A poem about setting off 1 What are the ancient poems that use foil techniques?
Go to Huai and send a message to relatives and friends of Guangling [Tang]. Wei's former ship has been paralyzed. Who wants to wear it? Autumn mountain rises at dusk, and it rains even the sea.
The storm was full of thoughts, and Su He's face changed. Alone in the southeast, where is Guangling? "All the scenes are sentimental."
Please briefly describe the feelings expressed in this poem from the perspectives of "mountain", "rain" and "bird". A: Scoring standard: loneliness and sadness from the perspective of "mountain" and "rain", 3 points; Judging homesickness from the perspective of "birds" gives 3 points.
Example: In autumn, the morning bell of the temple comes from the distant mountain, and the rain curtain hangs on the vast Chutian. The bleak evening scene sets off the poet's loneliness and homesickness. Finally, the poet wrote a lonely bird flying to Guangling, his hometown, and returning home. Birds fly southeast, and the closer they are to the nest; And the poet goes northwest, and the farther he goes.
This made him homesick and sad. The Story of Two Mountain Houses in Spring (Part Two) Crows are flying at dusk in Liangyuan, Cen Can, with three or two gloomy eyes.
I don't know how many people will go, but old flowers are coming. (1) Stylistically, this poem is a seven-character quatrain (or quatrain) with an A rhyme.
(2) Is there any way to write these three or four sentences? How is the expression effect? Three or four sentences use the method of contrast to write sad feelings with happy scenes, which makes Liangyuan more depressed. (3) What kind of emotion does this poem express? This poem expresses the feeling that things are different and changeable. )
The law of unity of opposites is the core of dialectical method. Contradictory things in real life are interdependent and interrelated.
In the mutual connection, they show each other and set each other off. In poetry, it is called "anti-criticism" as a means of artistic expression to set off the main object by describing things that are opposite to it.
To master this expression, the poet's eyes should be good at seeing opposites in all kinds of interrelated things and finding connections in all kinds of opposing things. Ai Qing said: "The more a poet thinks and observes things in connection, the more he can produce the image of life, and the poet can make all kinds of separated things find the image connection" (On Poetry).
The relationship between emotion and scenery in literary and artistic works should be unified on the whole. That is, the so-called situation depends on each other, and the situation lives with the situation to achieve the blending of the situation.
Wu Qiao said: "The scenery is not generated by itself, but is changed by emotion." Emotional sadness is a sad scene, and emotional joy is a happy scene "("Poetry Around the Furnace ").
There are countless successful examples of predecessors in this regard. With the scene of "going to the West Building alone without words, the moon is like a hook, and the lonely phoenix tree is locked in the clear autumn", the "pain of national subjugation" is set off and the scene is unified.
Counter-criticism means "doing the opposite". Wang Fuzhi's "Jiang Zhai Shi Hua" said: "It's twice as wax to write mourning for Syaraku with happy scenes."
At present, two poems have been selected into the fourth textbook of junior high school Chinese issued by the Ministry. One is Wang Wei's "Send Yuan Er Shi An Xi": "Weicheng is rainy and dusty, and the guest house is green and willow-colored.
I advise you to make an extra glass and go out of Yangguan for no reason. "This is a good poem, and it has also been set to piano music, which is called" Three Stacks in the Sun ".
The beauty of this poem lies in "happily writing mourning" The people who are sent will go out of Yangguan in the west and enter a strange desert.
Since then, he has never seen such fresh scenery or such affectionate friends. Have another drink and linger for a while-the mood of farewell is heavier and the scenery in front of you is more worthy of nostalgia. The other is Gao Shi's "Don't Move Big": "A thousand miles away in Huang Yun, the north wind blows geese and snow, and Mochow has no confidant in the road ahead. Who doesn't know you in the world? " The farewell scene was bleak, but the author gave the famous musician Dong Da enough courage and strengthened his belief.
The future is bright, and friendly friends will receive you everywhere. Don't be tempted, go ... This is the joy of "mourning Syaraku" and "friends all over the world".
"The news of this distant western station! The north has been recovered! At first I couldn't stop crying on my coat. In the era of war and chaotic life, I was overjoyed to hear such good news It should be "the first time I heard the whole family laugh". How can it be "tears streaming down my face"? Does Du Fu's writing violate the truth of feelings? Don't! It turns out that this kind of "tears full of skirts" move.
