l？ There are Jiangnan guests in the seat, why not put a partridge song in front of the bottle?
Thinking: partridge refers to the popular "partridge song" at that time. According to legend, the partridge has the characteristic of "flying south (Zhu)", and its sound image is "walking without my brother". The "Song of the Partridge" is about "the sound of the partridge", and the tune is sad and clear. Most of the words written for this song are to express love without hate. The poet's fear of not listening to "Partridge" is quite intriguing. It can be seen that the poet's homesickness has long been stirred by singing.
"Music" said: "Those who are ordinary voices are born in people's hearts, and their feelings move in the middle, so they are shaped by sound." Generally, once a person is in a surge of emotion, he has the impulse to express it, with the purpose of longing for others to listen and looking for a "bosom friend." In the final analysis, it is out of concern for yourself. Through communication, listening to the symphony of different voices, adjusting one's own experience world, adjusting one's "presence" posture and rebuilding one's feelings about the outside world are the signs of human rational existence. Rogers, a humanistic psychologist, regards "speaking" and "listening" as important means of spiritual communication.
There are many kinds of music, but the most basic one is acoustic music, that is, singing, that is, the usual solo, which is described most in Tang poetry. For example, Liu Yuxi's "Listening to Mu Jiu Gong Yin": "I crossed the Tianhe River with the Weaver Girl and recorded the first song in the cloud. Don't sing the song of Zhenyuan Festival, when there were not many courtiers "; Zheng Gu's "Singing at the Seats": "There are nearly nine songs on the balcony, singing songs and golden pots. There are Jiangnan guests in the seat, don't sing to the spring breeze. " The protagonists of the above poems are mostly frustrated singers. As former ladies-in-waiting, they were spoiled and pampered, but now they live among the people. The contrast is obvious, and their frustration is also obvious. They need to "talk" and are more eager to get "bosom friends". If the listener can fully understand at this time, the dialogue between them actually begins. Now take Zheng Gu's Singing at the Table as an example: the first couplet of the poem shows the scene of a bustling city: the sky, a bright moon; There are thousands of lights on the ground; The market is full of traffic. Then the banquet, the singers are singing, and the beautiful songs are intoxicating. A song is followed by pouring wine, raising a glass and toasting ... In just two sentences, the happy atmosphere of weather, geography, harmony, banquet, singer and listener is shown. The second couplet is more exciting. Singing is more intoxicating than wine. In singing, the poet expressed his feelings of listening to the song, that is, "there are Jiangnan guests in the seat, so don't sing partridges against the spring breeze." Partridge refers to the popular "partridge song" at that time. It is said that the partridge song is similar to "I can't go with my brother". At this time, it touched the homesickness of Jiangnan tourists (poets) wandering in other places. The poet presented this poem to the singer, which actually means that the poet as the listener is the singer's confidant and soul mate, and they have been emotionally communicated and integrated. Hegel said in Aesthetics: "Language only expresses ordinary things in essence, but what people think is special and individual, so it is impossible to express what people think in language." The "empty basket structure" of language is easily filled with endless meanings between people. As a nonverbal means of communication, it is the "music language" that Polish semanticist Schaff said. It can express the thoughts and feelings that language wants to convey, and to some extent, the information including thoughts and feelings expressed is stronger and deeper than language (words). People can't help but marvel that "the end of language is music"! Because it transcends everyday language.
2, crowing Mao Dianyue, people full of Banqiao frost. (Tang Wen Ting Yun's "The First Trip to Goodness")
l？ Why is Ouyang Xiu's poem "Birds in Meidian sing wild moonlight, Spring in Liuqiao" far less attractive than Wen's poem?
Thinking: The success of Shi Wen's two sentences lies in that the poet caught the scene that is most in line with the artistic conception: a poor scholar who was squeezed out of the capital city lived in a humble inn on the side of the mountain, or perhaps a village chicken told him to get up early, so that he could see the outline of this thatched house in a hurry until the second quarter of the month. But then he set foot on the Banqiao outside the store. Although it was early spring, because I got up too early, there was still faint frost on the deck of the wooden bridge, so that I left footprints after stepping on it. These two sentences are really original. First, the poet puts aside grammar and organizes poetry with poetic rhythm. Each sentence is given three related scenes by three words or phrases, and the feelings are implied by the colors of the scenes, so that readers can experience them themselves. Chinese has no developed form, so words are manipulated quite freely, which is especially beneficial to artistic expression. Second, poetry is subtle and meticulous. The two sentences of the couplet were written in the first sentence, and the word "leave early" was written on the title. Since it is "bearing", it should be developed on the basis of "starting" and written more profoundly and accurately than "starting". Look at what the poet wrote: the crow came from Maodian "early", but it was not enough. The poet added "moon", which shows that this "morning" is still connected with night, isn't it earlier? When pedestrians see first frost on the Banqiao, of course, they "leave early", but first frost can actually show "people", which means that this traveler must have set foot on the Banqiao for the first time, because many people have stepped on it and no one can recognize it.
