Zhang Dai
In December in Chongzhen, I lived by the West Lake. It snowed for many days, and the noise of pedestrians and birds in the lake disappeared. It is more fixed. Yu radial (1) took a boat, holding a garment fire, and went to the pavilion in the middle of the lake to see the snow alone. Fog and songs, sky and clouds, mountains and water are white. The shadow on the lake is only the trace of a long bank. There is a small pavilion in the middle of the lake, a mustard and Yu Zhou, and there are only two or three people on board. On the gazebo, two people sat opposite each other. A boy was cooking wine and the stove was boiling. Seeing it, I was overjoyed and said, "There is no such person in the lake!" " (The author didn't want to say this. ) Take the rest and drink together. Yu Qiang drank three glasses of white wine and then said goodbye. He asked his last name. He is from Jinling and a guest here. When he got off the boat, Zhou Zi murmured, "Don't say" xianggong "is crazy. There are more people like" xianggong "who are crazy."
(Note: The pronunciation of nu and rao in the first edition of Chinese, a standard experimental textbook for compulsory education, in February 2006 54 38+0 654 38+is different from the second edition in March 2007, while other teaching references are taking, which means drawing and supporting. )
To annotate ...
① Radial: punting.
(2) Lingle: the appearance of white air.
(3) White: the wine glass used by the ancients to punish wine, here refers to the wine glass.
Brief introduction of the author
Zhang Dai (1597- 1679) was born in the late Ming Dynasty. He came from an official family, lived comfortably in his early years, lived in the mountains and forests in his later years, and persisted in writing in poverty. Throughout his life, he was bold and indifferent, with a wide range of hobbies and rich aesthetic interests. He likes to travel, and he is well versed in garden layout. Understand music, play the piano and make music; Good tea, tea ceremony kung fu is quite deep; The collection is good and the appreciation level is extraordinary; Good opera, directors and critics pursue perfection and beauty. The predecessors said,' The older my generation is, the more people will be called He Zhang. The police won, Mr. Wang won and the courage won.
West Lake is a paradise on earth, more like "three days of heavy snow, all the birds in the lake died." A person enjoys such a beautiful world alone, and his mood is as pure and quiet as this world. He is even more happy that there are the same fans here and now. If this is wishful thinking, who wouldn't want to be so stupid for a while?
translate
In December of the fifth year of Chongzhen, I lived in the West Lake. After several days of heavy snow, the voices of pedestrians and birds in the lake disappeared. At about eight o'clock this evening, I rowed a boat, wore a fur coat and took a stove, and went to the lake pavilion to see the snow alone. (Lake) is full of ice flowers condensed by water vapor. The sky, clouds, mountains and water are all white. The shadow on the lake is just the trace of a long bank, the outline of a pavilion in the middle of the lake, and my boat, with two or three people in it.
When I arrived at the pavilion, I saw two people sitting opposite. They had already laid the felt and a boy was cooking wine in the wine stove. (They) were very happy to see me and said, "How can you meet such an (elegant) person on the lake!" Pull me to drink with you. I had a few drinks and said goodbye (to them). I asked their surnames and learned that they are from Jinling and live here. When he got off the boat, the boatman shouted, "Don't say" xianggong "is stupid, there are people as stupid as" xianggong "!
Famous comments
Qi Biaojia: There are, Zhang, and pen-making tools in chemical industry. His travels include Boao by Li Daoyuan, Spicy Life by Liu Tongren, Li Xi by Yuan Zhonglang and Humor by Wang Jizhong. One of them is an ethereal and glittering spirit, and there is nothing to find. A vivid portrayal of the West Lake, politics is in Adu. Preface to West Lake Dream
Zhang Dai: Tao An lost its home, and went into the mountains ... because I miss Yu's life, which is prosperous, beautiful and empty. For 50 years, I have a dream. ..... I occasionally draw one, such as wandering the old road, seeing an old friend and people in the city, and turning to complacency. It's true that you can't dream until you're an idiot. Preface to Tao An's Memories of Dreams
Make an appreciative comment
This article is a masterpiece of Zhang Dai's sketches. By recalling an experience of boating and watching snow in the West Lake, the author showed his seclusion and expressed his deep attachment and sentimental feelings. It snowed heavily for three days in the dead of night, and the author went by boat alone. I met a guest unexpectedly in the pavilion, and the three of them exchanged names before leaving. Zhou Zi mumbled and fell in love with three people, but I didn't know that these three people were just temperamental people. The most striking feature of this paper is its concise writing, which is less than 200 words, but it integrates narrative, scenery and lyricism. What is particularly amazing is that the author's skill in tempering quantifiers, the combination of "one mark", "one point", "one mustard" and "two or three grains" actually conveys an eternal and vast realm, even a silent atmosphere, which is amazing. The author makes good use of contrast techniques, big and small, cold and hot, loneliness and bosom friend, and the contrast is sharp, which strongly expresses his deep feelings about life and lingering thoughts about his old country.
Expand reading and deepen understanding of the text.
Buerzhai
Zhang Dai
Buerzhai, Gao Wusan, Cui Yueqian; The western wall is a little empty, and Chimonanthus praecox fills it. But the sky is green and the summer is hot, which is not enough. The back wall is higher than the iron fence, with bamboo poles and rain, and Zheng's Autumn Sound is opposite. The sky shines down, it looks at the sky, crystal clear as glass mica, and the person sitting is always in a cool world. The walls of the book are full of walls, and the tripod stands still. There is a stone bed bamboo gauze curtain on the left to prevent mosquitoes from invading the gauze curtain and welcome Bi Cheng.
In summer, orchids and jasmine invade clothes. Before and after Chongyang, under the chrysanthemum north window, the chrysanthemum basin has five floors, below the high-rise building. The colors are ethereal and bright, and the sky is crystal clear as autumn water. Leaves fall in winter, wintersweet blossoms, warm sun windows, red stoves () and wool (blankets). Take Kunshan daffodil as the toe. In spring, there are orchids under the wall, half an acre of peony in front of the door and many different trees.
I took off my clothes, but I didn't feel hot or cold. I felt like a lifetime ago.
-("Tao An Meng Yi")
Comment: Buerzhai, like a distant thought, is so clearly presented in front of us, which shows the author's deep love for it. The author misses the old country and the lost life, but it doesn't show it. He only described the scenery inside and outside the study and the interest of the four seasons with faint pen and ink, but between the lines, that kind of emotion was faintly revealed. At the end of the sentence, "I feel like something happened in a previous life" seems to be an understatement, but in fact it is like a heavy hammer, and the author's sentimental feelings all erupt here. Dream, dream! The past life was like a dream, like a painting, gone with the wind, but now it is hidden. The author only relies on "dream memory" to seek spiritual comfort, and its scenery is amazing. (The Essence of Ming and Qing Dynasties, p. 585)
Writing background:
After Ming's death, he expressed the author's deep yearning for his motherland.