Fraxinus mandshurica: the wood grain is obvious, the sapwood is yellow and white, and the heartwood is brown. After sawing, the wood color is slightly golden yellow. Hard material, smooth texture, beautiful pattern, good processability and paint performance, water resistance and wear resistance, and small deformation. Fraxinus mandshurica is an ideal surface material and should be used as high-grade furniture imitating teak color.
Birch, basswood and colored wood are also three kinds of surface materials, which are loose in texture and suitable for making panels. There is no obvious difference between heartwood and sapwood of these three kinds of wood. There are beautiful patterns on the tangent line. Basswood is soft in texture, good in processability, coloring power and paint performance, and can also be dyed and bleached. When dyed red, it can replace rosewood for surface inlay, with small shrinkage and difficult deformation. Birch and colored wood structure are fine, firm, good in color and easy to process, but they are easy to crack, warp and deform after drying, so special attention should be paid when using them, and they are suitable for making furniture legs and door frames.
Cinnamomum camphora, beech, paulownia, Quercus acutissima, Castanopsis eyrei, etc. It belongs to southern wood, and these wood grains are fine, dense and hard.
Fraxinus mandshurica is widely used in home decoration because of its low price and uniform color, but Fraxinus mandshurica has large patterns, delicate wood and yellow color. At present, more and more Fraxinus mandshurica and Fraxinus mandshurica are used to replace Fraxinus mandshurica wood.
Mahogany refers to the high-quality dark heartwood of precious tree species in Leguminosae rosewood and Dalbergia Dalbergia.
Beware of the trap of illegal timber merchants.
According to reports, at present, the most commonly used method for unscrupulous merchants to deceive consumers is to measure fraud. According to international regulations, the width of sawn timber should be measured in the narrowest place after removing both ends 15cm within the length of timber, but unscrupulous merchants take advantage of the lack of knowledge of ordinary consumers and choose the middle of sawn timber for measurement, which seems fair, but it is fatal.
Timber merchants also have many problems with measuring tools. None of these tools have been tested by the national technical supervision department, and many of them are privately made. Some of them are 20 cm in length, an increase of 65,438+0 cm, and some are 19 feet or 28 feet in length. Some shopkeepers even bring two rulers when selling goods.
Another "trap" that consumers need to be alert to is that wood varieties are shoddy and multi-fiber. According to national standards, wood grades are divided into first, second, third and other four grades. Wood scarring, hollowing and loosening will all affect the wood grade. However, in order to reap huge profits, unscrupulous businessmen often sell low-grade timber as high-grade timber, such as hemlock as Douglas fir and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica. Cinnamomum camphora is mahogany, especially northeast elm is Fraxinus mandshurica. Because the grain of elm in northeast China is close to Fraxinus mandshurica, it is difficult to distinguish it without careful identification. Unscrupulous businessmen took advantage of this loophole to pile elm and Fraxinus mandshurica together. When customers buy Fraxinus mandshurica, they mix them and sell them together, earning more than 500 yuan per cubic meter.
Sequoia and its wood characteristics
1. Redwood (sandalwood)
English name: Risewood, rosewood, Red Sanders.
Alias: Zixuan, rosewood, mahogany, rosewood, rosewood, rosewood.
Characteristics: sapwood is narrow and white; Heartwood is bright red or orange red, which will turn purple-red and brown when exposed to air for a long time; The color of wood is uniform, usually purple-brown. The rings are not obvious. Glossy, with special fragrance, staggered texture, compact structure, corrosion resistance and strong durability. This material is hard, heavy and fragile.
2. Huanghua pear wood (Dalbergia odorifera)
English name: fragrant rosewood.
Alias: Dalbergia odorifera, rosewood, palm, fragrant branches, pear mother.
Characteristics: sapwood is light yellow-brown, heartwood is reddish brown to purplish red-brown, which darkens after a long time; The color of wood is uneven, often mixed with dark brown stripes. The annual rings are slightly more obvious. The radial markings are slightly obvious, and the strings are wavy. Glossy and spicy. The texture is oblique or staggered, the structure is thin and uniform, corrosion resistant and durable. This material is hard and heavy with high strength.
3. rosewood (Dalbergia)
English names: ROSEWOOD, BLACKWOOD, etc.
Alias: purple elm, mahogany, black wood, etc.