As soon as the rooster crows, you get up and get ready to go. I looked up and saw a waning moon hanging outside the sparse hut. When you walk across the wooden bridge on the mountain stream, clear footprints are printed on the frost layer of the bridge deck, indicating that someone has set off ahead. If you have experienced this frost in Shan Ye, your feelings about this poem are naturally different. Wen experienced it personally, and Ouyang Xiu just imitated it.
Jiang Sheng is full of heroic hatred, and God's will is selfless. ("Huangzhou" by Lu You in Southern Song Dynasty)
l？ What is the novelty of this poem?
"I often feel sad for Chu prisoners, and I am still sighing for learning from Ji You. Jiang Sheng is full of heroic hatred, and God's will is selfless. Wan Li worries about adding white hair, and it is cold to sail across Huangzhou. Look at the end of Chibi, why should children be like Zhongmou! "
Thinking: "The Sound of the Roaring River" is about scenery, and "Hero Hate" is lyrical. This poem was written on Song Xiaozong Avenue for six years (1 170). Sail west into Shu, sail across Huangzhou, see the ruins of the previous generation, sigh that the hero has passed away, infinite sadness, spontaneously rise, and form various poems. Therefore, it is entitled "Huangzhou", but the poem is dedicated to Huangzhou; It seems like a poem about the past, but it is actually a sad work. When reading this poem, don't stick to the topic and the words. When the word means sadness, you should know its anger. Where the pen is horizontal, ask for its injustice; Listen to the depth of the syllables, where they tremble.
When Wanli arrived in Shu, he was tied up by a micro-official and was as cramped as a pony. Therefore, the first sentence is branded with its feelings, and inferiority is like the embarrassment of Chu prisoners. Biography of Historical Records and Le Shu: "Since Zhongni, you can't be in harmony with Qi You." Sima Zhen's "Suoyin": "Qi people belong to women's music and Confucius does it, so you can't let them go." This so-called "Qi You" is very different from releasing people. Therefore, the word "Qi You" is really handy and not necessarily used as a metaphor. The first couplet is all about "constraint" and "migration". If you get stuck in Chu Prisoner and Qi You and think that releasing Weng will have certain significance, it will be poetic.
Huangzhou is located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, where the three countries compete for hegemony. Du fu's poem: "beside the changing river, the stone is like his sorrow, and he did not conquer Wu." ("Eight Arrays") Parallel prose becomes a sentence, that is, borrowing Du Fu's poems. This "hero" seems to refer to the romantic figures of the Three Kingdoms swept away by the huge waves of the Yangtze River. But the significance of releasing Weng is not nostalgia, so "hero" is actually Tao. Its hatred is exactly the hatred of "cramping" and "moving away" mentioned by the first part of the League, and it is the hatred of years wasted and unfulfilled ambitions. The antithesis of couplets comes from Li Heshi's poem "Farewell to Lan's farewell to Xianyang Road, and the sky will grow old if it is affectionate" ("Golden Copper Immortal Ci Han Ge"). Although people are affectionate, providence is selfless. It's just natural for people to be sad when the orchid is fading and the autumn grass is picking people up. The ruthlessness of the sky is in contrast with the injustice of the people. This joint article has profound implications and excellent brushwork.
The neck joints are closely connected. The sorrow of Wan Li is the hatred of heroes; Diligent and white hair, set each other off with vegetation; On cold days, compare the autumn sounds on both sides of the strait; At the gates of Huangzhou, point out the places of interest. At this time, I am always filled with emotion, and I can't help but vomit, but I don't want to speak freely, so I pay my respects repeatedly. Although the scenes written in the middle two couplets are similar, the brushwork is complex and the changes are unprovoked.
There are many red cliffs in the Yangtze River and Hanshui River Basin. Su Shi, an official in Huangzhou, mistakenly believed in the local legend, saying that "the spring goes around the western hills and fights into the river, and the stone color is like Dan, spreading Cao Gong and defeating the clouds, so-called Red Cliff." (After "Tiaoxi Fishing in Conghua Collection") I visited the land several times and wrote lyrics with wonderful meaning, which was called a swan song in ancient and modern times. In fact, Su Shi went to Chibiji, just outside Huanggang, the former site of the Three Kingdoms "Battle of Red Cliffs" in the northeast of Puyin County, Hubei Province. The two places are not the same. However, Huangzhou Chibi is famous for Su Shi's sake. Later generations will think of Chibi when they cross Huangzhou, and recall the heroes of the past when they see the stupid wall. Especially when the enemy is half safe and half strong, we should think about the reincarnation of heroes and compete with the enemy. I'm here, but going to Chibi is a thing of the past. Everything goes east, and the world succeeds or fails. The same is He Zudao. Why should that child be like Zhong? He devoted his life to recovering lost ground. Even if he was lying in a remote village, still dreaming of an iron horse, writing crazy books and thinking about driving away the enemy, he would never make such negative remarks. Commenting on Du Fu's poem "What's the use of Confucianism for me? Kong Qiu's "Stealing feet is dust", Wang Mingsi said, is always an unjust and helpless word. ("Du Yi") At the end of this poem, it was precisely because the small court at that time did not cheer up that there was a helpless voice of injustice.