It is a spiritual phenomenon of "forgetting me". The year before last, China women's volleyball team played against Japan in the World Cup final, and finally won the championship through all-out efforts.
At the end of the game, the players wept bitterly. This scene moved many viewers in front of the TV screen to tears.
Are they suffering? Of course not. It's a sign of "ecstasy". My wife is sad when she feels extremely sad, and then she is happy when she is sad.
Because of intense excitement, feelings are extremely happy and sad. "At first, I couldn't stop tears from pouring down my coat" is exactly in line with this psychological feature. "Laugh proudly, and watch the cause of Baijia Collection sadly" (Du Fu: Baijia Collection).
Qiu Note: "Laughter is the host, and lobbyists suffer the most in poor roads." Here, obviously, happiness sets off sadness. This is a smile that suppresses infinite pain, and it is a bitter smile.
Deeply reveals the thoughts and feelings in a specific environment. "Laugh and anger, not only crack the corner of my eye; Long song is full of worries "(Liu Zongyuan).
It's just that it's unusually deep and strong. On the relationship between dynamic and static writing, some unique famous sentences of the ancients are more talked about by poets of all ages.
There are two lines in Wang Ji's poem "Entering Ruoyexi" in the Southern Liang Dynasty: "The cicada makes the forest quiet and the Yingong Mountain more secluded". The contrast between dynamic and static shocked the poetry circle and won "I thought I was unique outside the literary world at that time" (Biography of Liang Shu Literature).
Wang Anshi is undoubtedly an excellent poet. Earlier, he wrote a poem "At noon, pigeons sing in spring, living alone in the forest and quiet in the valley", which is a realm with the royal family.
However, his understanding of "seclusion" was somewhat biased and was criticized by later generations. He thinks that birdsong will destroy the tranquility of the mountain forest.
Therefore, there is a sentence in "Zhongshan is a thing" written by him that "the eaves of thatched trees sit relatively all day, and a bird does not sing the mountain, which is more secluded". Later generations laughed at his revision as "turning stone into gold".
Because Ji Wang focused on "quietness". Quiet, is a dynamic quiet, giving people a clear and comfortable feeling.
Therefore, cicada singing and bird singing enhance the sense of tranquility in the mountains. Wang Anshi's mistake is that he made "quietness" absolute. Excessive silence and a world without living things can only arouse desolation and loneliness.
2. Ask for a poem about weeping willows to the lake.
Step on lotus root
Year: Song Dynasty
Author: Su Zhe
The spring lake is yellow and the lotus root is still frozen.
The dragon and snake move the swamp, and the angle of the punting teeth is long.
The clear spring bathes me in mud, and my teeth break the frost.
Don't let the new buds run out, the wind will cover the coolness.
Reflection on spring
Year: Tang Dynasty
Author: William Wang
Willow and apricot trees are blooming,
Young people turn homesick by mistake.
I don't know Ling singer on the lake.
Several spring boats are in Ruoye.
Xi ting Wang chun
Year: Tang Dynasty
Author: Jia Zhi
The sun is warm, the willows are green,
The geese in the north return and fly to dusk.
In Yueyang City, I heard the flute.
Can make the spring fill the cave.
Niannujiao Mochou Lake
Year: Qing Dynasty
Author: Zheng Xie
The word Yuanyang is a popular story, but is it true? How many heroic sons and daughters created a disaster. Golden lotus in the front hall, Yushu in the back court, both wind and rain. Liu Jia is happy, a song for a long time! In today's Ruyan Liu Lake, the lake clouds are like a dream, and the lake waves are thicker than wine. At the foot of the mountain, vines are floating in the green belt, paying for the storage of barnyard grass, weaving and blocking the sleeves of half-baked chickens. Peach leaves are small, Mochow is small, and there is a loanword population. What is the sin of romance? No honor, no shame, no blame.
