Lin Zhizhi
Zhen Zhen's son Lin's toe is in Lin!
Lin's decision, Zhen's surname, Yu's!
The corner of our forest, the vibration of the public, is in the forest!
Author's note:
(1) Lin: Kirin, a legendary animal. It has hoofs that don't tread, forehead that don't touch, and horns that don't touch. The beautiful beast regarded as the supreme by the ancients is also the traditional auspicious beast in China. It has a gentle temperament and is said to live for two thousand years. The ancients believed that wherever Kirin haunts, there must be auspicious signs. Sometimes it is used to describe people with outstanding talents and both ability and political integrity. "Book of Rites Nine Rites": "Forest, phoenix, turtle and dragon are called four spirits".
Therefore, it is compared to the kind and honest character of childe, public surname and public clan.
(2) toe (zhǐ): foot, foot. Refers to the hooves of Kirin.
(3) Vibration (zhēn): Honest and kind.
(4) Childe: the son of a vassal is a childe. The poem "descendants" means the descendants of the Duke of Zhou.
(5) Yu (Ji): Yu is the same as Yu, sighing. Yu Jie: Wow.
(6) D: the top word refers to the amount.
(7) Public surname: the son of the vassal is the son, and the grandson of the son is the public surname.
(8) Gong Zu: descendants of the great-grandson of the vassal. This poem refers to the descendants of Duke Zhou.
The author translated it himself:
Kirin's toes don't step on people. Duke Zhou's sons are so honest and kind, which is the embodiment of Kirin!
Kirin's forehead is not strong, and Zhou Gong's grandchildren are so honest and kind, which is the embodiment of Kirin!
Kirin's tentacles do not hurt people. The descendants of Duke Zhou are so simple and kind, and they are the embodiment of Kirin!
Through the author's brief introduction to The Book of Songs, we can see that there are many descriptions of plants, aquatic plants and trees in the poem, especially in the national style, which all reflect the social features at that time. This poem is different. It's about Kirin. What exactly is Kirin? The author tried to find some clues from the literature.
Kirin is found in the literature: The Spring and Autumn Annals has a detailed record of Kirin. That is, in the Spring and Autumn Annals, Lu Aigong was captured in the 14th year (45 BC1).
"Spring and Autumn Annals" records: "Spring, hunting in the west, gaining forest." .
Zuo Zhuan in the Spring and Autumn Period is dissolved as: "In the spring of the fourteenth year, I went hunting in Xiao Ye, and my uncle's car (chú) was bought by a merchant as an ominous gift to people in distress. Zhong Ni said, "Yelin" and then took it. "
During the Warring States Period, Gongyanggao's "GongyangChunqiu" recorded in detail the event of "hunting for forests in the western expedition": "In spring, hunting for forests in the western expedition. Why book, remember the difference. Why you are not the beast of China. However, whoever accepts the job will be paid. Those who get paid are also small, because the inauguration words are also big. Become great, become great. In order to gain the greatness of Lin, Lin is also a matter of opinion. There is a king, but there is no king. Some people tell them:' Some people have horns. Confucius said,' Who's coming? Who's here! Wipe your face with tears and robes. When Yan Yuan died, Confucius said,' Alas! Heaven bereaves relatives. When Luz died, Confucius said,' Hey! God bless you. Confucius said,' I am poor. ' "。
The author's explanation is that the driver of Sun Shushi, an aristocrat of Lu, was named Shang Yan, and he caught a prey named Kirin while hunting in Daye. The prey hunted by nobles is mainly used for sacrificial purposes.
In addition, "Mencius" also recorded: "Mencius saw Liang, Wang Li went to the marsh, and Gu Hongyan elk said,' Sages are also happy'".
This proves that at least in the Zhou Dynasty, there were domesticated elk in the royal gardens.
It can be seen from the literature that during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the ancients recorded Kirin in books. It is not only the hunting object of ancestors, but also an important sacrifice in religious ceremonies.
What is the "forest" in The Journey to the West;
Author's analysis:
The unicorn shape we see today actually first appeared in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. In the early Han Dynasty, almost all the Kirin models were based on animals such as deer, and the images of horses, cows, rhinoceroses and other animals were sandwiched between them. From the zoological point of view, at least before the Han Dynasty, the image of China Kirin should have appeared as a herbivore. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, after Buddhism was introduced into China, many ancient Indian artistic models were also introduced. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, with the great influence of Buddhism, the shape of Kirin changed greatly, absorbing the animal shapes in Buddhist legends and gradually evolving into animal shapes.
