1, appreciate
At the end of the Song Dynasty, Wen Tianxiang fought against the Yuan Army in Chaozhou and was captured. When he passed Lingdingyang, the Yuan army forced him to hand over Song Jun trapped on the cliff. He wrote this poem. Poets express their aspirations with poems, showing noble character and heroic spirit of dying.
The first couplet summarizes his life experience. Tell me, I study hard and enter the official career. Write down your experience of serving the country in the last sentence. Zhuan Xu narrates the enmity between home and country. The neckline further embodies the poet's anger and frustration against Yuan Piao. American poets express their feelings directly and raise their ideal of serving the country with death to the common aspiration of patriots all over the world.
Step 2 explain
In retrospect, I experienced many hardships in my early years in the imperial examination, and now it has been four years since the end of the war. The national crisis is like catkins in the gale, and my life is ups and downs like duckweeds drifting without roots in the rain.
I'm afraid of the fiasco on the beach, but I'm stuck in Yuan Lu in the ocean, and I've been alone ever since. Since ancient times, people have to die! If you can serve your country faithfully, you will still shine after your death and go down in history.
3. Creative background
Wen Tianxiang was defeated and captured in Wupoling, Haifeng, Guangdong, and was taken aboard. I wrote this poem when I crossed Lingdingyang the following year. Later, he was escorted to Cliff Mountain. When Yuan Marshal Zhang Hongfan forced him to write a letter of surrender to Zhang Shijie who insisted on maritime resistance in the Southern Song Dynasty, Wen Tianxiang refused to obey. He wrote this poem to celebrate the festival.
About the author:
1, personal data
At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, Wen Tianxiang was born in Luling, Jizhou, formerly known as Sun Yun. After winning the highest prize, the word Song Rui was changed. Later, because he lived in Wenshan, he was named Wenshan. Wen Tianxiang was handed down to future generations in the name of a loyal and righteous hero. During his capture, Yuan Shizu surrendered with a high official and generous salary. Wen Tianxiang would rather die than surrender, and he, together with Lu Xiufu and Zhang Shijie, was called "the three outstanding men in the late Song Dynasty".
Outstanding national hero, strategist, patriotic poet and politician in the late Southern Song Dynasty. His works include The Complete Works of Mr. Wenshan and Wenshan Yuefu, and his famous works include Song Zhengqi, Crossing Zero and Ding Yang. Wen Tianxiang wrote a lot of poems in prison, and his works such as Zero Crossing, Ding Yang, and Song Zhengqi became the last songs of the ages.
2. After death
In the 19th year of Yuan Dynasty, Kublai Khan named Wen Tianxiang as the official of Zhongshu Pingzhang, Taibao and Luling County of Dayuan Empire, and posthumous title Zhongwu. In the seventh year of Jingtai, Ming Daizong, Wen Tianxiang was named "valiant and brave" by posthumous title.
3. Wen Tianxiang Tomb
Wen Tianxiang's Tomb is located in the original pit of Qihu Lake, Futian Township, Ji 'an County, Jiangxi Province. When I entered the cemetery, I was shocked: the first thing that caught my eye was a tall stone square engraved with the words "forbearance, forbearance". I crossed the Wen Tianxiang Sculpture Arch Bridge in Shi Ji 'an and boarded the Stone Shinto.
Shinto means Wen Tianxiang's extraordinary 47-year life course. On both sides of Weng Zhong Shinto, stone beasts stand quietly, and pine and cypress walk through it. The whole tomb was shaped like a sword, which pierced the tiger's mouth. All this seems to show people Wen Tianxiang's integrity and unyielding character.