3. Poems with foil
First, the cold and warm phase contrast
Bears, dragons, and storms on mountains and rivers have disturbed forests, made highlands tremble, darkened clouds by the darkness of rain, paled streams by the pallor of fog, the god of thunder and lightning, the collapse of hills, and the rocks in caves have vented in the deep pit of heaven, an impenetrable shadow, but now the sun and the moon illuminate a golden and silver platform. (Li Bai's Tianmu Sleepwalking and Farewell)
Bears are roaring, dragons are roaring, rocks are shaking, clear springs are jingling, deep forests are shaking, and mountains are shaking. Dark clouds are rolling and raindrops will fall. The water is foggy and smoky. Lightning and thunder, the peak cracked and the ground shook. The author tried his best to spread the hazy colors and earth-shattering sounds, and described a cold and dark picture before Tianmen was opened from two aspects of vision and hearing. But as soon as Tianmen was opened, the scenery changed, the sky was blue and transparent, the sun and the moon shone together, and the golden pagoda and silver platform hung in the air, which was really brilliant and dazzling. Warm and bright tones. Taking Tianmen as the boundary, the colder and darker the front, the warmer and brighter the back, and the cold and dark are in harmony with the warm and bright. In the contrast of hue, the poem forms a wave from low to high in momentum, which renders a magical background for the appearance of the fairy behind.
Second, dynamic and static phase contrast
The moonlight in the pine forest, the crystal stone in the stream, the whisper in the bamboo forest, the laundry girl went home, and the lotus leaf gave in before the fishing boat. (Wang Wei's Autumn Night in the Deep Mountains)
The four verbs "Zhao", "Liu", "Noisy" and "Move" describe a fresh, natural and picturesque dynamic mountain scene: the pine forest on the mountain is spotless, the bright moonlight leaves mottled shadows in the forest through the cracks in the leaves, and the white spring water slowly flows out of the stone, like a beautiful sonata ringing around. Laughter and laughter in the bamboo forest. When the lotus leaf swayed on the water, the fishing boat went down the river. But this dynamic scene gives people the feeling of being quiet and extraordinary. The dynamic description of the scenery makes the static scenery have a reference and become quieter, which is the so-called "stillness in motion", which has the same effect as "the cicada forest is quieter and Tonamiyama is quieter", which depends on the role of foil.
Third, music contrasts with sadness.
Gou Jian, the king of Yue, defeated Wu Gui, and the soldiers all surrendered. Ladies-in-waiting are like flowers in Man Chun Hall, but only partridges are flying today. (Li Bai's "Yue revisits the ancient times")
In the first three sentences, the poet showed us two pictures: one is a soldier triumphing, wearing golden clothes and showing off his exploits to the people of China; The other is a maid-in-waiting as beautiful as flowers and jade, enjoying herself in the palace. The poet tried to render the victorious posture of the Vietnamese army and the prosperity and joy of the palace with thick ink. The last sentence, accompanied by a stroke, introduces the desolate scene in front of us. The first three sentences are full of sad scenes in the last sentence, with strong contrast and huge contrast, which contains the poet's deep historical thinking and makes people feel the sudden change of personnel and the ups and downs of ancient and modern times. This is exactly what A Qing Wang Fuzhi said.
Fourth, size comparison.
The breeze rippled on the grass bank, through the night, blowing to my motionless tall mast, the stars tilted down from the empty place, and the moon came from the upper reaches of the river. (Du Fu's Love Night)
In the distance, the starry sky is low and vilen is boundless. Not far away, under the bright moonlight, the river is surging and running. Far away, near, in the sky and underground, space expands infinitely. In such an environment, how small a boat is and how lonely a poet is inside! With the vast environment as the background, humble people are just a drop in the ocean, giving people a strong visual impact and infinite emotion and melancholy.
V. Contrast between sound and silence
There are no words in the ancient sunset road, and the autumn wind listens to Ma Si. (Wang Shifu's Farewell Pavilion)
Late autumn, dusk, green hills and sparse forests, light smoke dim, blocking Yingying's sight. Yingying said goodbye to Zhang Sheng who had left. The original whispering and whispering words on the ancient sunset road have now fallen into silence, but it happened that the neigh of horses came at this moment, breaking the silence on the ancient sunset road and tearing Yingying's already broken heart. Avaghoa is where Zhang Sheng is. Hearing the voice of Avaghoa. The sound and silence set each other off, highlighting the desolation of the environment and Yingying's sadness.