Characteristics: sapwood is yellowish white to yellowish brown, and some tree species are brown. Heartwood orange, light reddish brown, reddish brown and purple are uneven, and dark stripes are obvious. The wood is shiny, sour or sour (a few are roses), and the texture is oblique or staggered. Excellent and uniform (few media) corrosion resistance and strong durability. This material is hard and heavy, with high strength, and is usually immersed in water. The main tree species of commercial timber are Dalbergia odorifera, Dalbergia odorifera, Dalbergia odorifera, Dalbergia odorifera, Dalbergia odorifera, Dalbergia odorifera, Dalbergia odorifera, Dalbergia odorifera, Dalbergia Madagascar, Dalbergia odorifera.
4. Redwood (rosewood)
English names: PADEUK, MNARRA, etc.
Alias: Xinhua pear, Toona sinensis, etc.
Characteristics: sapwood is yellowish white to grayish brown; Heartwood light yellow brown, orange brown, reddish brown, purplish red to purplish brown; The material color is uniform, and dark stripes can be seen. The wood is shiny and has a slight or obvious fragrance; Interlaced texture, fine and uniform structure (slightly thicker in some South America and Africa), corrosion resistance and durability. This material is hard and heavy (partially medium) and has high strength (partially medium), and usually floats in water. Main tree species of commercial timber: Burmese rosewood, Vietnamese rosewood, black-footed rosewood, Andaman rosewood, Indian rosewood, thorn rosewood, African rosewood, etc.
What are the advantages of mahogany furniture?
High-grade solid wood furniture made of mahogany has many advantages after years of historical changes, mainly including:
Reasonable function
Is mahogany furniture less ergonomic than ordinary modern furniture? This is a misunderstanding of ordinary people. In fact, many mahogany furniture are designed according to the scale of human function after long-term scrutiny and improvement, which is more in line with human requirements and highly scientific. Take the chair as an example, in which the curved back chair and the round back chair meet the needs of the human body and feel comfortable to sit on.
Beautiful shape
The solemn and elegant mahogany furniture is not unified in the change, with fine carving and smooth lines. There are simple and generous imitation styles, elaborate imitation styles and elegant and generous French styles, which are suitable for different people's aesthetic needs.
Rigorous structure and fine workmanship
Mahogany furniture mostly adopts the combination of quasi-tenon and mortise, which is ingenious and coincidental, firm and durable, and has a strong scientific nature from the mechanical point of view. Moreover, the traditional mahogany furniture in China is basically completed by craftsmen, and every knife falls with the craftsman's heart, while paying attention to the harmony and unity of the whole art.
Pay attention to the material
The real traditional mahogany furniture in China is made of precious hardwood (i.e. mahogany), with excellent texture, durable hardness, calm texture, elegant appearance and luster.
maintain the value
It integrates practicality, appreciation and preservation. China traditional mahogany furniture has a long history and high quality, which is the dream treasure of China military collectors. In addition, the resources of redwood are limited, and the growth cycle of redwood is very long, some of which can reach hundreds of years. Therefore, the mahogany furniture of "things are rare" will have more and more unique charm.
face
Decorative veneer plywood (decorative board for short) is commonly known as "veneer", Fraxinus mandshurica veneer is commonly known as "curved veneer" and beech veneer is commonly known as "beech veneer". Decorative board is a commonly used decorative material for family room decoration at present. Choose high-quality decorative boards, whose stable and reliable structural decoration will make the room shine; But in case consumers choose inferior decorative boards, the surface will bulge and crack. Choosing high-quality decorative boards has become a concern of consumers.
There are rules to follow when buying decorative boards.
1. Recognize the difference between artificial veneer veneer and natural veneer: the former has basically flat texture and regular pattern; The latter is a natural wood grain, and the natural variability of literary and artistic patterns is relatively large and irregular.
2. Good decoration: The decorative board should have a good aesthetic appearance, and the materials should be meticulous and uniform with clear colors. The wood grain is beautiful, the texture of the matching board and mosaic should be arranged according to certain rules, the wood color is similar, and the flat-fell seam is almost parallel to the board edge.
3. The surface should be free from obvious defects: the surface of the selected decorative board should be smooth and free from burrs, gouges and gouges; There should be no glue leakage and surface pollution (such as local yellowing and blackening); Should try to choose the surface without cracks, cracks, knots, crusts, resin capsules and glue grooves; The natural warping of the whole board should be as small as possible to avoid sand penetration caused by improper sanding process and substrate operation.
