A poem
A poem has a meter, just like a person has principles, and a person can't go beyond the principles, and a meter poem can't show its meter. This rule is like the three obedience and four virtues that women in feudal society have to follow, which is boring, but when in Rome, they must do as the Romans do. Mr. Wen Yiduo said that old-style poetry is dancing with chains, so those who intend to enter this dance floor must abide by the old moments of the dance, otherwise they will have to be expelled rudely. As for the meter, according to Daiyu's statement, "it's nothing but a transition from reality to equality", which can be described as a very concise summary, but for many beginners, this statement is still not exempt from the feeling of seeing flowers from the fog. Therefore, I write this article without being humble, in order to solve the beginner's confusion in case.
metrical poems are divided into quatrains and metrical poems, and metrical poems actually come from overlapping quatrains-their relationship is like an elder brother holding his younger brother's hand, with different contents and different forms. Therefore, for the sake of space, only the quatrains are analyzed; The seven-line meter is slightly more complicated than the five-line format, so it is not difficult to master the five-line format if you can master the seven-line format. Let's take the name of William Wang in the Tang Dynasty as an example, and attach its meter to its right:
The night light cup of Putao wine is flat and flat.
If you want to drink the pipa, you should immediately urge it to be flat and flat.
Don't laugh when you are drunk. There are two basic sentence patterns. One is to rise and fall flat (as in the first sentence and the last sentence of the above poem), which is derived from rising and falling flat (such as Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City); Secondly, the flat harvest (as in the second sentence of the above poem) is derived from the flat harvest (as in the third sentence of the above poem).
there is a well-known rule when it comes to the meter of old-style poetry: 135 is irrelevant, and 246 is distinct. From this, we can see the importance of selecting the three levels of leveling and leveling in 246. Specifically, the word is flat, the word must be flat, and the word is flat; If the word is flat, the word must be flat and the word is flat. These two points are not difficult to be verified from the above poem. However, if we say "135 regardless", does it mean that 135 places are free? Judging from a large number of quatrains in the past, this is not the case. First, look at the types of flat income, including: first, flat and flat, such as Pu Tao; Second, it is flat and flat, such as the spring city flying everywhere; Third, flat and flat, flat and flat, this format should pay special attention to the first four words are "flat and flat", that is, the first word is flat and flat, then the three words are flat, which is a very common format of the ancients, such as the long road to the east of the hometown (the word is flat in ancient times), and several people have fought back in ancient times.
All the above sentences are flat and flat. Let's look at the types of flat and flat. This kind of sentence has always been used in the 1357 sentence of the quatrain with a flat rhyme, mainly including: first, it is flat and even, such as the beauty is broken before she is old; Second, it is flat and flat, such as Hanshan Temple outside Gusu; Third, it is the type of the first four words using the format of "flat and flat", which is flat and flat, such as Luoyang relatives and friends asking each other, the old Wang Xie Tang Qian Yan, the Silken River, bright with spring, floats between earth and heaven and so on; What needs to be pointed out in particular is that sometimes the fifth word of a flat quatrain is also silent. For example, if children don't know each other when they meet each other, they think that the words in the color are dirty (the ancient words are silent), and so on, which should have been silent, so is it out of line? If it is not out of line, how to deal with it? The answer is: this kind of sentence belongs to an awkward sentence. Originally, the poem is expensive and smooth. There are both awkward sentences, which must be done as a last resort, so it must be remedied. The method is to replace the next sentence with a flat voice corresponding to the fifth word. The next sentence of the above two poems is treated in this way, namely: Ask where the guest comes from, He Zuoping; Sweep the moth's eyebrows toward the supreme, toward the flat. There are more famous examples, such as: the lonely sail is far from the blue sky, but only the Yangtze River flows in the sky. In the previous sentence, the word "Heaven" is used to save it, and in the next sentence, the word "boat" is used to save the word "Spring tide brings rain late and comes in a hurry, and no one crosses the boat on the wild".
Let's briefly talk about the sentence of "flat-shouldered", which mainly includes: flat-shouldered, flat-shouldered, flat-shouldered, flat-shouldered, such as frosty night, the double-sleeved dragon bell does not shed tears, but only sees the Yangtze River flowing in the sky; It is the most common to be flat (or flat).
The sentence of "starting and collecting" is a little special, including: 1. It is flat, flat and flat, which is special in the third word, corresponding to the last three words. The sound of the shadow is faint, and the curtain is flat, just opposite. Another example is: when the tide falls at night and the river is slanting in the moon, two or three fires are Guazhou; Second, even (even) even, even and even, which is a special and commonly used sentence pattern, for example, a maid-in-waiting is like a flower in Man Chun Hall, counting flowers before going to court, complaining about birds at sunset, etc., which should be used flexibly by poets.
There are only two kinds of sentence patterns in the Seven Wonders mentioned above. If you understand them, it is easy to draw a conclusion that the five wonders are flat and even, flat and even, or flat and even. There are: even, even, even, even (or even) and so on. Many readers may wish to find specific examples themselves.