4. Poetry combining contrast and contrast
1. Rendering refers to describing the environment, scenery and other aspects in a positive way to highlight the image and create artistic conception.
2, contrast refers to the description from the side, as a foil, make what you need stand out. In other words, it is not the original intention, but other related things to achieve the purpose of highlighting the original intention. Contrast is used in poetry to describe from the side, as a foil, to make what is to be expressed stand out.
3. Set-off is a method of expressing things by using similar or opposite conditions between things. It can make the things that are set off more prominent, and the image can be divided into positive contrast and negative contrast.
Positive contrast: use the same or similar things to set off, such as dynamic contrast, static contrast, happy contrast and sad contrast, that is, "green leaves and safflower contrast" Contrast uses the opposite things, such as dynamic contrast, static contrast, sad contrast and ugly contrast.
4 Contrast: Contrast opposing things, or scenery, or environment, or characters, or feelings, so that people can feel something from it, and convey the poet's intention more strongly and clearly, thus enhancing the artistic effect. It emphasizes expressing an intention more vividly and strongly through comparison.
1, rendering: Render the atmosphere through the description of the scenery. Write from the front.
Du Fu's "Ascending the Mountain" is a 56-year-old poet who climbed the high platform outside Bai Di, Kuizhou alone. The view of Qiu Jiang in front of him triggered his feeling of depravity in life, and permeated his old illness and lonely sadness. The first couplet, "The high winds in the sky, the apes crow and the birds return, the blue lake and the white sand", describes what he saw and heard on the court. Six close-ups appeared one after another, showing the bleak and sad scenery of Qiu Jiang, which set a gloomy and sad tone for the whole poem.
2, contrast: through the description of the environment (scenery) to contrast the artistic conception. Write from the side. (Write on one side only)
For example, the last eight sentences in Yuefu's poem "Sang Shang Mo" say: "When Monkey sees Luofu, he brushes his mustache; When the teenager saw Luo Fu, he took off his hat and put on his stubble. The tiller forgets to plow, and the hoe forgets to hoe. When you come back, you will complain and see Luo Fu. " It is more artistic to set off the beauty of Luo Fu from the observer's manner than to describe it directly.
In many cases, the theory of rendering contrast, especially in poetry works expressing feelings through scenery, often describes the scenery first, shapes the artistic conception, and then sets off the feelings of the characters through the scenery (artistic conception). Generally speaking, we say that the atmosphere is rendered to contrast emotions. For example, Liu Yong's "Yulinling" begins with three sentences: "The weather is cold and mournful, the pavilion is late, and the shower begins to rest", which points out the farewell environment.
3, foil: divided into positive and negative contrast. (Write both sides, but highlight one side)
"Leaves fall like waterfall foam, I think the long river is always rolling" (Du Fu's Ascending the Mountain) sets off the poet's lonely sadness with desolate autumn colors.
The beauty of Wang Ji's famous phrase "cicadas make the forest quieter, but the Yin Gong Mountain quieter" lies in the contrast between cicadas and birds' singing, which shows the quiet and pleasant artistic conception in the deep mountains and dense forests.
4. Comparison: The two sides of the comparison draw another conclusion through comparison.
Rumei wrote in "Tao Ren": "Tao is in front of the door, and there is no tile on the house. Ten fingers don't touch mud, and they live in a mansion. " Through the sharp contrast between potters and rich families, the poem profoundly exposes the extreme irrationality of the feudal social system and expresses the poet's deep sympathy for the working people.
Summary:
Rendering and contrast: both aim to make the object of description more vivid and prominent, but the focus of the two is different: the former is written from the front, which means this; The latter uses ink from one side, thus baking the other side.
Contrast and contrast: "Contrast" means writing what you want to express through other things, so when one thing implies another, it is called contrast. This is different from "foil" because it means to write both. "Setting off" is a way to highlight the main things with similar and related things or negative and different things as a setting off. "foil" can be divided into positive and negative.
