When ancient people got married, they probably had to go through the following procedures.
Zhou Dynasty's "Book of Rites·Hunyi" stipulates six rites, namely: accepting gifts, asking for names, accepting gifts, accepting invitations, asking for appointments, and personally welcoming. Since then, this ritual system has been generally followed in all dynasties.
The first is acceptance. If a man wants to get married to a woman, he must ask a matchmaker to propose marriage to the woman. After receiving the consent, he will formally accept the "gift of selection" from the woman's family. That is, as the saying goes, the parents' orders and the matchmaker's words. As the name suggests, matchmaker refers to a person who plans to marry two surnames; concubine refers to a person who considers two surnames. When a matchmaker comes out to hang out, in fact, according to ancient rules, he must have a guy on hand. One is the ax and the other is the scale. Having an ax comes from a poem in "The Book of Songs·Binfeng·Fake": Fake, Fake, but the bandit's ax cannot defeat him. How about taking a wife? No matchmaking allowed. There are scales, and the emphasis is on matching. The ancients paid a lot of attention to the aspect of being well-matched. For example, good people and bad people should not marry. For example, Jia Baoyu could not marry Qingwen as his wife, and Jia Lian could not support the second sister You. Of course, there are exceptions. For example, in the Song Dynasty, there was a practice of choosing a son-in-law from a high school official. Similar to now, if you are admitted as a civil servant, you won't have to worry about not having a woman.
Of course, there is another more special form of marriage, such as foreign-related marriage. Generally speaking, marriage arrangements during the Han and Tang dynasties were relatively relaxed, regardless of whether they were royal or private. In the middle and late Tang Dynasty, control was relatively strict. For example, it was stipulated that in principle, non-resident Fan people could not marry locally. Even if a foreigner with a Tang Dynasty green card married a Han woman, he could not take the Fan country back with him. The border has become even stricter, ever since the Wuyou City incident (Tubo married a woman to Weizhou in the Tang Dynasty and gave birth to two sons. When they grew up, they switched to Xiancheng and Tubo, and then Tubo changed Weizhou to Wuyou City. The scene of the phoenix dancing in the sky in Gu Long's "Lu Xiaofeng" is probably an allusion to this story), and strict control began. In the Song Dynasty, there was also an allusion to the Qingli increase in coins. Liao wanted to marry him, but Song replied that if he didn't want a woman, he would rather give him money. Not to mention the Song Dynasty, they did much better than the Han and Tang Dynasties in this regard. Under the Yuan Dynasty system, taking leader Zhang as an example, if he married Zhao Min, he would automatically become a Mongolian citizen (conform to Mongolia). If you marry Xiao Zhao, the lustful girl will be demoted one level (subordinate to her husband). Marrying Zhou Zhiruo is no problem. Marrying Yin Li was no problem at that time, but now Xiao Xiong will report him for marrying a close relative. He would really regret marrying the Yin Yang family. Even in the Xiami era, it would be considered adultery. In the Ming Dynasty, Chong Bage was dying and was not allowed to stay in Mongolia, the Han area of ??the Central Plains. The Semu people were allowed to marry within the ethnic group and were only allowed to intermarry with Han people. It seemed that no one suffered from each other, but in fact many married Hu Ji (such as those who guarded Ningwuguan in the late Ming Dynasty). Zhou Yuji, whose wife is Mongolian), but not many are willing to marry their daughters to herd sheep. In the Qing Dynasty, only banner men were allowed to marry Han women, and banner women were not allowed to marry Han men. This is unkind.
After talking about several special situations, let’s continue with the etiquette of Nacai. The most important part is Dianyan. In a marriage based on the six rites, except for the levy (lower betrothal), the other five rites require the man's messenger to carry a goose as a gift to the woman's family. Because geese are migratory birds, they migrate north and south at regular intervals with climate changes, and their mates are fixed. If one dies, the other will no longer choose a mate. The ancients believed that the movement of wild geese from south to north conforms to the yin and yang, and the fixed spouse is in accordance with the righteousness and etiquette. The use of wild geese as a ritual in marriage symbolizes the harmony of yin and yang, and also symbolizes the loyalty and single-mindedness of the bride. Remember, it must be a live goose, and it must be released afterwards, otherwise it will be unlucky. Of course, even in ancient times, wild geese were not easy to obtain, so geese or pheasants could be used instead. Not much to say about other gifts.
