nocturne?" Hearing the song "Folding of Willows" tonight, who doesn't feel homesick for his hometown? 4. Cicada is a noble person. The ancients believed that cicadas eating in the wind and drinking dew were a symbol of nobility, so the ancients often used the nobility of cicadas to express their nobility of character. "Tang Shi Bie Cai" said: "Every time a cicada chants its sound, this is the only way to respect its character." Because the cicada lives on high branches, eats the wind and sleeps in the open air, and does not eat the fireworks of the world, the character it represents is of a high level. type. Luo Binwang's "Cicada in Prison": "No one believes in nobleness." Li Shangyin's "Cicada": "It's hard to be full because of high status", "I also raise my family to be clean." Wang Yisun's "Qitian Le": "To hold one's nobility alone suddenly becomes sad." Yu Shinan's "Cicada": "It is not to borrow the autumn wind to speak loudly and far away." They all use cicadas to refer to noble character. 5. The lush vegetation contrasts with the desolation to express the emotions of prosperity and decline. For example, "Ten miles after the spring breeze, all the green buckwheat and wheat are green." (Jiang Kui's "Yangzhou Slowness") Ten miles into the spring breeze, the very prosperous Yangzhou Road is now covered with green buckwheat and is desolate. "The willows on the deserted platform of the old garden are new, and the singing of Lingge is indescribable in spring." The willows on the deserted platform of the old garden of Wu State have grown new branches (a desolate place). I think back to the time when there were singing, singing and dancing here, and the scene was more beautiful than the spring scenery. Spring: Spring is even better than it). Here, the lush willows set off the desolation. "The green grass in front of the steps has a spring color, and the oriole's voice is good in the sky across the leaves." (Du Fu's "The Prime Minister of Shu") A generation of virtuous ministers and their achievements have disappeared. Now there is only the green grass reflecting the green stone steps, and the spring color comes from itself every year (the spring light is in vain) , the oriole made this melodious and beautiful cry in vain. The poet lamented that the past was empty and expressed deep regret. "There are wild flowers and wild flowers beside the Zhuque Bridge, and the sunset is setting at the entrance of Wuyi Alley." (Liu Yuxi's "Wuyi Alley") The former prosperity beside the Zhuque Bridge has disappeared. The bridge has been covered with weeds and wild flowers, and Wuyi Alley has lost its former charm. It is magnificent, and the sunset reflects the dilapidated and desolate alley. 6. Nanpu In ancient Chinese poetry, Nanpu is a place of farewell by the water. Qu Yuan's "Jiu Ge·He Bo": "I fight with you eastward, and send the beauty to Nanpu." Jiang Yan's "Farewell Ode": "The spring grass is green, the spring water is rippling, I send you to Nanpu, how hurt is it!" Fan Chengdu University's "Hengtang": "The green river comes in spring in Nanpu, and the two stone bridges and Zhu pagodas remain." The ancients did not only say farewell by the water in Nanpu, but due to the long-term national cultural influence, Nanpu has become a special place for farewell by the water. Famous. 7. Changting is a farewell place on land. Li Bai's "Bodhisattva Man": "Where is the return journey? The long pavilion is even shorter." Liu Yong's "Yulin Ling": "The cicadas are sad, it is late for the long pavilion." Li Shutong's "Farewell": "Outside the long pavilion, beside the ancient road, the green grass is green "Continuous sky." Obviously, Changting has become a place of farewell on land in classical Chinese poetry. 8. Qin and harp (1) is a metaphor for the harmonious relationship between a couple, and is also called "harp and harp". "Poetry·Zhounan·Guanju": "A graceful lady is a friend of the harp and harp." And "Xiaoya·Chang Di": "The wife is so close to each other, like a drum, harp, and harp." (2) It is a metaphor for the friendship between brothers and friends.