Contrast and contrast: contrast is the contrast between two opposite or similar things, which expresses a certain idea or artistic conception with * * * *, in no particular order; And foil is to use secondary things as foil to highlight a major thing, one is a tool and the other is a purpose, and the two are clearly defined. (Contrast is often used for discussion, and contrast is often used for description. )
5. The poem in "A berth under the North Fort Mountain" describing the scenery of different sizes set each other off as an interest is
At a berth at the foot of Beibao Mountain, the poem describing the contrast between big and small scenery is "until the bank at low tide widens and there is no wind to stir my lonely sail"
"The small scene conveys the god of the big scene" is the small scene that "there is no wind stirring my lonely sail", which also shows the big scene of Ye Ping's opening, direct flow of rivers and calm.
The second couplet's "Widening the banks at low tide" and "Widening" are the results of "tidal flat". The spring tide is surging and the river is vast. Looking around, the river seems to be flat with the shore, which broadens the horizons of the people on board. This sentence is very grand, and the next sentence "No wind stirs my lonely sail" is even more exciting. "Hanging" means hanging straight from one end to the other. The poet uses "the wind is right" instead of "smooth sailing" because "smooth sailing" alone is not enough to ensure "sailing" Although the wind was smooth, it was strong and the sails bulged into an arc. Only under the condition of downwind and breeze can the sail be "hung". The word "positive" includes both "shun" and "harmony". Xiao Jing is quite vivid in this sentence. But not only that, as Wang Fuzhi pointed out, the beauty of this poem lies in its "small scenes to convey the god of big scenes" and "Jiang Zhai's poetry talk" It is conceivable that if you sail in a winding river, you always have to turn. Such a small scene is rare. If you sail in the Three Gorges, even if it is calm, it will still surge. Such a small scene is rare. The beauty of the poem lies in that through the small scene of "No wind stirs my lonely sail", it also shows the big scenes of Ye Ping's openness, DC and calmness.
6. Red flowers and green waters set each other off, and the warm and bright poems indicate that Shan Ye is green.
I hope I can help you. In addition,
Poems about mountains
1. Hundreds of mountains have no birds, and thousands of paths have no footprints. (Liu Zongyuan: "Jiang Xue")
2. The mountains cover the day, and the sea drains the golden river. (Wang Zhihuan: At Lusu)
3. Once you climb to the top of the mountain, you will see that all the other mountains look short under the sky ... (Du Fu: Looking at Yue)
Although a country is divided, the mountains and rivers remain forever, and the spring of trees and grass is back. (Du Fu: Hope in Spring)
There seems to be no one on the empty mountain, but I think I heard a voice. (Wang Wei: Chai Lu)
6. The bright moon rises from the mountains in the sky, in the infinite haze of the sea of clouds. (Li Bai: "Guan Shanyue")
7. Never tire of seeing it, only Jingting Mountain. (Li Bai: "Sitting alone in Jingting Mountain")
8. Peas are planted in Nanshan, and the grass is full of bean seedlings. (Tao Yuanming: Return to the Garden)
9. Castle Peak cannot be covered, after all, it flows eastward. (Xin Qiji: Bodhisattva Man&; S226 book Jiangxi stoma wall "))
10. I don't know the true face of Lushan Mountain, but I am only on this mountain. (Su Shi: "Title Xilin Wall")
Poems about water
1. The so-called Iraqis are on the water side. (The Book of Songs &; S226 Jia Jian ")
Where there is water, there are mountains and islands. (Cao Cao: < Looking at the Sea ")
3. White hair floating green water, red palm clear waves. (Luo: Singing Goose)
4. Tianmen cut off the Chu River and Higashi Shimizu River. (Li Bai: Wangtianmen Mountain))
5. There is no road in the mountains and rivers, and there is another village. (Lu You: "Tour Shanxi Village")
6. Peach Blossom Pond is deeper in thousands of feet than in Wang Lun. (Li Bai: "To Wang Lun")
7. The willows in Jiang Shuiping are green, and I can hear the songs on the Langjiang River. (Liu Yuxi: "Zhi Zhu Ci")
