Looking at Lushan Waterfall
Li Bai in the Tang Dynasty
The incense burner in Rizhao is full of purple smoke, and the waterfall hangs in front of Sichuan.
It's flying down three thousands of feet, and it's suspected that the Milky Way has set for nine days.
The sun shines on the censer peak, and a faint purple smoke rises.
From a distance, a waterfall hangs in front of the mountain.
There are three thousands of feet waterfalls flowing rapidly.
It is doubtful that the bank fell in nine days.
About the author:
Li Bai (71-762), whose name is Taibai, was a great romantic poet in the Tang Dynasty, and was praised as a "poetic immortal" by later generations. Han nationality, whose ancestral home is Chengji in Longxi (now Qin 'an County, Tianshui, Gansu Province), was born in Broken Leaf City (in the Tang Dynasty, it was the capital of Anxi, in today's Kyrgyzstan). When he was young, he moved to Qinglian Township in Changlong, Mianzhou, Jiannan Province (now jiangyou city, Sichuan Province) with his father. He likes to travel around all his life. Because he lived in Qinglian for the longest time in his life, his life in Qinglian also had a deep influence on his outlook on life and values, so he was later called Qinglian layman. Li Bai has more than a thousand poems, among which Li Taibai Collection has been handed down from generation to generation. In 762, he died in Maanshan City, Anhui Province, at the age of 61. Li Bai lived in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. At the age of twenty-five, he left Sichuan alone and began to roam widely. He went to Xiangjiang River in Dongting in the south and Yuezhou (Huiji County) in the east, and lived in Anlu and Yingshan. It was not until the first year of Tianbao (742) that Li Bai was called to Chang 'an to worship the Hanlin. Later, because he was unable to meet the dignitaries, he was given the gold back after only two and a half years in Beijing, and then Gao Tianshi, like a Taoist priest, recorded the Taoist Purple Palace in Jinan (now Jinan City, Shandong Province). Become a real Taoist and lead a wandering life. Later generations called Li Bai and Du Fu "Li Du" and Li Bai "Poet Fairy". The overall style of his poems is fresh and elegant, which not only reflects the prosperity of the times, but also exposes the dissoluteness and corruption of the ruling class, showing the positive spirit of despising the powerful, resisting the traditional bondage and pursuing freedom and ideals.
in the fifteenth year of Tianbao, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty adopted the suggestions of Fang Mo, the new prime minister, and issued an imperial edict to "control", and divided his four sons into four places, which caused the rebels to encircle each other. Unexpectedly, Prince Li Heng took the throne in Lingwu (now Lingwu County, Ningxia) before this imperial edict, and changed the title to the first year of Zhide, honoring Xuanzong as the emperor's father. Xuanzong learned that although he was unhappy, he was old. Secondly, considering that he had caused rebellion in his throne, he felt guilty and did not pursue the fait accompli. However, Yong Wang Li Kun, in the prime of his life, was strong and ambitious. He was dissatisfied with Prince Li Heng's unauthorized claim to the throne, so he didn't go to Shu on orders. Instead, he moved to Jiangxia and continued to expand his army and recruit talents to compete with Su Zong Li Heng. Therefore, Li Bai was unfortunately deceived and entered his shogunate, and then he was arrested and imprisoned, and finally he was exiled to Yelang. This is another story. At this time, Li Bai wanted to visit his younger brother in Yuzhang because of his wife's longing for his younger brother, so he left Xuancheng and went to Lushan Mountain, which is very close to Yuzhang. Lushan Mountain is a famous mountain in the world, and its scenery is unparalleled. Li Bai observed the ninth day and loved it deeply. He wrote many poems to praise the beautiful scenery of Lushan Mountain. Looking at Lushan Waterfall is the most representative one.
