Jianmenshan is located in the fault fold belt on the northern edge of Sichuan Basin. During the Jurassic period (about 2-1.400 million years ago), the mountains around Sichuan rose and the basin became a stagnant lake. Due to strong weathering and erosion, mountains provide rich sediments for the lake basin. Form the north and south and Shu Lake.
According to legend, during the Warring States Period, King Hui of Qin wanted to annex Shu, but there was no way to enter Shu. He lied about giving him five beautiful women and five metal cows. King Shu believed it, and sent five Ding Lishi around him to clear the way. He went to Qin to marry beautiful women and transport Taurus, and then opened this Shu Road, which was called "Jinniu Road" in history, also known as Jianmen Shu Road. ?
During the Three Kingdoms period, Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu, led an army to attack Wei. When he saw the majestic peaks and steep mountains, he ordered the sergeant to cut rocks, set up flying beams and build plank roads. Zhuge Liang went out of Qishan six times, went to the northern expedition to Cao Wei, and stationed grain, troops and training. He also built a stone gate at the mouth of the canyon between the cliffs of Dajianshan, built a gate and sent troops to guard it.
In 263 AD, Zhong Hui, the general of Wei Jun Zhenxi, led 65,438+10,000 soldiers to forge ahead in Hanzhong, reaching the sword gate and seizing Shu. Jiang, the general of Shu, led 30,000 soldiers and horses to retreat to the sword gate, resisting more than 654.38 million people of the Zhong Hui.
In the first year of Tang Yuanhe (806), our ambassador in Shannan West Road seized Jianmen, and went to Jianzhou to pacify Liu Pi, so as to counter the rebellion. In the last years of Xian Tong (AD 874), Nanzhao invaded Chengdu, Tang Jun went out of Jianmen and the enemy retreated. In the fourth year of AD (897), surprisingly, Wang Jian attacked Dongchuan, and Longyou sent Li to save it, leaving a commander to guard the sword gate.
In Li Bai's Shu Dao Nan, Jianmenguan is famous for "Although the steeple is strong, one person can keep it, and ten thousand people can't break it". It integrates Shu Dao culture, Three Kingdoms culture, war culture and red culture.
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During the Three Kingdoms period, Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu and Han Dynasties, took Hande County (now Hanyang Town) as a place where "Dajianshan is 30 miles from Xiao Jian Pass, and even the mountain is in danger". Here, "the cliff of Dajianshan interrupts the intersection of two cliffs, builds stones on the cliff as a door, sets up a pavilion commander and a garrison, and becomes a military pass.
Since the Sui Dynasty, Shaanxi and Gansu have entered Shu, diverted from Meng Jian County to Niutou Mountain, passed through the desert tree (called desert tree by the people) and reached Jianmenguan. The pavilion road from Xiao Jian to Dajianguan has been gradually abandoned, and the name "Jiange Road" has become another name for Jianmenguan. Therefore, the names "Jiange" and "Jianmen" used in many historical books from Tang Dynasty to Qing Dynasty all refer to Jianmen Pass. In the second year of the Republic of China (19 13), after Jianzhou was changed to Jiange County, "Jiange" only referred to the county name.
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