Chen Zi'ang's "Poem of Farewell to Friends on a Spring Night": "When leaving the hall, I miss the piano and the harp, and when I leave the house, I go out of Sichuan." 9. "Poetry·Xiaoya·Xiaowan": "Bollfly has a son, and he wins and loses." Bees) capture borers for food, pierce the borers with their ovipositing tubes, inject bee venom to paralyze them, and then place them in the hive as food for the borer larvae. The ancients mistakenly believed that the dragonfly adopted the dragonfly as its son, so they called it the adopted son of the dragonfly. 10. Hongyan's "Book of Han: Biography of Su Shi" records that the Xiongnu Chanyu deceived the Han envoys, saying that Su Wu was dead, but the Han envoys deliberately said that the emperor shot down a swallow flying from the north while hunting, and had a silk book tied to his feet. Written by Su Wu. Chanyu had no choice but to let Su Wu go. Later, "Hongyan", "Yanshu", "Yanzu", "Yuyan", etc. were used to refer to letters and single messages. For example, Yan Shu's "Qing Ping Le": "The small characters on the note are all about ordinary business. The wild geese are in the clouds and the fish are not there, so it is difficult to express the melancholy." Li Qingzhao's poem cloud: "When the wild geese return, the moon is full on the west tower." Li Qingzhao another The first poem goes: "It is good to pass the message to the wild geese. Donglai is not as far away as Penglai." The wild geese are the messengers here. 11. The artifact refers to the throne and political power. "Laozi": "If you want to take over the world and do it, I see that you can't do it yourself. The world's divine weapon cannot be done." 12. Yue Lao It is said that Wei Guyue of the Tang Dynasty passed through Songcheng at night and met an old man sitting and checking books. Wei Gu went to take a peek, but he didn't recognize a word. After asking the old man, he found out that the old man was a god who specialized in human marriages, and the book he checked was a marriage book (see "Xuyouguailu·Engagement Shop"). Later, coal people were called Yuexiaolaoren, or Yuelao. 13. The nickname of Fan Li, a Yue official in the Spring and Autumn Period of Tao Zhu. According to legend, after he helped Gou Jian destroy Wu, he left Yue and went to Tao. He was good at making a living and accumulated a lot of wealth. Therefore, later generations called the wealthy businessman "Tao Zhu" or "Tao Zhu Gong". 14. According to the legend of Zhurong, the ancestor of the Chu monarch was Huozheng (the official in charge of fire) of Emperor Gaoxin. He was called Zhurong because of the brightness of the world, and was worshiped as the God of Fire in later generations. Therefore, the fire was called the disaster of Zhurong. . 15. Autumn water, autumn water, refers to the eyes, describing the urgency of hope. The second chapter of the third book of "The Romance of the West Chamber" "Looking through the autumn water, frowning at the pale spring mountain." Spring mountain refers to the eyebrows. 16. Linked branches and winged birds are metaphors for a loving couple. Lianlizhi refers to two trees growing together. The biwing bird is a legendary bird in which the male and female always fly together. It is used as a metaphor for a loving couple in classical poetry. It is said that in the old China, King Kang of Song Dynasty took away the wife of his attendant Han Ping and imprisoned Han Ping. Han committed suicide. His wife rotted her clothes. She threw herself off the stage while playing with King Kang. Everyone pulled his clothes, but he fell down and died. He left a suicide note saying that he was buried with Han Ping, but King Kang They were buried in two places. Soon, a catalpa tree grew on each of the two tombs. It grew very large in ten days. The roots and branches of the two trees were intertwined. There was a pair of mandarin ducks on the trees, screaming at each other. Bai Juyi's "Song of Everlasting Sorrow": "On July 7th, in the Palace of Eternal Life, when no one is whispering in the middle of the night. In the sky, I wish to be a winged bird, and on the ground, I wish to be a twig." With these sentences, no wonder people call marriage a "happy knot" . 17. Brother Kong Fang: Because the old copper coins had square holes, people called the money Brother Kong Fang (both humorous and contemptuous). 18. Childhood sweethearts come from Li Bai's "A Journey to Changgan": "The man came riding a bamboo horse and went around the bed to make green plums. Living together in Changgan, the two children had no doubts." Later, "childhood sweethearts" was used to describe the innocence of men and women when they were young, and also Refers to a friend who has known each other since childhood. 