After passing the acceptance, the next step is to ask for the name. The man sends a matchmaker to the woman's house to ask her for her name, date of birth and horoscope. After getting back the Geng Tie, the fortune teller will combine the horoscope and the auspicious sign. Good or bad luck. There are a lot of fancy things in Geng Tie. For example, the zodiac signs are particular. For example, women born in the year of tiger or sheep are taboo. Of course, as high as the Tao is, so is the devil. There was no identification system at that time. It is common practice for the woman to ask a magician to change the Geng Tie in advance. For example, tigers can be divided into tigers ascending the mountain and tigers descending the mountain. They can generally be changed to cows or rabbits. So it’s really hard to guess a woman’s age. There is a joke in the Qing Dynasty Notes. There is a woman who faked the Geng Tie, "... When he was appointed as the prefect of Hangzhou, his wife received the fourth rank title. More than ten years after the uncle's death, the sons will call their mother seventy years old. After setting up the business in advance, the respectful man laughed and said: "One day is not my real birthday. It's terrible. It is really a great misfortune in life to marry such a wife." Copy a zodiac song for everyone to appreciate: The rat will be worried for ten thousand years when he sees the sheep; the white horse will see the green ox; the tiger will see the snake like a knife; the rabbit will not last long when seeing the dragon; the rooster will not meet the dog; the pig will not be seen. Apes. There are many other things to say, so I won’t list them all, lest the old girls who can’t get married in the wine have opinions about the little bear. In the conscience of heaven and earth, Little Bear respects women the most.
After both parties have combined their horoscopes and feel that it is OK, they will move on to the next step: Najib. After asking for her name and horoscope, the man informs the woman of the good omen of marriage and gives her a gift as a sign of engagement. They also have to perform the ceremony of laying geese. It is also a formal marriage certificate. There is a whole set of procedures for signing and so on. Now it is probably the registration and pre-marital property fair process.
Then the fourth step is to accept the levy. Also called Nacoin. To put it more simply, it means giving a betrothal gift. Each code is different. In the early days, silk and silk were used, and then gold, silver, and so on. The Southern Song Dynasty's "Meng Liang Lu - Marriage" records: The household had one tael of gold, five taels of silver, six pieces of colored satin, and forty bolts of miscellaneous silk. The middle household contains five coins of gold, four taels of silver, four pieces of colored satin, and thirty bolts of miscellaneous silk. The lower household has thirty taels of silver, three pieces of colored satin on the outside and inside, and fifteen bolts of silk for miscellaneous purposes. Not to mention modern times.
By the way, let’s talk about a detail in old mainland movies. When someone is standing in front of someone on the eighth road, the lover’s sister will usually ask him for a pair of shoes, which means that the marriage is finalized. This actually has something to do with ancient customs. In ancient times, men would give gifts such as silk threads, and women would give gifts such as shoes and socks in return, symbolizing harmony. On the other hand, if you watch old movies about the National Army, most of them will give you a handkerchief and shrimps. It's not the little bear who is instigating this, which is unlucky. The soles are given as a gift. Firstly, they are good-looking, and secondly, they are practical. They can run fast, jump high, and are very comfortable. Even when they dodge, they are more handsome than others. Where's the handkerchief, waving it in surrender? Cover the wound? Will written in blood? No matter how you look at it, it seems unlucky.
After sending financial gifts, the next step is to ask for the due date. Counting good times and auspicious days, he was ready to marry a new wife. Then comes the most important step.
Welcome. In short, it is the etiquette of the groom personally taking the bride home. In ancient times, the bridegroom would be welcomed in person. In ancient times, the groom would drive his car to the bride's house, and the groomsmen would praise her, her parents-in-law, and other relatives. There is a set of etiquette inside, and then the bride comes out and gets into the car. The groom rides the wheel for three weeks and returns first. The bride rides in the back car and is accompanied by several relatives of the bride's family, which is called "bringing off". Note that the carriage the bride rides in is usually prepared by the bride herself and must be returned by the groom three months later. It is called "anti-horse". That is to say, in the modern sense, the three-month probation period can only be officially taken up. You can return the product if you are not a virgin, which is in line with the core spirit of Chinese culture. good! ! ! ! In ancient times, there were also poems to remind people of makeup, car wrecks, etc. For example, in the Tang Dynasty, when Princess Yunyang got married, the groom was Lu Chang, and the groom's poem was: "Princess Yun'an is noble, and she is marrying into the family of the Five Marquises. Mother Heaven mixes the powder, and Brother Ri pity gives flowers. I urge you to lay out the Baizi Tent, and wait for it." The car with seven fragrances is blocked. I wonder if the makeup has been completed yet, and the morning glow is coming to the east." The maids in the palace were willing to joke with him because they felt that Lu Chang was very clever in playing Wu Yin. Song Ruolan and Song Ruozhao, the talented ladies in the palace, wrote poems: "The twelve stories are leaning against the blue sky, and the phoenixes and phoenixes are facing the sycamores. When the two of them go to report to the prison guards, don't use them." Wu Xi (song of Wu Di) entered the Han palace. "Lu Chou said: "The pink-faced immortal