Ji Xiangxuan 1, Lao 2 Nan Gezi also. There is only abbot 3 in the room, which can accommodate one person. A century-old house, dust and mud infiltration 4, Yuze bet 5; Every time I turn a case, I see 7, which is inseparable. Further north, it won't take eight days, and it will be faint after noon. I slightly trimmed 10, and it didn't leak. Four windows (1 1) and a wall (12) were built in front, so that when the sun is in the south (13), the sunlight will reflect and the room will start to sink (14). Orchids and bamboos were planted in the court, and the old rafters 15 also increased the odds of 16. Borrowing books is full, 17 sighs, 18 sings, 19 sits silently and hears 20; The court (note: the Soviet version is "step") (Ji) is silent, birds peck from time to time, and people don't go. On the night of May 3rd, 2 1 year, in the middle of the month, laurel trees were mottled, the wind was moving, and Shanshan 22 was lovely.
Illustration of xuanzhi of neck and spine
However, I live here, and there are many things to be happy about and many things to be sad about. Before that, the courtyard was connected with the north and the south. The parents are different. There are many small doors inside and outside, and the walls are often 24 instead. East dogs bark 25 times, guests feast more than 26 times, and chickens live in the hall. At first, the imperial court was a fence, and it was always a wall at 27, and everything changed to 28. There is an old woman (Yu) in my family, and I live here. Yi, the first maid, the second breast, Xian Yan (bǐ) caressed him very thick. The west and the back of the house are connected, and my mother used to come. Every time Yu said, "Somewhere, my mother is here." Yu added, "Your sister is crying in my arms; Mother knocked on the door with her finger and said,' Are you cold? Do you want something to eat? I replied to 29 from outside the board. "Never put off till tomorrow what you can, I cried, I cried. One day, in the reading hall, my mother said to me, "long time no see, son." 3 1 Why are you here silently? " Instead of going, he closed 32 doors with his hand and said to himself, "My family's study has been ineffective for a long time, but if my son succeeds, he can wait!" " After a while, he came with an elephant (hù) and said, "This is what my great-grandfather Xuande insisted on using. You will use it one day! "Looking at the ruins of 33, just like yesterday, people can't control the trombone.
The veranda with windows on the ridge has caught fire four times and can't be burned down. It must be protected by gods. Yu Jian lived to be 34 years old. For a long time, he could distinguish people by his feet. Xuanfan was caught in four fires, but it didn't burn, which was almost protective.
Ji Xiang said, "Shu Qing defends the Dan point, which is beneficial to the world, and then Qin Huang builds a daughter to clear Taiwan; Liu Xuande and Cao Cao fought for the world, and Zhu Gekongming started in Longzhong. The ignorance of both sides is in a corner, and the world knows enough. The rest of the area is defeated in the house, and when the eyebrows are raised and the eyes blink, it is called a spectacle. What's the difference between a famous figure in Kan Jing and a frog? " (People's Education Edition "Appreciation of China Ancient Poetry" does not have this paragraph; Shanghai Education Edition does not have this paragraph. )[ 1]
The author wrote this chronicle many years later. )
Because I am interested in this, in the next five years, my wife returned to 36, and when she arrived at the porch, she asked me about ancient things, or learned 37 by a few books. Wife, mothering 38, said to the younger sisters, "I heard that my sister has a pavilion. What is it?" In the next six years, my wife died and the ridge of the ridge was not renovated. In the next two years, Yujiu was bored after a long illness, which made people build the South Pavilion, and its system was slightly different from before. However, after that, I was more outside than living here.
There is a loquat tree in the yard. My wife planted 40 in her hand when she died, and now she is as graceful as a cover, 4 1. [3-4]
Annotation translation editor
Annotation of works
1, item, Gui Youguang's small house. Xuan: Be careful of the room.
2, old: old, original.
3. Abbot: One foot square.
4. Dust and mud infiltration (shèn) and infiltration (Lü): The soil (on the roof wall) leaks downwards. Infiltrate, infiltrate. Leakage: slowly leak through small holes.
5. Yuze bet: It rains cats and dogs. Get down! Get down! Yuze: Rain.
6. Cases: several cases, tables.
7. Gu: Look around. Looking around, he. (Xu Shen's "Shuo Wen Jie Zi")
8, can not get the sky: get the sky, according to the sun.
9. I fainted in the afternoon: I fainted and the light was unknown.
10. Fix for (Wei) (Qi). Repair: repair, repair, repair.
1 1, open.