4. The structure of the adhesive layer is stable, and there is no glue opening phenomenon: it should be noted that there can be no bulging and delamination between the surface veneer and the substrate and between the layers inside the substrate.
5. Test the bonding strength with the knife sled method: This method is the most intuitive method to test the bonding strength. Slide along the adhesive layer with a sharp flat blade. If the adhesive layer is destroyed and the wood is destroyed, it means that the bonding strength is poor.
6. Choose plates with low formaldehyde emission: avoid decorative plates with pungent smell when choosing. Because the bigger the smell, the higher the formaldehyde emission, the more serious the pollution and the greater the harm.
7. Choose products with clear manufacturers: most products with clear factory names, addresses and trademarks have good performance tables now. For example, Fujin beech veneer produced by Tianjin Fujin Wood Industry, Heyou bent willow veneer produced by Shandong Heyou Group, and Jianghai artificial beech veneer decorative board produced by China Jianghai Wood Industry Co., Ltd. all have good performance, and consumers can choose first. Introduction of furniture materials
1, solid wood furniture refers to furniture made of natural wood, such furniture surface can generally see beautiful patterns of wood. Furniture manufacturers generally pay attention to painting varnish or matte paint to show the natural color of wood. How many forms of solid wood furniture are there? One is pure solid wood furniture. In other words, all materials of furniture are solid wood, including desktop, door panel, wardrobe side panel and so on. , made of pure solid wood, without using other forms of artificial plates. Pure solid wood furniture requires high technology and materials. Material selection, drying, finger joint, flat-fell seam and other requirements of solid wood are very strict. If any process is not strictly controlled, there will be cracks, loose joints, deformation of the whole set of furniture, and even unusable. The other is imitation solid wood furniture. The so-called imitation solid wood furniture is the solid wood furniture in appearance. The natural texture, feel and color of wood are exactly the same as those of solid wood furniture, but it is actually a mixture of solid wood and man-made board, that is, particleboard or medium density fiberboard, and veneers are used for the top surface, bottom surface and shelf of side panels. Doors and drawers are made of solid wood. This process saves wood and reduces the cost. The price of a set of ordinary solid wood furniture should be around 1.6 thousand yuan, while all solid wood furniture should cost at least 30 thousand yuan.
2, mahogany furniture, is also a kind of solid wood furniture, but mahogany furniture in the furniture industry alone is a style of furniture series, different from other solid wood furniture, so here is also a special explanation. According to the relevant regulations of the State Bureau of Technical Supervision, the so-called mahogany furniture mainly refers to furniture made of rosewood, rosewood, ebony, beech, rosewood and chicken wing wood, and furniture made of other wood cannot be called mahogany furniture. Rosewood is the best among redwoods. Its wood is hard, purple-black, noble and heavy to the touch. The annual rings are silky, fine in texture and unplanned with crab claw patterns. Red sandalwood is divided into Roshi wood and new red sandalwood. The old rosewood is purple-black, which does not fade when soaked in water, while the new rosewood is reddish brown, dark red or deep purple, which will fade when soaked in water. Acid rosewood is commonly known as old mahogany. Wood is hard and heavy, durable, can sink into water, and has a fine structure with lemon red, deep purple and purple-black stripes. It gives off a pungent sour taste during processing, hence the name. Ebony is black and shiny, with fine and dignified structure and a sense of grease. Ebony is mostly used to make small items such as chopsticks and ink cartridges, but it is rare to make furniture. Gall wood is the wood after gall formation, which can be divided into birch gall, nanmu gall, Dalbergia odorifera gall and acid branch gall according to tree species. Beech is the best decorative material because of its patchy texture curve and unique appearance. It is often used as the surface wrapping and inlay material on furniture, such as the folk saying "red beech face". Red sandalwood, also known as rosewood, is similar in composition to red sandalwood. Its wood is hard, the color is red, yellow or purple, the texture is rain grain, the color is soft and the weight is light. It can float in the water and looks like a wooden rib. At present, most mahogany furniture on the market is rosewood. Chicken wing wood is hard, and its colors are black, white and purple, like chicken wings and feathers, and its colors are bright and bright. However, because wood contains impurities such as fine sand, it is difficult for the enemy to process it, so it is good at making decorative corner materials. It is difficult to see complete sets of chicken wing wood furniture in the market. For example, there are only a few precious tropical hardwoods listed in the national redwood standard: red sandalwood, Huang Huali, ebony, sour branch, chicken wing wood, fragrant wood and so on. And these precious wood, some have not been produced naturally for a long time, and some have little output. In addition to the high market price, customers must always be alert to the flood of counterfeit and shoddy products. Therefore, the traditional mahogany furniture market is shrinking. It is of little significance to make traditional solid wood furniture with ordinary wood.
