1. Pre-school children must recite ancient poems.
Two Poems of Min Nong (Part Two)
Li Shen [Tang Dynasty]
At noon in summer, the sun is very hot, farmers are still working, and beads are dripping into the soil.
Who would have thought that our bowl of rice and grain are full of the blood and sweat of farmers?
translate
At noon in midsummer, when the sun was shining, farmers were still working and sweat dripped into the soil.
Who would have thought that every grain of rice in our bowl was bought by farmers' hard work?
To annotate ...
Grass: a general term for cereal plants.
Rice: a "rice". A generic term for cooked food.
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The first poem describes the scene of working in farmers' fields at noon in the scorching sun, which generally shows the hard work life of farmers all year round. Finally, with the motto "Who knows that every meal is hard", the poet expressed his sincere sympathy for the farmers.
From the beginning, it depicts that farmers are still working in the fields under the scorching sun at noon, and sweat is dripping on the scorching land. This makes up for the change from "a millet" to "ten thousand kinds" and then to "the four seas have no idle fields", which was watered by thousands of farmers in Qian Qian, Qian Qian with blood and sweat; This also captures the most typical image of the following "every grain is hard", which can be described as one tenth. Generally, it shows the hard life of farmers who don't avoid cold, summer, rain, snow, wind and frost all year round.
"Who knows that every grain of Chinese food is hard" is not an empty sermon, nor is it a moaning without illness; It is similar to a profound motto, but it not only wins by its persuasiveness, but also reflects the poet's infinite resentment and sincere sympathy in this deep sigh.
When the poet expounds the above contents, he is not vague and abstract, but exposes the problems and explains the reasons with vivid images and profound contrast, which makes people easy to accept and understand.
In the first two sentences, the author didn't say how hard it is for farmers to farm and how hard it is for crops to grow. He just made a vivid rendering of the plot of farmers sweating in the hot sun, which made people make this hard and hard taste more concrete, profound and real. Therefore, the poet finally said in a rhetorical tone that "everyone knows that every meal is hard" is very convincing. In particular, comparing the grain to a drop of sweat is really subtle and vivid.
2. Preschool children must recite ancient poems.
Goose song
Luo [Tang Dynasty]
White swan, white swan, bend your neck and breathe fire into the sky.
White feathers, floating in green water; The red soles of the feet stir the clear water.
translate
"Goose, goose, goose!" Facing the blue sky, a flock of geese are singing with their necks bent.
The white body floats on the green water, and the red soles stir the clear water waves.
To annotate ...
Quxiang: crookneck.
Song: Long sound.
Dial: strokes.
Distinguish and appreciate
This poem is very vivid with the expression of a seven-year-old child watching geese swim and play.
The word "goose" in the first sentence is the poet's cordial call to the goose, which can also be understood as imitating the cry of the goose. The second sentence "to think about Xiang Tiange". Bend over, bend over. The neck is the neck. Bend your neck. Song, sing. These two sentences make people imagine a 7-year-old child writing a poem for a goose. He pointed to the goose and said, "Goose, Goose, Goose, with their long necks bent, are singing to the sky." Grasp the characteristics of a goose's long neck at once and write its triumphant expression when it shouts happily.
In the second sentence, the expression of geese chirping gives people hearing. The voice of the goose is loud, and the word "Qu" makes the image of the goose craning its neck and bowing its head to the sky very vivid. This sentence writes what you see first, then what you hear, which is very hierarchical.
The above is about geese marching on land, and the following two sentences are about geese swimming leisurely in the water. The little poet used a set of antithetical sentences to describe the wild geese swimming in the water from the color aspect. The goose's hair is white, but the river is green. The contrast between "white" and "green" is bright and dazzling, which is the right sentence; Similarly, the webbed goose is red, the water wave is blue, and "red" and "green" are all gorgeous, so it is. In the two sentences, "white" and "red" are relative, "green" and "green" are relative, and they are a pair of ups and downs. It's wonderful to go back and forth like this and do the opposite.
In this pair of sentences, the use of verbs is also just right. The word "floating" means that the goose is carefree and motionless in the water. The word "dial" means that the goose paddles hard in the water, causing waves. In this way, dynamic and static are born together, writing a kind of changing beauty.
3. Preschool children must recite ancient poems.
wind
Li Qiao [Tang Dynasty]
It can blow off the golden leaves in autumn and bloom beautiful flowers in spring.
Scraping the river surface can set off several huge waves in thousands of feet, and blowing bamboo can make tens of thousands of poles tilt.
translate
Wind energy blows off golden leaves in autumn and opens beautiful flowers in spring.
Blowing across the river can set off huge waves in thousands of feet, and blowing into bamboo forests can make ten thousand poles tilt.
To annotate ...
Blow away, spread out. Solution: untie, here refers to blowing.