12. Wall the courtyard: build a wall around the courtyard. Wall, where nouns are used as verbs, refers to building a low wall. Wall: Build a wall. Zhou ting, go around the field.
13, when: blocked
14, Dongran: shiny appearance.
15, column rafter (shǔn): railing. Vertical columns are called columns and horizontal columns are called rafters.
16, gain: add luster. Victory: Beautiful scenery.
17, Yang Yan: Yang Yan, get down. Lift up, lift up reluctantly, and live in peace.
18, whistling song: whistling or singing. Here refers to poetry, expressing unrestrained. Whistle, and your mouth makes a long and clear sound.
19, sitting quietly: sitting quietly alone. Sit straight.
20. All sounds can be heard: all sounds in nature can be heard. All sounds refer to all sounds in nature. Come on, the sound made in the cave also refers to the general sound.
2 1, the night of March 5: the night of the fifteenth day of the first lunar month.
22, Shanshan: Yu Pei's voice, through the "Shanshan", extended to a beautiful appearance.
23.(dài) paternal difference (cuàn): when uncles and uncles separated. Wait a minute. All fathers, uncles and uncles are collectively referred to. No, cooking in different stoves means running away from home.
24, often: refers to everywhere, everywhere. And: modify relational conjunctions. Yes: this (sample).
25. Oriental dogs bark at the west: Oriental dogs bark at the west. It means that after separation, dogs treat people who used to live in a yard as strangers.
26. over (yú) eating (páo): over eating in the kitchen. Dong, the kitchen
27. Yes: Yes, soon.
28. Everything has changed again: everything will always be * * *. Again, twice.
29. Answer each other: answer one by one. Phase: a compound word with partial meaning, referring to her (my mother).
30. Bundle hair: In ancient times, boys put their hair in a bun when they were adults. 15 years old refers to childhood.
3 1, Jingri: all day. Unexpectedly, from beginning to end.
32. He (hé): Pass on' He'. Turn it off.
33. Looking at the ruins: reminiscing about the past. Vision: look ahead. C: Look back. Expectation: Generally speaking, it means expectation and nostalgia.
34. Close the window. Close (from the inside). You, window.
35. Almost: I'm afraid, probably, the tone of speculation.
36. Return: Marry my family. Returning, ancient women got married.
37. Use a few books: Learn to write in several cases. A few small or short tables. Book: write.
38. Mothering: Married daughters return home.
39. System: refers to the format and appearance of the building.
40. Manual planting: Manual planting. Hand: by hand.
4 1, graceful as a cover: tall and straight, with a canopy like an umbrella cover. Elegant and straight. Cover, called umbrella in ancient times. [ 1] [4]
Translation of works
Xiangjixuan used to be the south attic. This room is only ten feet square and can only accommodate one person. In this century-old house, the soil (on the roof wall) leaks from above, and the accumulated running water keeps flowing downwards; Every time I move the table, I look around and there is no room for the console table. The house faces north, so the sun can't shine. It gets dark after noon during the day. I repaired it a little so that it wouldn't leak from it. Four windows were opened in front, and a wall was built around the yard to block the sunshine in the south. The sun is reflecting and shining, and the room is very bright. I planted orchids, osmanthus trees, bamboo and other vegetation in the yard at will, and the railings in the past also added new luster. Books at home (not translated as "borrowed" here) are full of shelves. I look up and recite poems loudly, and sometimes I sit alone. Everything in nature has sound; The courtyard and steps are quiet, birds fly down from time to time to peck, and people don't leave here. On the night of the fifteenth day of the lunar calendar, the bright moon hung high and lit up half the wall. The shadows of osmanthus trees were scattered and the breeze blew through them, which was very lovely. [4]
However, I live here, and there are many things to be happy about and many things to be sad about. Before this, the courtyard was connected with the north and the south. When uncle and uncle were separated, many small doors were set up indoors and outdoors, and walls were everywhere. After separation, dogs treat people who used to live in a yard as strangers, guests have to go through the kitchen and chickens live in the hall. The yard was fenced off at first, then it was built into a fence and changed twice. There is an old woman at home who used to live here. This old woman, my dead grandmother's handmaid, has nurtured two generations, and my mother is very kind to her. The west of the house is connected with the inner room. My mother used to come here often. The old woman often says to me: "This place, your mother used to stand here." The old woman added, "Your sister is crying in my arms; Your mother knocked on the door with her finger and said,' Is the child cold? Do you want to eat?' I answered one by one through the door ... "Before I finished, I began to cry, and the old woman shed tears. I have been studying on the porch since I was fifteen. One day, my grandmother came to see me and said, "long time no see, son." Why do you stay here silently all day? What a nice girl. "When you leave, close the door with your hand and say to yourself,' Our scholar has not become famous for a long time, and the success of (my) child is just around the corner! "Soon, he came up with an elephant and said," This was used by my grandfather when Gong Xuande was in office. I will definitely use it in the future! "Looking back, it seems like yesterday, which really makes people cry.
