Last year, there was this county town, and the citizens of the county town had no complaints.
Today, Zhu's slaughter in the county is the blood of all living things.
There were many outstanding poets in the Tang Dynasty who reflected people's life with more chapters. But they generally use the relatively free five-seven-character archaic style.
"Re-crossing Hucheng County" is a four-line poem. The whole poem has only 28 words, not to mention flatness, but it profoundly exposes social contradictions and reflects the people's deep suffering and its roots. Its mystery in artistic conception is worth exploring.
Let's make some comparisons first. The social contradiction and its ideological significance revealed by cruel officials' abuse of the people in Travel Notes of Lao Can are completely consistent with Du Xunhe's Seven Musts, but they occupy a large space. The author created the images of two cruel officials, Gang Bi and Yu Zuochen, portrayed many people killed by cruel officials and described many miserable scenes. Then he described the bloody crime of the cruel official and won the praise of his superiors, saying, "The robber did a good job!" " Special protection, promotion. It is only through the mouth of the old and disabled characters in the book that this conclusion is reached: "The grievances are buried in the darkness and the blood is red!"
Lyrics can't do this, and it doesn't need to be done. It has artistic features different from novels. The reason why this poem "Over Hucheng County" can express the social content that needs a lot of space in the novel in just four sentences is because it perfectly embodies the artistic characteristics of lyric poetry: expressing feelings through artistic generalization of typical phenomena.
First of all, the title of the poem deserves attention. "protecting the city county" determines the spatial scope; "Re-distortion" determines the time range. The topic of "crossing Hucheng County" means that "I" remembered the "first passage" because of "crossing Hucheng County", which made me feel excited and unspeakable.
The first sentence "I was in this county last year" is unpretentious. Since the "first classics" are all "to the old", what can I feel like a soul change in "This County" in just one year from the "first classics" to the "second classics"? This naturally aroused the suspense of readers, eager to read the following.
What was the most disturbing thing I saw and heard when I was in this county last year? The poet summed up in a poem: "The county people have no mouth and no complaints." There are thousands of people in a county, all of whom have been wronged, without exception. What is the reason? What is the "grievance" of "no mouth and no grievance"? The "I" in the "First Classic" is certainly understood, but the poet didn't say it, and he couldn't say it with a poem. However, if you say nothing, you will become obscure. There are two sentences below, to explain! Yes, the following is an explanation, but the statement is surprising.
Memories of "Preceding Classics" in the first two sentences. At the time of the "resumption of classics", I have seen and heard something, that is, "the county added Zhu Long", but why not follow the table and recall what I saw and heard at the time of the "resumption of classics"? The reason is that at the first pass, although I saw and heard all the people in the county shouting grievances, it is hard to understand why the "people's parents" insisted on letting his "people" sink to the bottom of the sea. At the time of "Chongjing", I already knew that "the magistrate added Zhu Long", but I knew nothing about why he added Zhu Long; However, this is what I really want to find out, so I look back on the past and think about what I saw and heard at the time of the First Classic and the Second Classic. I can't help but suddenly realize that I wrote a shocking poem: "If you come to the county to kill the houses, it is the blood of all beings!"
At this point, it is not difficult to see that this poem's high generalization of typical phenomena is accomplished through the ingenious arrangement of "the first classics" and "the second classics". What I saw and heard when writing the "first classic" was only reflected in the aspect of "county people"; Who made "the county people have no complaints"? It's not written. What I saw and heard when I wrote the Classic of Re-Scripture was only written from the aspect of "county slaughter"; Why does he "add Zhu Gu"? Didn't say either. After putting these two typical phenomena out, use the word "yes" to make a judgment, and use "the blood of all things" to make a judgment result. Since the "Ba" in the "County Order" is the blood of all living beings, the "County Order" in which the county people have no complaints is the "County Order" responsible for it. The reason why the "county slaughter" was "added to the valleys" was because he slaughtered countless people. In the Tang Dynasty, "Zhuba" was the official uniform of the fourth and fifth officials, and "County Slayer" and "Zhuba" showed that he was rewarded for promotion and praised by his superiors. The poet did not say that officials were rewarded, but said "Zhu Fu", which linked Zhu Fu slaughtered by the princess with the fresh blood of the people, revealed the causal relationship between them with "blood stain", and profoundly revealed the reactionary nature of the feudal rulers who were "enemies of the people".
Is the judgment that "all creatures are stained with blood" somewhat arbitrary and unconvincing? Otherwise. This is because the poet also hinted something between the lines. First of all, the time range and space range determined by the poet are worth pondering. "The First Classic" and "The Second Classic" belong to "Gucheng County"; The "first menstruation" means "getting old", but it is only one year before the "second menstruation". At the time of the First Classic, the "county slaughter" was killing the wronged people (this is manifested in the second sentence "the county people have no complaints" and the fourth sentence "the blood of life"), and there was no other achievement; Then, in less than a year, how can he make any other "achievements" in Hucheng County where the dead are wronged and the living are crying? Didn't he "add to the past" because he slaughtered the people and made "great contributions"?
The conclusion of the poem is eloquent, leaving no room, but it still has a aftertaste. When the county slaughter did not "add Zhu", the power was not big enough and the waist was not hard enough, but it had forced "the county people to have no mouth and no grievances"; Now, because of the meritorious service of killing people, I have added "Zhu Yi" and tasted the sweetness. He has more strength and a harder waist. What would he do? The poet wrote in the village where he lived: "It is more rewarding to kill the people." The book "Rebellious Comrades in Lodging County" says: "There is no hiding place for treasure hunting, and there is no fear of heaven when killing indiscriminately."
Among the poets in the late Tang Dynasty, Du Xunhe reflected the real life after the Huang Chao Uprising from all sides with a large number of modern poems, and made great achievements. His Seven Laws, Widow in the Mountain, Seeing the Villagers after the Rebellion, Living in the Village and Rebellious Comrades in the County are all worth cherishing. The social contradictions summarized in this four-line poem "Crossing Hucheng County Again" are more typical. For the whole feudal society, it is typical; It is especially typical for the specific historical period when the peasant uprising was brutally suppressed by the rulers.
If a lyric poem accurately summarizes the typical phenomena in real life, rather than distorting them, then the emotions expressed through the typical pictures of the poem are often typical. The infinite sympathy for the wronged people and the angry condemnation of the county slaughter and its superiors expressed in this four-line poem are not only the feelings of the poet himself, but also those of the broad masses of the people, which can arouse strong voices in the hearts of all progressive human beings.