3. Panel furniture refers to assembled furniture with wood-based panels as the main substrate and boards as the basic structure. Common wood-based panels are plywood, blockboard, particleboard, density board and so on. Plywood (plywood) is often used to make furniture that needs bending deformation; The performance of blockboard is sometimes affected by the core material; Particleboard (also called particle board and bagasse board) is made of loose materials and is only used for low-grade furniture. The most cost-effective and commonly used medium density fiberboard (MDF). The common decorative materials of panel furniture are veneer (commonly known as veneer), wood grain paper (commonly known as sticker), PVC rubber sheet, polyester paint surface (commonly known as baking paint) and so on. The latter three finishes are usually used for middle and low-grade furniture, and natural wood veneer finishes are used for high-grade products. Panel furniture is made of medium density fiberboard or particleboard through surface veneer and other processes. A large part of this kind of furniture is wood grain simulation furniture. At present, the veneer of some panel furniture sold in the market is more and more realistic, with good gloss and feel, and the products with fine craftsmanship are also very expensive. The ideal space on the third floor of Lizedian is covered with wood, and Jiahao's room is covered with stickers.
How to choose panel furniture?
The easiest way to distinguish paper veneer from wood veneer is to observe the pattern. Wood skin has natural knots, color difference and grain change, and then it feels different when touched by hand. Edge sealing of panel furniture is very important. Pay attention to the advantages and disadvantages of edge sealing materials and whether the edge sealing is uneven or upturned. Pay special attention to whether it is sealed on six sides-although formaldehyde-free adhesive is used, there are more or less volatile gases in the production process of wood-based panels, and the sealing is tight, which is of course beneficial to the environmental protection of the room. It also depends on the firmness of the furniture structure. First, the gap between the door and the drawer of the furniture. If the gap is large, it means that the work is rough and will be deformed after a long time; Second, single box or double box. Usually, in addition to the outer panel, there is also a panel inside the furniture, which is called a double box. Double-box furniture is beautiful and strong. The quality of paint. Does the pigment have stripes? Is the paint in the corner too thick? Are there any cracks or bubbles? These are all to be carefully examined. I have to ask the clerk how many times the furniture has been painted. Of course, the more times the better. It can be seen from the hinge slots and holes that the panel furniture is medium density or particleboard. One of the best methods is to carefully observe the hinge grooves and holes. If the internal structure is exposed, you can see whether particleboard or MDF is used. The biggest advantage of panel furniture is the use of hardware, which can be disassembled at will, so the quality of connectors is closely related to the quality of the whole furniture. Imported furniture is expensive in these details.
Misunderstanding of modern wooden furniture
Myth 1: Only solid wood is good.
Many customers see a product in a furniture store, and the first sentence is to ask if it is all solid wood. As soon as I heard the negative answer, I turned my head and left. In fact, this is because they lack understanding of modern panel furniture.
Modern panel furniture corresponding to traditional solid wood furniture is centered on artificial panels. For the most commonly used medium density fiberboard, it is a man-made board made of wood fiber or other plant fiber as raw material, adding resin and other adhesives, and after high temperature and high pressure. In terms of materials, medium density fiberboard is the most common high-quality furniture board in the world, with dense texture, large thickness density range, high strength-to-weight ratio, low moisture content and difficult deformation. Veneer, natural veneer is not only natural and beautiful, but also has a certain thickness (0.3-0.6 mm), which has a good protective effect on furniture. Therefore, solid wood veneer is the highest realm of panel furniture, even imported European high-grade furniture. Solid wood is generally only used for layering, edge sealing and other small parts. On the other hand, whether it is traditional furniture or modern furniture, the wood used is obviously divided into high, medium and low grades because of the different materials, textures and resources. Low-grade solid wood is not as valuable as high-grade veneer Especially, due to insufficient dehydration treatment (furniture wood usually needs kiln drying, and the relative moisture content is below 10%- 12%), there is a great possibility of deformation and bursting after being made into furniture. And high-grade solid wood furniture is often expensive.