There used to be a kitchen to the east of Jixiangxuan, and people had to pass in front of it to go there. I live in it with the windows closed. After a long time, I can tell who it is by the footsteps. A ridge porch * * * was burned four times, but it couldn't burn down. Probably protected by the gods.
Xiang Ji said: There was a widow named Qing in Bashu. She inherited the cinnabar mine left by her husband, and the mining profit is the highest in the world. Later, Qin Shihuang built a "pregnant platform for women" to commemorate her. Liu Bei and Cao Cao competed for the world, and Zhuge Liang was born in Longzhong and made contributions to agriculture. These two people are still in an unknown remote corner. How can the world know? I live in this shabby hut today, but I enjoy myself and think there are wonders. If anyone knows my situation, I'm afraid I'll be regarded as a short-sighted frog in the well! (People's Education Edition "Appreciation of China's Ancient Poetry and Prose" does not have this paragraph; There is no such paragraph in the original text of Shanghai Education Edition, but it appears as an expanding exercise in the third question of "Thinking and Practice" after class. Shandong Education Publishing House doesn't have this joke. )[ 1]
After I finished writing this article, my wife came to my house five years later. She often comes to the porch to ask me some old things. Sometimes she learns to write at her desk. My wife went back to her parents' house to visit relatives, and came back to relay the words of the younger sisters: "I heard that there is a small attic in my sister's house. What is that small attic?" Six years later, my wife died, and Ji Xiangxuan was dilapidated and not renovated. Two years later, I was ill in bed for a long time and had no (spiritual) sustenance, so I sent someone to repair the South Pavilion, and the pattern was slightly different from the past. However, after that, I spent most of my time outside and didn't often live here.
There is a loquat tree in the yard, which was planted by my wife when she died. Now it is as tall and lush as an umbrella. [ 1] [4]
Writing skill editor
The author is good at describing the disintegration of a feudal family with distinctive details and reflecting the decline of the returning family. The original courtyard of returning home is connected to the north and south, which is a whole. Since the "half-brother", many small doors have been set up and walls are everywhere. Fence off first, and then block it with a wall ("fence first, wall already"). In particular, "East dogs bark in the west, guests have a feast, chickens live in the hall", and a few strokes show the decadent, declining and chaotic situation caused by the disintegration of a feudal family to the fullest. In addition, writing about my grandmother's visit to Xiang Jixuan, encouraging the author to study and seek official positions, praising ancestors, can also dialysis the decline of the way to return home. Gui Youguang's grandmother's grandfather was an official in the imperial court during the reign of Xuande. Now, "my family has been studying for a long time without results", and the children have no hope of being admitted to the imperial examination. But with the function of separation, resulting in a divided and malodorous family, so we had to pin our hopes on our grandson Gui Youguang.
The author is good at expressing the characters by grasping their unique language, actions and life details, and writing them vividly from different angles with different modality. For the mother, write about the action of knocking at the door with her finger when she hears her daughter crying, and "Is it cold?" Want to eat? The problem highlights the loving mother's meticulous care for her children's food and clothing. To my grandmother, I wrote some loving words to her: "My son, I haven't seen you for a long time ..." And when I left, I muttered to myself, and the action of "closing the door by hand" vividly showed my grandmother's love and expectation for her grandchildren. For the wife, writing about her "from time to time, from asking about ancient things, or from several books" simply shows the dependence and love of young couples; Writing that she came back from the province to relay the childish problems of the little sisters not only vividly shows the childish attitude of the little sisters, but also vividly reproduces the scene of love stories between husband and wife. In short, the author can grasp the characteristics of each character, describe their voices, smiles and sincere feelings with a few strokes, and express their deep nostalgia for their loved ones. [ 1]
Structural "off" feeling: the article first writes about the narrowness, leakage and darkness of the porch, and then writes about the beauty, tranquility and serenity after the restoration. Books are accumulated in the porch, flowers and trees are outside the porch; There are birds in the daytime and shadows in the moonlight; It constitutes a harmonious and elegant small world atmosphere. It is the author himself who lives in the center of this small world. His poor life, noble interests and cheerful mood are all naturally revealed unconsciously. The words "how happy and sad" are a link between the preceding and the following, and the thinking has turned sharply. The word "happiness" is mentioned above, and "sadness" comes from the following aspects. First of all, the disintegration of the extended family shows the author's sadness about the decline of the family. Second, the mother's meticulous care for her children shows the author's nostalgia for her mother. Thirdly, grandma's concern, praise and expectation for the author implicitly expressed her infinite sadness about her talent, fame and her concern and expectation of disappointing her loved ones. In the last two sections, the episode of my dead wife's life in the porch and the future changes of the porch are added to express the author's sincerity in missing his wife. Simple words sang a deep lament for life.