Some scholars even think unicorns are giraffes. This is actually a tribute that Zheng He brought back from foreign countries when he went to the West in the Ming Dynasty. 14 15 (13th year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty), Zheng He returned to Nanjing with a giraffe presented by King Marin. Because the giraffe looks like the auspicious thing in China folklore-Kirin, and people in China knew little about giraffes at that time, everyone agreed that the giraffe given by Marin was Kirin.
The unicorn with dragon characteristics that we see today was finally formed in the Yuan Dynasty.
A message can be drawn from the record of "Hunting westward and gaining a forest" in Spring and Autumn Annals. Since this beast called Kirin can be captured, it must be a beast living in the wild. In fact, many of these beasts in China also have prototypes, but they are constantly given more and more imagination space, and finally become the artificial imagination we see now. Then back to the Spring and Autumn Period 2500 years ago, we can know from the story of "Hunting the Woods in the Western Expedition" that since Kirin can be captured by hunters, it shows that this animal is not a god beast, but an animal that really existed or once existed. However, the story of "Hunting Forest in the Western Expedition" itself shows that in China at that time, this unicorn-based animal was actually on the verge of extinction, and even only the remnants of this ethnic group were left, which could not maintain the continued reproduction and development of the species.
To sum up, the author thinks that the unicorn in Journey to the West is an elk.
Elk was once widely distributed in East Asia. Later, due to natural climate change and human factors, it was almost extinct in the late Han Dynasty. According to scientific research, as early as 3000 years ago, there were elk in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and the Yangtze River in China, which gradually decreased after the Han Dynasty. It has lived in China for millions of years. Unearthed wild elk fossils show that elk originated more than 2 million years ago, and flourished from about 1000 to about 3000 years ago, with hundreds of millions of them. Both the number of elk fossils and the number of specimens from a fossil site in China declined rapidly after the Shang and Zhou Dynasties about 3,000 years ago, until the wild elk finally disappeared in the early Qing Dynasty.
The author's own appreciation of poetry;
The author thinks that this poem "Finger in the Woods" celebrates the character of the descendants of Duke Zhou. Duke Zhou, praised by later generations as virtuous and implicit, can also reflect Nan Zhou's theme from one side. This poem should be a work in the middle and late Western Zhou Dynasty.
In the Preface to Shi Mao, there is a saying that "Guan Ju's trip will not violate the world, although he is a son of the world, his trust is as thick as his toes".
In Zhu's Biography of Poetry, the explanation that "the queen's concubines are virtuous, and the descendants are all virtuous, so the poet thrives on the toes of the forest" seems to refer to "descendants";
Knowing the lofty position of "Lin" in the eyes of the ancients, we can grasp the strong praise conveyed by this poem.
The author's own appreciation of poetry;
The whole poem consists of three chapters, three sentences in each chapter, or repeated chapters and sentences with three sighs, with repeated writing techniques and rhetorical devices.
The "toe of the forest" leads to the "real Gong vibrator", just like two beautiful pictures superimposed and printed: the "real Gong vibrator" is fluttering, and the Yushu is facing the wind; "Zhen Zhen Gongzi" is honest and kind, with both ability and political integrity; "Zhen Zhen Gongzi" is gentle and has six arts. What word is used to describe "Zhen Zhen's son"? The poet thought of the unicorn, a kind animal. The images of the two are so consistent and matched, he blurted out: "The toes in the forest, the vibration of the childe, are in the forest!" Kirin and "real Gong oscillator", this heartfelt admiration, overflowed from the poetry population, which is a compliment and a positive word. The meaning of the words changed in the second and third chapters has not changed much: from the toe of "Lin" to "Ding" and "Jiao", it is a repeated praise for Kirin; Compared with "Gongzi", "Gongxing" and "Gong Zu", they are honest and kind.
The three chapters are repeated and repeated. Poetry is progressive, and the images of Kirin and Gongzi are constantly flashing alternately, bringing out the best in each other. The ears echoed with praise. The intersection of visual images and auditory effects and the repetition of overlapping chapters create such a warm and exciting poetic feeling.