man came to the Holy Dynasty, and he happened to learn how to play the flute. It was so elegant in ancient times that the best man openly flirted with the TWINS among the bridesmaids). Not now, most of the nonsensical elements are in it. Misunderstanding 1: Worship indiscriminately. Nowadays, when we talk about husband and wife bowing to each other, we talk about two people touching each other. This is not the sworn relationship between two people on Liangshan Mountain. In ancient rituals, the woman bows first, and the man bows in return. If so, then this is the fourth step. This is the king's way, the husband's way, the right way. In addition, let’s talk about the misunderstanding about the location of the worship hall. The so-called Qinglu sworn ceremony is actually a custom in the Northern Dynasties. It was changed in the Tang Dynasty and was changed to the hall. "Shi Shuo Xin Yu" records that during the Han Dynasty, Cao Cao and Yuan Shao robbed other people's green houses and disrupted weddings. In fact, they were robbing foreigners' weddings, similar to today's Chinese people rushing into churches to snatch foreign girls. Misunderstanding 2: Wearing clothes randomly. Nowadays, Chinese people are used to wearing random clothes, Chinese-style weddings, cheongsams and Tang suits, (oh my god, are weddings and weddings held together?), have you never seen authentic Chinese wedding attire, Fengguan Xiapei, such high-end goods are better than those on Sima Road in the Republic of China. The professional standard set is much stronger. Western-style wedding, wearing the wrong garland (one is not a field platoon, the other is not participating in the Olympics, the third is not the Supreme Treasure, the wrong position, situation, why), the wrong ring (can’t figure out whether it’s an engagement or a wedding), the wrong wedding dress ( She is obviously a new daughter-in-law, but she wears the old girl’s wedding colors). Misunderstanding 3: Drinking a glass of wine at a new house is also called Hexin. There is an old saying that "combine the gourd and make the 醑". The original meaning of 鍺 is to divide one gourd into two ladles: "If one gourd is divided into two ladles, it is called 卺, and the son-in-law and his wife each hold one piece and each hold one piece to make the 醆. (By analogy, Calabash Baby must be banned). The man should remember to turn the cup upside down after drinking, otherwise he will be bullied by his wife in his life. He should also put away his shoes and not let them slip. Don't step on your clothes, etc.
Of course, the most important thing on the wedding night is to check the redness first:
There is a grand banquet tonight,
I am going to enjoy the fragrance.
Spring has been gone for a long time,
Which one is more red?
< p> No, no,I’ll give you a piece of white silk.
As for how to check for red, I’ll talk about it next time, little bear.
< p> In wedding etiquette, there are several things to pay attention to after entering the bridal chamber.Firstly, the bride used a fan to cover her face, which was called "queuing". "Fan", just like the poem to urge people to make up, the man also has to do a poem to encourage people to fan. Copy one:
There is no need to apply makeup all over the face, and the eyebrows are left open for painting.
p>The wind blows on the city and the candles are cold, and the brocade curtains are open to reveal the flying luan.
Now that I know that the Qin girl has ascended to the immortal state, I will stop holding the circle lightly across the peonies.
Mo. Fan the painting out of the curtain to cover up the spring mountain.
If the road is reunited like the bright moon, you only need to put the osmanthus in it.
Of course, if you fan it out, you will find it is a bell. If there is no salt in the world again, then you can only place your hope on the red test. The best thing is that the product is not the right version and you can return it.
Secondly, bunting, also called "hair knot", symbolizes the harmony of husband and wife. The specific method of "tying hair" has been different throughout the ages. In the Qin and Han Dynasties, the groom personally removed the wedding tassel, which was the ribbon that tied the bride's hair, and then combed her hair again. Tie it up again.
After the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the "hair knot" meant that both men and women cut off a small amount of hair and tied it into a "bun", which was usually handed over to the bride for storage immediately. "Midnight Song" written by Chao Cai, a female poet of the Tang Dynasty, said: "Yi cuts her hair, and her hair is divided. When searching for a place where there is no one around, she ties the silk into a knot of the same heart." People in the world often use "hair knot" and "combination bun" as a proxy for the union of husband and wife, and even specifically refer to the "original spouse" (also known as the "first wife") couple. (There is also an auxiliary measure called Shangtou, which means that the night before the wedding, the mother's family combs the hair. I remember that in old Hong Kong TVB movies, there is often such a plot, while combing the hair, one sings, "comb the hair with one comb, and hold hands until the hair turns white.") "The two combs are combed to the end, and the eyebrows are straight..." Of course, there are such scenes in Hong Kong dramas, which means that the wedding will definitely not be successful. Most of them will be on the second day of the wedding, either gunshots ring out, or there is a car accident. , lovers are destined not to get married)
In addition, there are some taboos. For example, when uncovering the hijab, you must use a scale, not with your hands. Dragon and phoenix candles must be in pairs, and they must not be extinguished until the end of the day. , we often see plots like this in movies and TV dramas, where groom A blows out the candles in one breath and embraces bride B into the tent. According to the ancients, this was called a wild union.
To check for red, you must use a white scarf. The person who said it is okay to use a red scarf for celebrations. Little Bear suggests you use a green scarf to save yourself the trouble