Feelings of "Liao" in details: Being good at selecting the most deeply felt details and scenes from daily life, expressing the characters' style and pinning their inner feelings is a major feature of Guiwen. For example, writing about the restored South Pavilion, with books full of shelves, birds singing from time to time, the bright moon half wall and laurel trees mottled, fully shows the author's state of mind of entertaining himself. The environment is quiet, quiet and full of poetry, but the author misses his loved ones more. The author only writes about grandmothers, mothers and wives through one or two things. There is not much pen and ink, and nothing is big, leaving only some figures of the characters, but the voices and smiles of the characters are vividly on the paper.
For example, when the mother heard her sister crying, she knocked on Nan Gezi's door with her finger and said, "Is it cold? Want to eat? " Very common action description, very common life words, vividly describe the mother's love for her children, which is very real to read and listen to. "I cried before I finished, and I cried, too." The feeling of sadness is natural. Lin Shu once said: "The old woman's language in Zhenchuan is trivial and irrelevant, but since she lost her mother's son, she seldom reads it, and bandits don't cry." (Notes on Selected Records of China Ancient Words and Notes on Selected Records of Ji Xiang).
Another example is to write a grandmother's text, which is concise, delicate and vivid. "A big girl" and "A child's success can be treated". One or two movements, such as "closing the door by hand" and "holding the elephant for a while", vividly depict the complex feelings of the old man's concern, praise and urging for his grandchildren. When writing about his dead wife, he just said, "When I get to nave, I'll ask you about old things or learn from some books." A few strokes painted the deep affection between husband and wife. At the end, the author pinned his deep sorrow on a loquat tree. "There is a loquat tree in the yard. My wife planted it in her hand when she died. Now it is as elegant as the cover. " Loquat tree was originally a still life without thoughts and feelings, but it linked the planting time with the year of his wife's death and felt the same; Add the word "today" before "graceful and restrained" to indicate that time is passing and still life shows dynamics. Trees are growing and people are dying! Things have changed! Time flies, unforgettable. I miss people more because I miss people and get in touch with things that have a certain relationship with people. Then the connection with things led to the sadness of the past. Therefore, things are entrusted to send feelings, and things and I blend to further deepen the feelings of missing. Just saying that the tree is growing, not that people are missing, its artistic effect is: endless feelings beyond words, endless words, endless meaning.
Conciseness "adds" emotion: another reason why the article has emotion is that the language is unpretentious. The author doesn't put on a show, pretend to be an amazing pen, or even use sophistry to render, but uses clear and fluent language, narrates in an ordinary way and honestly recalls. But popular nature contains rich expressive force, but simple and clear words can make the scenery picturesque and the characters laugh. If you write an old woman telling her mother's story in a few words, the old woman's expression and maternal love will come to the fore. Grandma's sweet words, mumbling when she left, closing the door with her hand and holding the elephant's head are all realized through common and plain language, but plain words show the affection between people. In addition, the past events announced by my wife after marriage, the words of the little girls relayed after coming back from my parents' home, the slim loquat tree and other details are all true feelings as always. As the saying goes, "What you do is to express your embrace, which is warm and beautiful, like a musical instrument in the Qing Dynasty, singing and sighing." I have no intention of touching people, and the thoughts of happiness and sadness are beyond words "(Wang Xijue's Epitaph of Returning to the Public). It is indeed a remarkable feature of Gui Youguang's prose to move people with emotion and not deliberately pursue strong effects.
Overlapping "helping" feelings: Like general overlapping, overlapping in articles is also to increase the beauty of image and music. Such as "silence" to contrast the quiet environment, "often" to render the clutter of the door wall, "croak" to describe the crying of children, and "silence" to express the writer's hard work. Another example is to write that the trees are swaying in the wind under the moon and use "Shanshan"; Loquat trees stand upright and use "pavilions". With overlapping words, the sound is more vivid, the objects are more detailed and the scenery is more vivid. And when reading, the syllables are harmonious and more beautiful.
