The reason why Pan An's "Mourning Poems" is highly praised is not accidental. Chinese women have always been diligent and frugal, and have put in a lot of work in raising children, running housework, etc. However, due to the patriarchal society, their achievements are often ignored. In addition, don’t the Chinese value “implicitness”? People are generally used to not showing their feelings, especially when they are a couple. Looking through tens of thousands of ancient poems, there are very few works that deeply express the feelings of husband and wife, which is a clear proof. Perhaps due to the arrival of death, the emotions accumulated in the heart suddenly burst out, surging and unstoppable. Once they are written down and chanted into mourning poems, they will often cause the soul to scream. Besides, Pan An was originally a master of writing sad poems, and his expertise in romance undoubtedly contributed to the spread of "Poems of Mourning".
Since then, mourning poems have been written in almost all dynasties. Among them, the three poems "Revelation of Sorrow" by the poet Yuan Zhen of the Tang Dynasty are very famous: "I sincerely know that everyone has this hatred, and poor and lowly couples are sad for everything!" Only I will keep my eyes open all night long, and I will repay you all my life without raising my eyebrows!" The narrative is true, the emotions are crazy, and the language is sincere. It is recognized as a masterpiece among mourning poems. "In Memoriam" written by Wu Meicun in memory of his deceased wife is also a good and sincere poem:
The autumn wind rustles the curtains in the sky, and when you wake up from alcohol, your clothes are filled with tears. After hard work, I tried to leave early, but I don’t know if we can go home together. You and your relatives are ashamed that I am still here, and life and death are always unreasonable. The saddest part is watching a young girl, with a light shining on the buzzer in the window. The poet's wife Yu died in the fourth year of Shunzhi (1647). At this time, it was only two years since the Qing soldiers marched directly to capture Nanjing and Wu Weiye led his family to escape the chaos in the countryside. As the saying goes, the greatest sadness in life is the loss of a mother in childhood, a wife in middle age, or a son in old age. The author was only thirty-nine years old at the time. He was in middle age and lost his wife. The country was destroyed and his wife died. The stimulation to Plum Village was really great. "Autumn wind", "empty curtain", "more broken", in a desolate environment, the poet woke up from alcohol. Thinking of his deceased wife whom he had been with day and night, he couldn't help but shed tears on his clothes and couldn't sleep for a long night.
Although people have died, the traces left by the passage of time are still vivid in our minds. Wu Weiye was successful at a young age and achieved consecutive successes. At the age of 23, he won the second place and was awarded the title of Editor of the Hanlin Academy. Emperor Chongzhen gave him a special gift to return home and get married, and he married the virtuous Mrs. Yu. What an honor! At that time, his mentor Zhang Pu once wrote a poem to congratulate: "All good things in the world will return to my son, and I will be worthy of being a Confucian scholar. I will never forget my family until I get rich. A sage can learn from my friends." ("Sending Duke Wu Jun back to marry") Indeed, fate God seems to have arranged everything for Wu Weiye, and his blossoming future is fascinating. "All good things in this world come home to you." Plum Village was indeed at the luckiest moment in her life at that time.
But the good times did not last long. In the last years of Chongzhen, the situation changed suddenly, especially the Jiashen Revolution and the Yiyou Rebellion, which led to the demise of the Ming Dynasty. In those years of war and chaos, it was Mrs. Yu who shared the joys and sorrows with Wu Weiye and shared the heavy burdens. In the second year of Shunzhi, driven by the iron heel of the Qing soldiers, Wu Weiye and Mrs. Yu took their whole family and fled to Fanqing Lake in a stormy boat to seek refuge with their relatives. For the noble lady who usually lived in a high-rise building and deep courtyard, It was indeed very difficult, but I managed to survive. But not long after suffering the pain caused by the chaos, Mrs. Yu left the world prematurely. "Hard work leaves you early, but you never know whether you will return together after being separated." This word is full of infinite bitterness, and it is indeed the heartfelt words they uttered after experiencing the disaster together.
