Beethoven's personal profile
Ludwig? Where is it? Beethoven1770 65438+February 16? 1827 died on March 26th at the age of 57. He is an outstanding German musician, one of the representatives of Vienna Classical Music School and one of the greatest composers in the world music history. His works have a far-reaching impact on the development of world music, so he is honored as? Le sheng? And then what? The King of Symphony? .
Beethoven's major works are mainly composed of nine symphonies. Representative works include Symphony No.3 in E flat major, Symphony No.5 in C minor, Symphony No.6 in F major, Symphony No.7 in A major, Symphony No.9 in D minor (the main theme of Ode to Joy), Overture Egmont Leonora, Piano Sonata No.14 in C minor and Violin Sonata No.5 in F major.
His nine symphonies play an important role in the development of world music, and his later works are romantic. His "Moonlight" appeared as a legend in the sixth grade Chinese textbook published by People's Education Publishing House (named "Moonlight Song 26").
Beethoven's position in the history of music is extremely prominent. He is not only a master of classical style, but also a pioneer of romantic style. As a master of music, Beethoven also attached great importance to artistic songs. He is a pioneer in the creation of German artistic songs. He wrote more than 60 artistic songs accompanied by piano in his life. His artistic songs are expressed in extremely rich ways and forms, expressing the feelings belonging to all mankind. He has made extraordinary achievements in the field of artistic songs. Since 1796, I feel my hearing is getting weaker and weaker. 18 13? 18 17 Beethoven's creation also experienced a temporary decline; 18 18? 1827 Beethoven was deaf in his left ear and his health deteriorated. At the age of 46, Beethoven completely lost his hearing.
Appreciation of Beethoven's works
Beethoven's Ninth Symphony was conceived in 18 14, completed in 1823, and premiered in Vienna on May 7th, 824. It has been used for ten years. This work is a summary of Beethoven's achievements in music art creation, which embodies Beethoven's ideological realm, passion for life and artistic attainments. It is the most important work in his artistic creation. As Wagner said: The ninth symphony is Beethoven's pinnacle. ? This four-movement work has developed from a tragic struggle scene into a joyful ode to the victory of all mankind through positive action and philosophical meditation, which embodies Beethoven's lofty ideal of freedom and joy through struggle. It is Beethoven's long-cherished wish to turn Schiller's poem Ode to Joy into a vocal symphony to express his ideal of peace, freedom, equality and universal love for mankind. In order to realize this grand idea, after a long period of brewing, he finally creatively wrote Ode to Joy into the fourth movement of the Ninth Symphony in the form of chorus. This is the most brilliant part of this symphony and the peak of the development of Beethoven's symphony.
The fourth movement: (chorus), the mixed freestyle of Allegro, Variations and Rondo. After the first three movements, we enter the fourth movement of Allegro-people have experienced hard struggle and profound thinking, and the joy of expectation is coming soon.
This movement can be divided into two parts: the first part is instrumental music, including overture, recitation, memories of the first three movements and the emergence of happy themes; The second part is vocal music, which is a circuitous variation written by a huge vocal choir. This movement is the summary of the whole symphony, that is, what are the first three movements? Seek freedom and happiness through struggle and thinking? And this action is made by? The struggle won, and joy overcame suffering? Conclusion, this conclusion is also the summary of the author's life. ? Hundreds of millions of people unite? Is the central idea of this movement. At the beginning of the movement, there was a storm of trumpets. This is an introduction. The sound is loud and magnificent, impacting like a raging tide. What does Wagner call it? Terrible bugle? . But it was immediately denied by the recitation of cello and bass: No, it will remind us of past sufferings. Today is the day of victory, and we should celebrate it with songs and dances? .
It turned out that Beethoven's idea was to add human voices to this recitation, but later he felt that the timing was wrong and pushed back the lyrics. However, the lyrics left in these manuscripts help us understand Beethoven's thoughts.
Then, the themes of the first three movements are reproduced one by one, and played one by one by a recitative. After the introduction theme of the first movement appeared, the bass instrument replied:? Oh, no, not this. I want something more pleasant? ; Then the wind music blew out the theme of the scherzo in the second movement, which was immediately rejected: don't do this either. This is just a joke. Want something better and nobler? ; So the wind music played the adagio theme of the third movement again, and the answer was still not satisfied: it is still the same, too exquisite, so we must find powerful ones. I think, let me sing it for you. But please answer me. ? Finally, the woodwind instrument flashed a fragment of the theme of ode to joy, and finally affirmed: yes. Finally found it This is the realm that Beethoven pursued all his life. At this time, from the depths of the band, as if from a distance, a simple melody sung by cello and double bass came slowly, and the main part of the movement began.
This is the whole picture of the theme of Ode to Joy. It was first displayed without any accompaniment, and then the viola and violin were gradually added. This happy theme was repeated over and over again, and the voice gradually increased and the momentum became bigger and bigger until it developed into the climax of the band's full performance. Suddenly, a terrible bugle call? Interrupted again, and then the voice of answering the phone. First of all, the solo baritone kicked off the vocal music and sang the lyrics of Beethoven's recitative. Ah, my friend, don't repeat the same old tune, let's sing some better and happier songs! ? Then, the baritone solo sang Ode to Joy.