Sanqiu: Autumn. One refers to the ninth month of the lunar calendar.
Yes: yes. February: February in the lunar calendar refers to spring.
F: Yes.
Oblique: Oblique.
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Three autumn leaves can bloom in February, crossing the thousands of feet waves and entering the bamboo pole. This is a poem describing the wind, which is a dynamic interpretation and understanding of the wind.
Wind is invisible, and air flows to form wind. But it is tangible. A breeze blew, the grass smiled and nodded to people, the flowers swayed with the wind, the kitchen smoke danced with the rhythm of the wind, and the slender willow branches gently brushed the faces of tourists under the tree.
The wind also has its own thoughts and feelings. It often rains in Mao Mao when it is happy. Spring has come, and the wind has passed the Qian Shan show. The spring breeze in February is like scissors, blowing like a flying skirt. Spring breeze awakens hibernating catkins, swallows fly, the valley is green, and the youth of grass is awakened by spring breeze.
When it is angry, it rolls up dust all over the sky when crossing the river. Su Shi's "Red Cliff Nostalgia" proves this point: rocks run through the air, crashing on the shore and rolling up thousands of piles of snow. It triggered a tsunami, uprooted towering trees, smashed cars into ditches with the palm of your hand, waved pieces of trees with your sleeves, laughed wildly, looked at people who were helpless about it with contempt, and regarded themselves as chariots, while everything in the world was like a gladiator's arm.
When it is sad, it will make a purring sound, as if it is telling the sadness and injustice in its heart, and it seems that a child is crying and has to be moved by it.
The wind is amazing, ever-changing, weak and strong. Sensitive wind, sentimental wind, sad wind and all kinds of winds, you are a friend of mankind and bring endless disasters to mankind. Wind, you make people have to love and fear.
4. Preschool children must recite ancient poems.
Stork tower
Wang Zhihuan [Tang Dynasty]
The sun sets slowly near the western hills, and the Yellow River flows into the East China Sea.
By going up one flight of stairs, look further.
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The first two sentences of the poem, "The mountains cover the day, and the ocean drains the golden river", are about the magnificent scenery seen from the stairs. Here, the poet captured the rivers and mountains of Wan Li in a very simple and plain language with just ten words; When we read these ten words a thousand years later, we seem to be underground, and we feel open-minded when we see the scenery. Looking into the distance, a touch of sunset sank to the endless rolling mountains in front of the building and disappeared into Ran Ran at the end of the field of vision. This is the sky view, the distant view and the western view. The second sentence is about the Yellow River flowing through the front and bottom of the building, roaring south, then turning east in the distance and flowing to the sea. This is from the ground to the horizon, from near to far, from west to east. When these two poems are combined, the scenery of up and down, far and near, and things are all contained under the pen, which makes the picture look particularly broad and distant. As far as the second poem is concerned, the poet can't see the Yellow River entering the sea on the stork building. The sentence is written in the middle of the poem, which is a way to combine the foreground with the sky. This writing increases the breadth and depth of the picture.
Write the last two sentences. "But you have broadened your horizons by 300 miles", a poet's endless pursuit, wanting to see farther and see where his eyesight can reach. The way is to stand higher and "go up a flight of stairs". "A thousand miles" and "the first floor" are imaginary numbers, which are both vertical and horizontal spaces in the poet's imagination. The words "to be poor" and "to be better" contain many hopes and longings. These two well-known poems are not only unexpected, but also very natural, close to the first two. At the same time, the use of the word "Lou" at the end also plays a role in pointing out that this is a poem about climbing stairs.
It can be inferred from the second half of the poem that the first half was written on the second floor. The poet wanted to see the distant scenery as far as possible, and even climbed to the top floor of the building. The poem seems to write the process of climbing stairs straightforwardly, but it has far-reaching implications and is intriguing. Here is the poet's enterprising spirit, forward-looking mind, and also the philosophy of standing high and looking far.
As far as the whole poem is concerned, this poem is said by the Japanese monk Konghai in On the Chamber of Secrets in the Mirror. Some people say that poetry should not be reasonable. This should only mean that poetry should not be blunt, boring and abstract, not that philosophy cannot be revealed and promoted in poetry. Just like this poem, it perfectly dissolves truth, scenery and events, making readers feel comfortable instead of reasoning. This is a mode to express the philosophy of life through thinking in images according to the characteristics of poetry.
The writing of this poem has another feature: it is a quatrain full of antithesis. When Shen Deqian chose this poem in the Tang Dynasty, he pointed out: "Four languages are correct, and it is not too expensive to read, so the bones are high." There are only two couplets in the quatrains, both of which are antithetical sentences. If it is not full of momentum and clear-cut, it will easily appear dull or fragmented. In this poem, the previous combination is the opposite name, the so-called "right and wrong", and the sentence is extremely neat, heavy and powerful, which shows the greatness of the scene written; The latter is a flowing pair. Although the two sentences are relative, there is no trace of confrontation. The poet is also very mature in using dual skills.