From the death of Mrs. Yu, I think that after the death of the Ming Dynasty, I failed to die in righteousness, and I was really ashamed of my king and relatives. What he feels painfully and sadly is that the country has changed hands and everyone has changed: "You are ashamed that I am still here, and life and death are always wrong without reason." It is a reflection of his thoughts at that time. Therefore, this mourning poem is different from ordinary mourning poems. In addition to expressing deep condolences for his deceased wife, he also integrates his own life experience and the pain of his family and country into the poem. The content of the poem has long gone beyond the scope of mourning his deceased wife. , undoubtedly expands the social significance of poetry. At the end, a young girl loses her mother and the cloth machine loses its owner, which reflects the depth of sorrow. It seems like an accidental stroke, but it is endlessly memorable.
This poem can be regarded as a simple and unpretentious one among Mei Cun's works. The language is not much modified and there is no use of allusions. However, because of the sincere and strong feelings, it is very moving.
Wu Weiye had his own attitude towards the Ming Dynasty, the Qing court, officials, the people, etc. Likewise, he also had tender feelings for his wife, family, and children. From this poem, we can strongly feel that he is a poet with rich emotions and flesh and blood.
Four great mourning poems in ancient China:
1. Jiang Chengzi·Dreams on the night of the 20th day of the first lunar month of Yi Mao
Author: Su Shi
Ten years of life and death are so vast that I cannot forget them without thinking about them. Thousands of miles of lonely tomb, no place to speak of desolation. Even if we meet each other, we should not know each other. Our face is covered with dust and our temples are like frost.
At night, I suddenly returned home with a deep dream, and I was dressing up outside the small window. They looked at each other without words, only a thousand lines of tears. It is expected that the place where the heart is broken every year, on a bright moonlit night, there is a short pine hill.
2. Three mourning poems (Part 1)
Author: Pan An
Winter and spring are passing by, and the cold and heat are suddenly changing.
The son returned to Qiongquan, and the heavy soil will forever separate him.
Who can control selfish thoughts? What's the point of staying in floods?
He obeyed the imperial orders and returned to his original position.
I look at the house and think about the person, and I think about what I have experienced when I enter the house.
There is no image on the curtain screen, but there are traces of calligraphy and ink.
The fragrance has not yet stopped, but it is still hanging on the wall.
The feeling of sadness may exist, not to mention the fear and alarm.
Like the Hanlin bird, it only roosts twice a day.
Like a fish swimming in Sichuan, you can analyze the road in your eyes.
The spring breeze comes, and the morning breeze falls on the eaves.
When do you forget to go to bed? Worry accumulates day by day.
The common people sometimes decline, but Zhuang Fou can still be attacked.
Note: ①Some versions here are "week".
Translation:
Time passes, winter turns to spring, you go to the blue sky, and the layers of soil isolate us forever. I am also very conflicted about whether to leave or not. I want to stay here, but you are no longer here, so what’s the use of staying here? I reluctantly obeyed the court’s order, changed my mind, and returned to the place where I originally worked. Look at us* ** I lived in the same house. When I walked in, I thought of you and all the experiences I had with you. However, I can no longer see you among the tents and screens. But the relics of your pen and ink hanging on the wall are still graceful and fragrant. In a daze, you were still with me. It wasn’t until I saw your portrait hanging on the wall that I thought you had left me. I felt lost and a little scared. We are like birds, but now I am alone; like flounder swimming together in the river, your leaving midway makes it difficult for me to move forward. Winter turns to spring, cold and heat change, and it has suddenly passed the anniversary of your death. It's the time when the spring breeze blows, and the morning breeze slips under the eaves, which makes people feel sad and makes it difficult to fall asleep. When will the deep sorrow be relieved? Like the drizzle in three springs, it lasts endlessly and fills my heart. If you want to weaken your grief, you can only follow Zhuang Zhou's example and knock the basin.
3. Partridge Sky·Everything will go wrong if we pass through the Chang Gate again
Author: He Zhu
Everything will go wrong if we pass through the Chang Gate again. How can we come back differently? After the parasol trees were half dead and the frost cleared, the white-headed mandarin ducks flew away without their companions.
The grass on the plains shows the first signs of sunshine. The old habitat and the new ridge are both close to each other. Lying on an empty bed listening to the rain outside the south window, who will stay up all night to mend clothes?