Li Bai has traveled to many famous mountains and rivers in his life, and he loves the scenery of Lushan Mountain very much. From his poems such as "Live in harmony and be willing to leave the world forever" (one of Looking at Lushan Waterfall), we can see that he once had the idea of retiring from Lushan Mountain in his later years. This poem may be his work towards the end of his life. "Looking at Lushan Waterfall" has two songs, the first one is a five-character ancient style, and the second one is selected here, which is a seven-character quatrain.
This is a poem describing the scenery, in which the incense burner refers to the incense burner peak. In this sentence, a figurative rhetorical device is used to describe the scene that the sun shines on the misty incense burner peak and presents purple clouds. The use of the verb "sheng" in this sentence should be understood as the meaning of generation and transformation. The poet watched the scenery from a distance under the censer peak of Lushan Mountain. He first looked from the incense burner peak above, "Rizhao incense burner gives birth to purple smoke", the sun shines on the incense burner peak, and purple smoke is rising in the incense burner. Smoke is generally grayish white. How can the smoke here be purple? Because there is a waterfall under the incense burner peak, water vapor transpiration, mixed with cloud gas, and sunlight, reflecting purplish red, from a distance, purple smoke clouds hover around the peak shaped like incense burners. How wonderful the scenery is! Smoke from incense burner is a very common thing, and poets use it to describe the wonderful landscape of incense burner peak.
then look down to the waterfall of censer peak. "Looking at the waterfall hanging in front of the river from afar" describes the waterfall hanging in the distance like a white bead curtain between mountains and rivers. In this sentence, a verb "Gua" is used to describe the waterfall in the distance statically, and the image of Lushan Waterfall vertically downward is vividly displayed in front of readers. Looking from a distance, a waterfall hangs on the water in front. The most vivid thing here is the word "hang". Waterfall was originally water that suddenly poured down from the mountain wall, which looked like hanging cloth from a distance, so it was called waterfall. The author uses the word "hang" to describe it from top to bottom, which is very vivid. In the first poem of "Looking at Lushan Waterfall", there is a poem of "hanging for 3 feet", which also uses "hanging" to describe Xianglufeng Waterfall.
The third and fourth sentences further describe the waterfall. "Flying straight down three thousands of feet" describes the waterfall soaring straight down from a high place, which is very spectacular, and is as long as "three thousands of feet". The "Three thousands of feet" in the sentence is an exaggerated rhetorical device, not a real reference, which describes the grandeur of the mountains and waterfalls flying down. The verb "fly" in the sentence dynamically describes the Lushan Waterfall, and vividly shows the waterfall jumping and soaring in the air to the readers. ",write a waterfall from the high mountain straight down the rapidly-changing situation. "Three thousands of feet" is an exaggerated figure, which, like the above-mentioned "hanging three hundred feet", exaggerates the momentum of the waterfall flying down from the extremely high place of the steep mountain wall. The last sentence "It is suspected that the Milky Way has fallen for nine days" means that "the waterfall soaring from high places makes people suspect that the Milky Way has poured down from above nine days". This sentence uses exaggerated rhetorical devices, and the word "falling" in the sentence pours the huge waterfall, showing its majestic momentum. It is doubtful that the Milky Way has landed from a very high sky. The Milky Way is a silvery white light band that surrounds the sky on a clear night. It is both spectacular and full of mysterious beauty. It is a natural astronomical spectacle. Using the Milky Way as a metaphor for waterfalls shows the magnificent spectacle of waterfalls, which is really ingenious. When using this metaphor, the poet does not use the word "like" or "like", but uses a word "doubt" to deliberately say that it is true or false, but it emphasizes the degree of realism of the similarity between the two.
The first two sentences of this poem describe the purple scene generated by the sun shining on the misty incense burner peak and the beautiful scene between the hanging mountains and rivers looking up at the waterfall. The last two sentences use exaggerated rhetoric to describe the spectacular scene of the waterfall jumping, soaring and descending. This is a lyric poem. Through the description of Lushan Waterfall, it praises the great rivers and mountains of the motherland, expresses its love for the great rivers and mountains of the motherland, and at the same time shows its open mind and high spirit.