At sunrise, the flowers in the river are better than the fire. In spring, the river is as green as blue. (Bai Juyi: "Recalling Jiangnan")
He Shizhong
1. Guan Guan Luo Gui, in Hezhou. (The Book of Songs &; S226 Guan Yu ")
2. Although a country is divided, mountains and rivers remain forever, and the spring of trees and grass is back. (Du Fu: Hope in Spring)
The desert is lonely and straight, and the long river sets the yen. (Wang Wei: "Summit")
4. The mountains cover the day, and the sea drains the golden river. (Wang Zhihuan: (at the Heron Hotel))
5. Say goodbye to the Yellow River and stay in Braque Mountain. ((Mulan word))
6. There are endless tears in the mountains and rivers. Who said that heaven and earth are wide? (Xia Wanchun: Other Clouds)
7. Flying down three thousands of feet, it is suspected that the Milky Way has set for nine days. (Li Bai: "Looking at Lushan Waterfall")
8. Artemisia selengensis is covered with short reed buds, which is when the puffer fish wants to come up. (Su Shi: "Hui Chong Chunjiang Night Scene")
9. The Yellow River is far above the white clouds. It is an isolated city, Wan Ren Mountain. (Wang Zhihuan: Liangzhou Ci)
10. East of Wan Li is a sea of people, with 5,000 mountains climbing skyscrapers. (Lu You: "The Feeling of Going out of the Hedge Door to Meet the Cold in Autumn Night")
Shi Zhongjiang
1. I still miss Xiang Yu and refuse to cross Jiangdong. (Li Qingzhao: "Summer quatrains")
2. A boat, a bamboo cloak, an old man fishing in the cold Jiang Xue. (Liu Zongyuan: "Jiang Xue")
3. Wild trails and clouds are all black, and rivers and boats are bright. (Du Fu: "Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night")
4. Jiangnan is good, and the scenery was once familiar.
When spring comes, the sun rises from the river, the flowers on the river are brighter than red, and the green river is greener than the blue grass. (Bai Juyi: "Recalling Jiangnan")
5. Peach blossoms outside the bamboo are three or two, and the spring river plumbing duck prophet. (Su Shi: "Title Hui Chong &; lt； Riverside night view) ")
6. Say goodbye to Baidi Caiyun and return to Jiangling one day. (Li Bai: Early Baidu City)
7. The solitary sail is far away from the blue sky, and only the Yangtze River flows in the sky. (Li Bai: "Farewell to Meng Haoran on the way to Yangzhou")
8. Frosty night, Jiang Feng, fishing and sleeping. (Zhang Ji: (Night parking near Fengqiao))
9. It's freezing and rainy, and it's already night in Wu, and it's calm to see the guests off. (Wang Changling: Breaking up with Xin Jian at Furong Inn)
10. It's the beautiful scenery in the south of the Yangtze River and the season of falling flowers. (Du Fu: (On Li Guinian in Down the River))
Clouds in poetry
1; A bright moon rises from Qilian Mountain and crosses the vast sea of clouds. (Li Bai: "Guan Shanyue")
2. Birds fly high, and lonely clouds go to leisure alone. (Li Bai: (Sitting alone in Jingting Mountain))
However, through these clouds, how can I know which corner of the mountain it is facing? . (Jia Dao: An absence note)
4. Wild trails and clouds are all black, and rivers and boats are bright. (Du Fu: "Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night")
The moon rises like a mirror and the sea clouds twinkle like a palace. (Li Bai: "Seeing Friends Off at Jingmen Ferry")
6. Thousands of miles away in Huang Yun, the sun is shining and the north wind is blowing snow. (Gao Shi: "Don't be big")
7. Say goodbye to Baidi Caiyun and return to Jiangling one day. (Li Bai: "Early Making Baidicheng")
8. In the distant cold mountain, the stone path is oblique, and there are people deep in the white clouds. (Du Mu: "Mountain Walk")
9. The Yellow River is far above the white clouds. It is an isolated city, Wan Ren Mountain. (Wang Zhihuan: Liangzhou Ci)
10. The sand sea has deepened unfathomable ice, gloomy clouds and desolate Wan Li condensate. (Song of Snow White sends Tian Shuji home)
Other landscape poems
Answer the deputy magistrate Wei
With the passage of time, please give me peace and get rid of all kinds of things.
I think that there is no brilliant strategy to serve the country, only to retire to the mountains and forests.
Wide wind, the wind in the shade, the moon shining on the right to play the piano.
It makes sense to ask the poor. Listen, there are fishermen singing on the lake! .