In the later development, Schiller's Ode to Joy was sung in the form of solo, duet and chorus. Every time the theme of music appears, there are different image changes, such as majestic March style, heroic tenor solo and solemn chant melody? Then, turn to the fast March, which is a lively and enthusiastic March from the theme of joy. More and more enthusiastic marches push music to another climax.
Beethoven's creative style
Beethoven's works are famous for their heroism, drama and ideology. As he himself said:? Music should inspire the human spirit. ? For example, his most famous "Fifth? Fate? From the symphony? Fate motive? Described the belief of fighting against cruel fate and finally winning.
He wrote nine symphonies, the most famous of which is the third symphony? Hero? The fifth symphony? Fate? The sixth symphony? Rural areas? Symphony and Ninth Symphony? Chorus? Symphony
His piano works are famous for their enthusiasm, boldness and strong contrast. Piano sonata occupies an important position in his works, which not only reflects the evolution of his personal music creation style, but also indicates the process of piano music from classicism to romanticism.
Starting from the third movement of his second sonata, Beethoven replaced the minuets used by Haydn and Mozart with scherzo. Since then, the structure of the sonata is as follows: the first movement, dramatic conflict; The second movement, a lyric or reflective adagio, is used to express complex inner emotional ups and downs; The third movement, minuet, Beethoven replaced it with scherzo; The fourth movement, Rondo, is warm and festive.
The most famous sonatas are Passion, Pathetique, Moonlight, Dawn and Tempest.
Beethoven also composed six string quartets in his later years, the representative work being the string quartets in B flat major. In the creation of vocal music works, there are many important works, such as the vocal suite "To a Lover Far Away" and the oratorio "Solemn Mass". His most important opera is Federio.
Beethoven's works, influenced by the Enlightenment in the18th century and the German hurricane movement, have distinct personalities and have made great progress compared with their predecessors. In music performance, he almost involved all the music schools at that time; Greatly improve the expressive force of the piano and make it obtain a symphonic dramatic effect; It also makes symphony an important music form that directly reflects social changes.
Beethoven, as a masterpiece of classical music, opened up the road of The Romantic Period's music and played a decisive role in the development of world music, so he was praised as a "music saint".
Beethoven's creative conception is broad, his image is magnificent, his feelings are deep and his contrast is sharp, which makes him pay attention to the adoption and expansion of sonata form. At the same time, due to the rich and diverse images, the sonata form used in each work has its own characteristics.
Beethoven's other orchestral works include violin concerto, five piano concertos, two overtures, piano band, chorus fantasia, two violin pieces and band romance.
In his music, you can often feel a kind of pain, melancholy and sadness behind the joy full of sunshine and youthful vitality. Only Beethoven, who not only angrily opposed the autocratic feudal system, but also called on people to fight for freedom and happiness with his music. [ 1]
Beethoven not only absorbed the traditional classical sonatas with reasonable structure, but also made greater innovations in his own creation:
Application of introduction
Looking through the works of classical masters, from Haydn and Mozart to Kulao and clementi, their works often come straight to the point, and the introduction part is often omitted. Only Beethoven gave the introduction a new meaning, just like a concert overture or an opera overture. Introductions often make a brief summary of the music content as a preface or a relatively independent part, and hint, inspire, transition and explain it. For example, the introduction of the passionate third movement 1- 19, the sorrowful first movement1-kloc-0/0, and the first movement of Piano Sonata No.24 in F major 1-4.
The demonstration part is not repeated.
As we know, when analyzing the presentation mode of classical sonatas, we often look for the first repetition mark, and the presentation mode precedes the first repetition mark. But in his enthusiasm, Beethoven omitted this repetitive mark, which can't help but say that Beethoven was right? Classical framework? Betrayal and innovation. Of course, the non-repetition of the presentation part of this song is mainly the result of the development of music content.
Sufficient independence of connecting part, expanding part and ending part
Works before Beethoven? Expansion? Just relatively inflated, often? Symbolic? Yes, and then what? Connect? And then what? End? It even appears in the works as a common phrase, which has no independent meaning at all. It is a phrase that is out of tune or in tune. Bridge? The identity of is in a secondary position in the work; Some simply omit the expansion part. Beethoven, on the other hand, gave new meaning to the unfolding part, the connecting part and the ending part, which surpassed the predecessors in both length and artistic height. The first passionate movement consists of 7 1 (65- 135) and 20 (16-35) in the connecting part and 15 (5 1-65) in the ending part. The expanding part of the third movement is as many as 94 bars (118-211), and the connecting part accounts for 40 bars (36-75). In this passage, the connecting part is endowed with a certain independent meaning and a stronger tendency to melody.
End of movement
The unprecedented development of the epilogue is not only manifested in the lengthening of the length, but more importantly, Beethoven also endowed the epilogue with a relatively independent meaning. The first movement of enthusiasm ends in bar 59 (204-262) and the third movement ends in bar 54 (308-36 1). He often refers to the music materials of the main department and the deputy department, mixes and develops the ending, and gives the ending more specific Ad ha. (section 239 at the end of the first movement of passion, section 308 at the end of the third movement of presto passion), and other terms such as the speed or strength of piuallegro make the ending an independent paragraph with a relatively complete four-phrase structure.
Appreciation of Beethoven's works