Modern wooden furniture also has a lot of solid wood and veneer. At present, the following types are common in Guangdong market:
1. Black walnut is the best walnut, mainly produced in North America and Europe.
Walnut made in China is lighter in color. Black walnut is light dark brown with purple, and the cutting surface is a beautiful large parabolic pattern (mountain pattern). Black walnut is very expensive. Furniture is generally made of wood skin, rarely solid wood.
2. cherries. Imported cherry wood is mainly produced in Europe and North America. The wood is light yellow brown with elegant texture. The tangential section is a medium parabola with a small circle in the middle. Cherry wood is also high-grade wood, furniture generally uses wood skin, rarely uses solid wood.
3, beech, beech here refers to beech, and China traditional furniture "south beech and north beech" are two different things. Beech is bright in color, pale yellow, with dense "needles" (wood rays) and mountain-shaped patterns in rotary cutting. Beech imported from Europe has fewer defects and is much better than domestic beech. Imported beech wood belongs to high-grade wood in China and is often used as veneer. Solid wood is also used as dining chairs and cubes.
4, maple, maple is light yellow, with hills, the biggest feature is "shadow" (local luster is obvious). Maple belongs to the middle-grade wood, and the common ones are veneer and solid wood.
5. Birch Birch is light yellow in color, and its easy separation is characterized by many "waterlines" (black lines). Birch is also a mid-range wood, and solid wood and veneer are common.
6, rubber wood, the primary color is light yellow brown, with messy small rays, the material is light and soft, and it is a low-grade solid wood material. Merchants often call it "oak", which is really fishing in troubled waters. Real oak is more expensive. White oak in Europe has elegant texture, while red oak in North America has patterns of mountains. Both of them are hard and heavy, and their appearance, structure and materials are different from those of rubber wood.
Others, such as pine, Chinese fir and oak, are relatively low-grade furniture materials.
Myth 2: Confusion of solid wood, veneer and sticker
Today, modern wooden furniture has formed a large market pattern with diverse styles, complete varieties and complete grades. Diversified markets provide rich choices, but at the same time, they also lead to a mixture of good and evil. As a customer, you must keep your eyes open when buying.
Solid wood is mostly used in varieties and parts with less materials, and rare wood is rarely used. For example, solid wood dining chairs are more common, but generally high-grade imported beech, mid-grade maple, birch and domestic beech, and low-grade rubber wood are used. If someone tells you that he sells "imported black walnut solid wood dining chairs" for five or six hundred yuan each, then he must be lying to you. Most of that chair is made of birch and painted black walnut, and similar practices are common in the furniture industry at home and abroad. But it was originally designed to save costs and coordinate harmoniously, but it was used to deceive the world and had to be prevented.
There are many decorative materials for modern panel furniture, such as veneers and stickers, but the grades are completely different. Wood veneer furniture is rich in natural texture, beautiful and durable, but the price is relatively high, while sticker furniture is easy to wear, afraid of water and not easy to collide, but the price is low, which belongs to popular products. At present, some furniture varieties that are not worn and close to water sources are mainly stickers, such as shoe cabinets and bookcases.
When customers visit the furniture store, they will see instructions on the price tag, such as "walnut floor cabinet", "cherry tea table" and "beech dining chair". At this time, it is very important to know whether it is solid wood, veneer or sticker. Solid wood and veneer can be called "cherry wood furniture", but stickers can only be called "cherry wood texture furniture", otherwise it is a hollow reputation.
Solid wood-wood grain, wood rays (if there are usually "needles") are clearly visible, and there should be some natural defects (knots, wood spots, black lines, etc.). ) more or less. Whether it is wood board or batten, the natural connection between longitudinal section and transverse section should be clearly seen on the grain of two interfaces of the same solid wood.
Wood skin-wood grain and wood ray are clear. There should also be natural flaws. Because the veneer has a certain thickness (about 0.5 mm), when making furniture, two adjacent interfaces usually don't turn over, but stick one piece each, so the wood grains of the two interfaces usually shouldn't be connected together.
Stickers-wood grain and wood rays are clearly visible. Even imported high-grade paper can imitate even wood defects, but it is still different from natural wood bark and looks fake. Sticker furniture often has flaws in the corners. In addition, because the thickness of wood grain paper is very small (0.08 mm), it will be directly wrapped at the junction of two planes, resulting in the wood grains of the two interfaces being connected together (usually in longitudinal section). Basic knowledge of materials-carpentry
I. Woodworking:
1, plate: the plate size is generally: 2440 *1220 * x.