Meng Qian Bi Tan pointed out that "only Li Yi, Wang Zhihuan and Chang Dang can describe the scenery" in the poems left by the Tang people in the stork house. Li Yi's poems are seven-rhythm poems; Wandering poem is also a five-line poem, also called "In the Lodge of the Heron". The whole poem is as follows: "On birds, they rise above the ground. Ye Ping is surrounded by the sky, and the river breaks into mountains. " The poetic scene is also magnificent and can be called a masterpiece. However, Wang Zhihuan's poems were the first, but in comparison, he lost in the end, and Wang's poems had to be once and for all.
5. Preschool children must recite selected ancient poems.
Quatrain
Du Fu [Tang Dynasty]
"Two orioles sing green willows, and egrets cover the sky."
My window framed the snow-covered western hills. My door often says "goodbye" to ships sailing eastward.
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This poem "Jueju" was written when the poet lived in Huanhuaxi Caotang, Chengdu, and described the beautiful spring scenery around the Caotang.
Poetry cuts in with vibrant natural beauty, creating a fresh and relaxed atmosphere. In the first two sentences, the poet described this beautiful scene in an implicit way from different angles. Cui is new green, which is the color when everything recovers and germinates in early spring. "Two" and "one" are relative; Horizontal and vertical, it opens a very beautiful natural landscape. In this poem, the word "Ming" is the most vivid, and the oriole is described more vividly by anthropomorphic methods, and a hundred birds are paired, which constitutes a picture full of vitality and festive atmosphere. The oriole sings on the willow, which is the vitality of moistening things quietly. The next sentence is about the anger of nature, which is more obvious. Egrets flying in this fresh sky is not only a comfort of freedom, but also an upward struggle. Furthermore, the first sentence says that the oriole sings on the willow, and the next sentence says that the egrets fly to the sky, which broadens the space a lot. From bottom to top, from near to far, the poet's tangible vitality fills the whole environment and shows the prosperity of early spring from another angle.
In the third sentence, "The window contains autumn snow in Xiling", the poet looks out of the window, because the air is fresh and the sun is shining in early spring, so he can see the snow-capped mountains in Xiling. The last two sentences have pointed out that it was early spring, and the autumn snow in winter wanted to melt, giving readers a moist feeling. There is a word "containing" between "window" and "snow" in this sentence, which shows that when the first snow melts, moisture wets the frozen window lattice in winter, which can better write the poet's feelings about the vitality with moisture in early spring. "Xiling" means that when the first snow in front of the window melts, the poet thinks of Xiling near the thatched cottage and the long snow on Xiling Mountain, and replaces the residual snow on the window with the snow on Xiling Mountain, which makes the artistic conception more extensive. In addition, the poet has the ambition to serve the country since he was a teenager. After decades of obstacles, he finally had the opportunity to re-exhibit, and the years of war were put down. This is the same as the poet's thought of Xiling when he saw the melting snow in front of the window, and replaced the residual snow on the window with the Millennium snow on the ridge, thus giving the poet a stubborn sense of melting snow.
The last sentence further described Du Fu's complicated mood at that time. When the ship came from "Wu Dong", this sentence means that the war has been decided, the traffic has resumed, and the poet misses his hometown when he sees things. The use of the word "berth" has its profound meaning. Du Fu has been wandering for many years without landing. Although there is still a little hope in his heart, that hope has been greatly reduced. The word "Bo" just describes the poet's complex mood between hope and disappointment. While "Wan Li" implies the difficulty of achieving the goal, which is juxtaposed with "Qian Qiu" in the third sentence and describes the difficulty of achieving the goal in time and space. Sun Quan of the Three Kingdoms has been praised by many scholars as the wise master since ancient times. The author refers to Sun Quan as the representative of Dongwu, alluding to Du Fu's hope for the emperor of the dynasty. The combination of "Bo", "Wan Li" and "Dongwu Ship" is precisely to write the word "Nan".
The whole poem seems to be four independent scenes, but the poet's inner feelings make its content consistent, and the fresh and elegant scenery entrusts the poet's inner complex emotions and forms a unified artistic conception. At first, he showed the spring scenery of the thatched cottage, and the poet's mood was Tao Ran. However, with the wandering of sight and the change of scenery, the appearance of river boats touched his homesickness. On the surface, it is a vibrant picture, but in the cheerful and bright scene, it entrusts the poet with the loss of time, loneliness and boredom, and also writes the poet's complex mood when there is a glimmer of hope. Beyond that kind of hope, it is more the poet's sadness about disappointment.