19. Aiming for the throne is a metaphor for seeking imperial power. "Zuo Zhuan·Xuan Gong Three Years": "Chu Zi attacked Lu Hun's army and then went to Luo to observe the troops in Zhou's territory. King Ding sent Wang Sunman to work for Chu Zi. How big or small is Chu Zi's bid for the throne?" The Nine Tripods were used in the Three Dynasties. In order to pass on the national treasure, Chuzi aspired to the throne, which meant that he coveted the Zhou Dynasty. Later, he used the metaphor of seeking the throne as a metaphor for seeking imperial power. 20. Say goodbye and leave. Said parents died. Li Mi's "Chen Qing Biao": "It's six months after a child is born, and his parents feel disapproval." 21. Zhulu "Hanshu Kuai Tong Biography": "If Qin loses its deer, the kings of the world will chase it away." Cited by Yan Shigu's Notes Zhang Yan said: "The deer is used as a metaphor for the emperor's throne." Later, the deer was used as a metaphor for the heroes coming together to compete for the world. Wei Zheng's "Shu Huai": "In the early days of the Central Plains, I competed for deer, and I wrote about Rongxuan." 22. Three feet is synonymous with law. Three feet, also called "three feet law", is synonymous with law. In ancient times, the law was written on three-foot-long bamboo slips, so it was called "three-foot law". 23. Du Kang's "Shuowen Jiezi·Jinbu": "In ancient times, Shaokang first made brooms and wine. Shaokang is also Du Kang." Later, Dukang was used as the synonym for wine. Cao Cao's "Dan Ge Xing": "How can Du Kang be the only one who can relieve worries?" 24. Hong swans fly very high and are often used to describe people with high ambitions. "Historical Records·Chen She Family": "Chen She sighed and said: 'The sparrow knows the ambition of the swan!'" 25. Qin and Jin In the Spring and Autumn Period, Qin and Jin were married, and later the marriage between the two surnames was called "the good thing of Qin and Jin". The first fold of the second book of "The Romance of the West Chamber": "At the expense of my family, I would rather marry a hero and become a Qin and Jin Dynasty." 26. Pengzu Pengzu, a legendary story character, was born in the Xia Dynasty and was more than 800 years old by the end of the Yin Dynasty. As a symbol of longevity, Pengzu wishes people longevity by saying "live as long as Pengzu". 27. The allusions to "Xie family" are often used when the poems of the Xie family in Tang and Song Dynasties do not convey the intended meaning. These allusions have two main meanings: (1) The use of "Xie An" and "Xie Xuan's family affairs" means that people have demeanor. According to "Shishuo Xinyu·Yu", Xie An once asked his nephew: Why do people always want their children to be good? The nephew Xie Xuan replied: "It is like the Zhilan Yushu. I want it to grow in the courtyard." This means that Xie An's children pay attention to their manners and their clothes are dignified and elegant, just like the Zhilan Yushu. Therefore, Qi Shi is used to refer to a person with grace.
Xin Qiji's "Biyuan Chun·Chipping to the West over the Peaks": "Like the children of Xie's family, he is upright in his clothes, looks like a household in the courtyard, and rides gracefully." (2) Refers to the landscape poet Xie Lingyun. "Book of Song·Biography of Xie Lingyun" records: Lingyun "built a separate business in Kuaiji Mountain, close to the mountains and rivers, enjoying the beauty of living in seclusion". This was later used to refer to the beauty of a home. 28. Chicken ribs: Chicken ribs are "tasteless to eat and a pity to discard." It is a metaphor for things that are of little value and meaning (see "Three Kingdoms·Wei Shu·Wudi Ji"). 29. Chanjuan: Chanjuan has a beautiful posture and is often used to describe women; because people often refer to the moon as a beautiful woman, they call it the moon Chanjuan. 30. Xianqin There is a story in "Liezi Yang Zhu" that once upon a time, a man boasted about how delicious celery was in front of the wealthy gentry in the village. After the wealthy gentry tasted it, he was "stinged in the mouth and miserable in the abdomen." Later, "Xianqin" was used to express humbly that the gifts given to others were meager or the suggestions given were shallow. Also said "Qin Xian". Gao Shi's "Written by Zi Qi on the Way of Crossing the Yellow River": "I still have the heart to offer celery, but I have no reason to see the Lord.
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