Including: decorative plates (thickness 2.7~3), plywood (thickness 3~ 12), large core plate (thickness 9~ 18), high-density plate, Aite plate, fireproof plate, aluminum-plastic plate, plastic gusset plate (200~350*6000) and so on.
2. Wooden line:
There are various corner lines, ceiling lines, foot lines, door lines, garden lines, wall assembly lines, wood flowers, wooden columns and so on.
3. Wood square and light steel keel:
Wood square includes: 20*30, 30*40, 40*60, 60* 100 and various wood scales. Light steel keel is divided into aluminum alloy keel and zinc-iron keel.
4, all kinds of solid wood doors, composite doors, plastic steel doors
5. All kinds of solid wood floors and composite wood floors;
6. Hardware accessories:
All kinds of doors, drawer handles, hinges, door locks, drawer locks, drawer guides, etc.
Second, electrical lighting and piping equipment.
1, wire: 1.5m2.5m2, 4m2, 6m2, 10m2.
2. Switches and sockets
3, broadband lines, telephone lines, closed-circuit television lines, audio lines.
4, all kinds of spotlights, downlights, fluorescent lamps, colored lights, wall lamps, mirror headlights, bedside lamps, chandeliers, etc.
5, all kinds of water supply and drainage pipes, switches, valves, sanitary ware, etc.
Three. Aluminum alloy, stainless steel, glass and wrought iron:
1, aluminum alloy: series 76 and 96 window materials and their accessories, curtain wall materials and their accessories of various specifications, such as garden pass, square pass, gusset plate, angle aluminum, track and open frame, hidden frame.
2. Stainless steel: K-gold plate, matte plate and titanium plate with various thicknesses; Garden pipes, flower pipes and square pipes of various specifications; Stainless steel ball, ball seat, etc.
3. Glass:
Usually the thickness of transparent glass we use is: 5,8, 10, 12,15,20. There are ordinary flat glass, tempered glass and bullet-proof glass (about 30). 3㎜ glass is rarely used, and it is generally only used for things like photo frames. Mirrors are generally 5㎜, and coated glass is generally used.
4, iron flower: not much used, all customized, not much to say;
Four. Carpets, wall hangings and wallpapers:
It is difficult to list these things in various colors. You'd better get the product introduction and samples.
5. Stones and tiles: There are too many specifications, colors and varieties of tiles and stones. I won't talk about it here.
Paints and coatings: these chemical products must be green and harmless to human body.
Seven. Gypsum:
1, gypsum board (generally 600*600), usually used for large-area ceilings in shopping malls, corridors, general offices, etc.
2. gypsum (FRP) line.
3. Gypsum (FRP) column, stigma, modeling, flower corner, lamp ring, etc.
Eight, fire control and safety equipment:
Nine, sign production category:
All kinds of plexiglass, aluminum-plastic board, light box cloth, signboards made of various materials: stickers, foam characters, PVC characters, crystal word, copper characters, stainless steel word, tin characters, gold foil characters, neon lights, etc.
X. Curtains;
At present, there are usually galvanized steel pipes, aluminum-plastic pipes and PPR pipes for water supply pressure pipes. Calipers are in inches. Specifications are 1/4 inch, 1/6 inch, 1 inch, 1.5 inch, 2.5 inch, etc. Among them, galvanized steel pipes have been gradually eliminated by the Ministry of Construction, and PPR pipes are the key varieties to be promoted. In addition to the traditional rib fastening technology, the biggest feature of PPR pipe is to use professional hot melt welding machine for hot melt welding.
At present, drainage pipes are basically PVC pipes with diameters of 50, 100, 1 10, 150, etc. A relatively new process is internal foaming PVC pipe. (The main function is that the voice is low when the stool and urine pass. ) PVC pipes below 50mm also have specifications such as 32, 25, 16 mm, but generally speaking, the specifications of gypsum board used in buildings not as drainage pipes but as threading pipes for laying circuits are 1220*2440*9.5/ 12 or1220 *. The unit is millimeters. The ceiling adopts 9.5 mm light steel keel corresponding to 50 series, and the partition adopts 12 mm light steel keel corresponding to 75 series. The specifications of solid wood flooring are 18*90*900, 18*90*9 10, 18* 120*900,18 */kloc.
The specification of composite floor is generally 8/10/12 * 210 *1810.