The word
If you have the foundation of metrical poetry, you can write lyrics. Although the dance may not be exquisite, the steps will not be out of order. Look at a simple example, Bai Letian's "Memories of Jiangnan": Jiangnan is good, and the scenery was once familiar. When spring comes, the sun rises from the surface of the river, and the flowers on the river are brighter than red, the green river green more than blue grass. How can we call people not miss the south of the Yangtze river? Two sentences with seven words (one is equal), two sentences with five words (two are equal), and one sentence with three words. Think about it. You've been to Mount Everest before, but are you still afraid of climbing Lushan Mountain and Huangshan Mountain? So just write those formats above. However, we should pay attention to two points. First, the first white poem was written as "flat and even", but later the ci writers all wrote it as "flat and even", such as Liu Bin's "Spring is gone", Wen Feiqing's "Wash and Wash", and Huang Fusong's "Lan Enluo". Second, a special format of the quatrains mentioned above, "even", even and even, can never be put into this word. It should be noted that although poetry is like brothers, two brothers rarely eat the same pot of food. This sentence pattern follows this example in most epigrams, but it is needed in some epigrams, such as the third sentence in the next piece of Jade Case.
Let's look at another example with more words. Li Yian's "A Cut of Plums" says: The lotus root is fragrant, the jade is dead, and the dress is lightly untied, and the boat is alone. Who sent the brocade book in the cloud? When the word geese returns, the moon is full of the West Building. (The upper and lower pieces have the same meter, so they are not recorded. ) Here are two seven-character sentences (one is flat and the other is flat) and four four-character sentences. The former should be a cinch, and the latter? In fact, it's simpler. They are usually: fair. "A Cut of Plum" has three rhymes in one tone, but some people on the Internet think that the dress should rhyme, which is really nonsense and makes people feel ashamed! Of course, the four sentences connected in these two places can be rhymed, such as the last two sentences of the post-film, "I only frown, but I go to my heart". For this kind of simple epigraph, we should be able to imitate and memorize a few ancient works. For those more complicated ones, such as Warrior Lanling and He Xinlang, you might as well buy a special book on word rhythm for imitation and study on weekdays.
Of course, there are words with rhymes, and there are words with rhymes. But if you can drive a Santana, you won't be able to drive a Mercedes. By the way, let's talk about some six-sentence formats. Just look at an example, the last film of Jia Xuan's famous work "Qingpingle": the big boy hoes the beans and the middle boy is weaving a chicken coop. I like children's scoundrels best, and I lie on the head of the stream and peel the lotus. These sentences include two formats of six-character sentences, which are actually similar to seven-character sentences. The analysis is the same as above, so I won't repeat them.
Having said all this, beginners will not be confused in meter when filling in ordinary words. However, some strange "elves" will come out to make trouble when people are not paying attention, so they have to point out in particular to prevent being teased by them. This is the case character. Its definition is actually related to the pause in the tone of people reading poems. As we all know, one message from home is worth a ton of gold's saying is a letter/a gift/a million dollars, and it is midnight/bell/arrival/passenger ship that strikes the passenger ship at midnight. However, if you bump into some sentences in Liu Tuntian's masterpiece "Basheng Ganzhou", such as "It's raining on the river at dusk" and "It's getting cold and windy, and the river is left out in the cold, so what should you do to make a joke?" For some people who are not familiar with epigrams, the comma of such sentences is unexpected. The rough strokes are: Yes, it's raining at dusk; Gradually/the frost wind is tight, the river is cold, and the afterglow is the building. A pair of words is followed by seven words, while a gradual word is followed by twelve words. This is the so-called case word. There is also "sigh for years, why bother stay for a long time?" In the sentence, "I miss a beautiful woman's makeup, but I miss it a few times, and the sky knows how to return to the boat", the word sigh and the word miss also serve the same purpose. In general, there are "you, you, you, you, you, you, you, you, you, you, you, you, you, you, you, you, you, you. Although this kind of special usage is not common in ci, its function is very important, and predecessors have talked about it a lot. In addition to Bashengganzhou above, the common epigraph uses a large number of cases, and the first words of the last sentence of Haoshijin in the poem, the first words of the next sentence in Qinyuanchun in the long tune, and the first words of the last sentence of Liuzhou Getou also need cases.
Note: First, Pingqie is defined according to the second word of the sentence, so "How many people fought in ancient times" can only be regarded as a Pingqie sentence, while Pingqie
is defined according to the last word.
second, although the style of "flat and even" is widely used in poems, "flat and even" is occasionally seen, such as "and a moment that ought to have lasted for ever", which depends on the situation of the poet.
Third, all the verses in the text are quoted from 3 Tang Poems, so readers can check them in detail.
Fourth, the question of rhyme is not involved in this paper, because the author uses modern rhyme well and knows little about ancient rhyme. Those who want to learn from ancient rhymes can buy their own lyrics to study them.