With the shadow of dusk in my heart, I drove forward in the tomb of Leyou, and to see the sun, for all his glory was buried by the coming night. (Don Li Shangyin's Le Garden Scenic Area)
l？ What kind of emotion does the first sentence express with five words?
There are many aspects of this short poem that can be analyzed. Some predecessors used the method of close circle, some used the method of eyebrow commentary, or selected this good poem and copied it in the collection, which is also his personal impression appreciation. Most of them only appreciate the meaning of "good times don't last long" and leave it alone. This recognition is good, but it is always too general. If we can look at it from various angles, it is inevitable.
For example, in terms of acoustics, the first sentence uses five conjunctions, which is a rather awkward sentence. The third word of the second sentence must be replaced by a flat voice, so as to save this imbalance. This poem is to use the word "Deng" to save it. A mountain is often meaningful in terms of flat and even words. It turns out that the secret of difficult words lies in the consistent echo of sound and emotion. "Twilight in My Heart" is used in five tones in a row, and there must be intonation between the five tones, so that the tone will not be too dumb. Here, the word "discomfort" is used at the end of the five-tone sentence, which makes the whole sentence push one's mood to a corner that is almost suffocating with the five sounds of "dusk in my heart", and then make a particularly loud sound with the word "Deng" in a flat voice, as if stepping out with one's feet. Deng!' Turn depression into explosion! Therefore, when reciting this poem, only when the tone is low, when the mouth explodes, when the words are low, and when the words are saved, can the spirit of saving the world be fully rendered.
From the perspective of time and space scenes, the first title of this poem, Leyou Tombs, focuses on space, but three repeated words such as "late", "sunset" and "dusk" are used in the poem, which makes the whole poem focus on timeliness again. Look at the one or two sentences that are being written, but the three or four sentences use a timely painted landscape to intercept the situation of spitting, so that this uncomfortable emotion penetrates into the landscape, and the landscape looks beautiful.
As far as the arrangement of the whole poetic scene is concerned, it was originally because of the aggravation of "discomfort" at night, so I drove to Dengguyuan to vent this discomfort. When I was enjoying the beautiful sunset on the ancient plain, my original "uncomfortable" mood was about to be carefree, but I was helpless, and I had the sadness of "near dusk"! There is a plot conflict between the beauty of the sunset and the brevity of the dusk, which makes the mood of "worrying" enter a sad climax. From the discomfort of the first sentence to the more worrying conclusion, the meaning is skillfully wrapped in a circle.
The above analysis also focuses on the internal study of this poem. If we study from the outer edge of the poem, for example, we want to know whether the sunset mentioned in this poem is "a poem that hurts itself." How old was Yishan when he wrote poetry? If we want to make a detailed textual research on the year and month, we must date this poem and investigate the geographical location of Leyuan Scenic Area. Since Leyuan Scenic Area is near Chang 'an, how big is Yishan in Chang 'an? Was the last time you went to Chang 'an in your later years? Yishan Leyou Tombs recited poems more than once, and collected at least three poems, one of which was "Dream of Spring", which Feng Hao thought was a childhood work; Wan wrote a poem in late autumn, unlike when he went to Chang 'an in his later years. Yishan died at the age of 47, and his last visit to Chang 'an was in the spring of forty-five years (in 856 AD). In summer and autumn, he went to Luoyang. People in the Tang Dynasty who are over forty often compare themselves to "declining Weng". If this poem can be finalized in this year, it will be only two years before Yishan's next life. Naturally, it can be said that the poem has the meaning of hurting the old.
For example, if you want to know whether this poem means "worrying about the decline of the Tang Dynasty", you must first know that Deyishan was from the late Tang Dynasty, and Deyishan is still 50 years away from the fall of Tang Zuo. But Xuanzong was middle-aged, domineering and handsome, and the Tang room was doomed. There were specific tests. According to the textual research of these outer edges, predecessors thought that this poem was "a feeling of dying, a kind of sinking pain, a kind of surging emotion" (Yang Shouzhi's comment), or that this poem was "mixed feelings, a moment of intersection, called telling life experiences, but; Worrying about current affairs can be "(Ji Yun's comment), which pushes the meaning of" the good times will not last long "in the poem to the double level of sighing for the old and hurting the heart, and broadens the appreciation horizon. Indeed, this little poem is the epitome of the author's whole mood and the whole era, just as every light and shadow cast by the sun on the ground through branches and leaves is the epitome of the sun.