In an essay, the author uses six overlapping words simply for the sake of things, scenery and feelings, which is hard to convince. "Drifting with things" and "drifting at will" are exactly what Mr. Liu Xie said. Writing about things and feelings and blending scenes are the real intentions of using reduplicated words in many places in the article. For example, the word "silence" not only emphasizes the tranquility of the environment, but also is full of nostalgia for the life of "Ji Xiangxuan"; The word "Chang" not only emphasizes the omnipresence of the door wall, but also reveals the author's dissatisfaction with the chaotic phenomenon after the separation and his sorrow for the decline of the family. Another example is the word "pavilion", which reminds people of towering trees and graceful figures. This story conveys the author's feelings and melancholy for the deceased, and it is memorable. [ 1]
Appreciation editor of works
Taking the change of the item as a clue, the article writes a series of family trivia, which shows the author's regret for the decline of his family and his deep nostalgia for his deceased grandmother, mother and wife, and also shows the author's pleasure in studying hard when he was young. Everything written in the article is closely related to the item, and "sadness" and "happiness" are the meanings that run through the whole article.
The first paragraph describes the different changes before and after the transformation of Ji Xiangxuan, which is full of "happiness". Before the repair, Ji Xiangxuan was small and dark, and it leaked rain; After the transformation, the neck pavilion is bright, elegant and quiet. In this passage, the author intends to express his deep attachment to the study where he studied and lived as a teenager. It is lovely, amiable and beautiful. But the author tries to describe the old, small, leaking and dark of the original porch first, paving the way for the beauty and loveliness of the restored porch. The charm, loveliness and nostalgia of the restored porch are not only manifested in the brightness, closeness and quietness after the restoration, but also in the author's life interest and natural integration with the surrounding environment. [ 1]
The restored Ji Xiangxuan in the author's works is full of poetry: the original dark hut is bright because the sun shines on the newly-built fence, and four reopened windows are reflected indoors; It turns out that the ordinary fence in front of the hospital has added infinite beauty because the owner planted orchids, osmanthus trees and bamboo pruning around it; During the day, I lie on my back or in the hut, whistling or singing leisurely; Sometimes, a person sitting quietly can clearly hear all kinds of wonderful sounds of nature; The quiet environment in front of the courtyard attracts birds to come for food, and some people don't want to fly away when they come; On the fifteenth night of the lunar calendar, the bright moonlight illuminates half the wall in front of the courtyard, and the shadow of osmanthus trees is scattered on the wall, like a light and beautiful ink painting, which is a living ink painting! The breeze is blowing, and the shadow of the flower is shaking. It's beautiful and lovely.
In the second paragraph, the change of narrative items, recalling the past of mother and grandmother, runs through "sadness" "How gratified and sad", the pain of family background, the feeling of homesickness. First of all, I recall the courtyard changes caused by the Half-Father, reflecting the decline of the family, and the pen and ink are saturated with the author's infinite "sadness"; Through the memory of the old woman's mother, the author can't help crying ("I cry") by reappearing the voice and smile of the loving mother; When I was a child, my grandmother came to see me on the porch. Sincere and touching scenes, earnest instructions and heavy expectations made me cry.
In this passage, the author's emotions, from "sadness" to "crying" and then to crying, are closely related to "how sad" Memories implies the author's lament about family changes, his deep nostalgia for his loved ones, and his deep feelings about his lack of talent and his negative grandmother's expectations.
In the third paragraph, the author describes the scene of studying hard behind closed doors and the fact that Xiao Xuan was burned many times, which is a further supplement to writing "sadness". At the same time, it is revealed between the lines that the author is trying to realize his ideal expectations.
The fifth and sixth paragraphs are supplementary writing, which expresses the memory of his dead wife. This part originally wanted to write about sadness, but it first tried to describe the joy of two people singing in the porch, set off "sadness" with "happiness" and the sadness of losing their wife today. Finally, I hold something and rely on the slender loquat tree to express my deep nostalgia for my dead wife. [ 1]
The last sentence, "There was a loquat tree in the imperial court, which was planted by my wife when she died. Now it is as elegant as the cover. " Expressing emotion by borrowing things shows the author's deep nostalgia for his wife, and also shows the author's long years in Xiangjixuan. [ 1]