4. Lisi (Part 4)
Author: Yuan Zhen
Once the sea was filled with water,
Excepting Wushan is not a cloud.
Take a look back at Huacong Lazy,
Half of you are destined to practice Taoism and half of you are destined to be a king.
Others:
1. The Book of Songs·Beifeng·Green Clothes
The clothes are green and the clothes are green, and the clothes are green and the inside is yellow.
My heart is full of worries, just protect yourself!
Green clothes, green clothes and yellow clothes.
My heart is full of worries, and I want to defend my death!
It is green and silky, and is governed by women.
I miss the ancients, so I can’t help myself!
The weather is rusty and windy.
I miss the ancients, and they really won my heart!
2. Relieve sadness
Author: Yuan Zhen
Part One
Xie Gong was the youngest and favored his daughter, so he married Qian Lou Pepsi be good.
Looking at me, I have no clothes to search for a bag of water chestnuts, while others are selling wine and pulling out gold hairpins.
The wild vegetables add to the meal, and the sweet cichlids grow tallow, and the fallen leaves add fuel to the ancient locust trees.
Today's salary exceeds one hundred thousand, and I will pay tribute to the emperor and resume the camp.
Second
What we joked about in the past is now coming before our eyes.
The clothes have been worn and all have been seen, but the needle and thread are still there and cannot be untied.
I still miss my old love and pity my maidservant, and I also gave money to her in my dream.
I sincerely know that everyone has this hatred, and poor and lowly couples suffer from everything.
Third
Sitting idle and grieving for the king also grieves for oneself, a hundred years is how long.
Deng You had no children to find out his fate, but Pan Yue wasted no time in mourning his death.
No matter where you look at the same acupuncture point, it will be more difficult to predict his fate.
I will keep my eyes open all night long to repay you for not raising my eyebrows in my life.
3. Mourning for Xuetai
Author: Bai Juyi
Wutong was half dead because of old age and illness,
Chongquan’s thoughts hurt his spirit.
Returning to the hospital at night with the child in hand,
The empty room is empty in the cold moonlight and no one is there.
4. Two poems about Shen Yuan
Author: Lu You
First one
The setting sun on the city draws a sad corner, Shen Yuan is not a restored pool platform .
The spring waves under the sad bridge were green, and it was once the shadow of a startling grand.
Second
The dream has faded and the fragrance has faded for forty years, and the old willows in the garden have stopped blowing.
This body is walking in the soil of Jishan, and its traces are still missing.
5. Nanxiangzi·Inscribed a photo for the deceased wife
Author: Nalan Xingde
Crying but silently. I only regret the past and my ruthless feelings, relying on my paintings to reflect on my feelings, full of sadness, and I can't paint them. The other words are so clear, I wake up early from a dream at midnight. Since I woke up early in the morning, I have been dreaming, and I have been crying all over the wind and rain every night.
6. Jinluqu·Feelings on the Anniversary of the Death of My Wife
Author: Nalan Xingde
When will this hatred end? The steps are empty, the rain breaks in the colder weather, and the weather is full of flowers. The soul has been dreaming for three years, and it is time to wake up from the dream. Materials are also felt, and the world is tasteless. It is not as dusty as the night platform, deserted and a place of sorrow. The promise was abandoned.
If there is a Pisces in Chongquan. I wish I could know him, who I can depend on for all my joys and sorrows over the years. I have turned sideways since the middle of the night, and I can't bear to listen to the Xiang string and pay attention to it. When we get married, we will know him for life. I'm also afraid that both of them will die, and if they meet again, they will live in the wind for a long time. The tears are gone and the paper is ashes.
7. Mourning Poems
Author: Shen Yue
It was March and May in autumn, but the beams are still shining this autumn. This spring the orchid and cymbidium will be fragrant again in the coming spring. It's sad that people have different ways, and they will perish forever with a single thank you. The curtains and screens were destroyed, and the curtains and mats were stretched. The wandering dust covers the empty seat, and the lonely tent covers the empty bed.
All things are done without end, only to cause harm to those who survive.