Han Yi, Complete Poems of Cold Food Festival
In late spring, Chang 'an city is full of songs and dances, and countless flowers fall. The east wind of the Cold Food Festival blows on the willow trees in the royal garden.
As night fell, the palace was busy lighting candles, and smoke drifted to the house of the prince and the marquis.
Note "Spring City" refers to Chang 'an, the capital of spring. "Flying flowers", that is, petals fall in succession, indicating the late spring season. "Imperial willow" refers to the willow in the imperial garden. At that time, it was a custom to break willow trees into the door during the Cold Food Festival. The first two sentences of this poem are about the day, and the last two sentences are about the night. Every family can't make a fire on the Cold Food Festival, but the palace is an exception. Before dark, the palace was busy distributing candles. In addition to the palace, your near minister can also get this favor. Cite appropriate allusions to satirize the corruption of eunuchs' favor and monopoly.
Cold food night hanwo
It's cold and windy, and Xiaomei is snowy and apricot red.
Late at night, the oblique swing rope hangs quietly, misty and rainy, and the prospect of the pavilion is blurred.
Explain the first sentence, "I am so tired that the wind blows hard", so that the poem will be covered with a sad atmosphere first; The second sentence, "Little snow, apricot blossom red", adds gorgeous color to the poem. With these two layers of baking and dyeing, we can express the ethereal spirit of the third sentence "that man" and the beautiful thought of "hands fragrant and congealing fat". As for the conclusion of the poem, "in the misty rain of a castle" comes directly from the third sentence and is an extension of the third sentence. It is to push the poet's secret warmth into the castle on a rainy night, secretly point out the place where he lives and what the poet remembers in his heart, thus deepening the artistic conception and making people feel vaguely affectionate and memorable after reading it. Without this conclusion, of course, there is no third sentence. As far as the whole article is concerned, it should be said that this poem is not only centered on the third sentence, but also a foil from top to bottom, making it a perfect work in art.
Cold food Meng Yunqing
Jiangnan in February is full of flowers, and cold food in other places is far from sadness.
Poor people often don't have fireworks, not only in the Ming Dynasty.
Due to the warm climate in the south of the Yangtze River, February is full of flowers. The first sentence of the poem describes phenology and points out the season. The word "man" conveys the feeling of flowers and beauty given by spring in the south of the Yangtze River. It is quite natural to touch the scene like this. It should have been a pleasure to match this beautiful moment, but the second sentence unexpectedly wrote "sad". The author is from Kansai, traveling far south of the Yangtze River, alone in a foreign country, a stranger; Cold food festival, missing relatives, can not help but feel sad. In addition, the word "cold food" here not only refers to festivals, but also implies the meaning of eating less and not eating, so "cold food in other places" is even more tragic. "The poor often have no fireworks, not just the Ming Dynasty." In the poet's view, meson push is actually a dispensable factor in the Cold Food Festival. For the poor people in the world, the "Cold Food Festival" is celebrated almost every day. I stopped cooking because of my poor life. Where did the fireworks come from?
"Cold food of Beijing brothers" Wei
Fire and cold are forbidden in the rain, and warblers sit alone on the river and listen.
Think of wine and flowers as brothers. Ling Du is a cold herbivore.
The first sentence of the close-up commentary poem actually writes the scenery of cold food among guests; The last sentence is thinking about the cold food scenery in my hometown. This is a collection that echoes from beginning to end and is closely related to poetry. Among the two sentences, one implies sitting alone in a foreign land, and the other clearly indicates that you miss your brother, care for each other and inherit nature. In the two sentences, the words "independence" and "thinking" have magical effects on the whole article. The word "independence" in the second sentence is not only the extension of the word "emptiness" in the previous sentence, but also the foreshadowing of the word "thinking" in the next sentence; The word "Xiang" in the third sentence not only comes from the word "independence" in the previous sentence, but also dominates the next sentence, which runs through the end of the article, indicating that the yearning for grass is related to people and things and comes from the yearning for brothers. Judging from the whole poem, it is the same sentence, secretly connected, and seamless in one breath.
Du Fu, it's a little cold to eat on the boat.
Chen Jia's strong diet is still cold, which led to several times of depression and wearing a crown. Spring water, rivers, so floating on the boat is like sitting in the clouds; My body is getting weaker and my eyesight is dim. Looking at the flowers on the shore is like a mist.
The listless curtains saw butterflies flying by; Seagulls skimmed over the rapids. Snow-capped mountains are thousands of miles green, worrying about Chang' an and going straight north.
Explain that light cold food refers to the day after cold food and the day before Qingming. From cold food to Qingming, the fire was banned for three days, so the first sentence said, "Good morning is strong, and the diet is still cold." On holidays, the poet gets happy and drinks heartily despite his serious illness. . The title of "Guan Guan" is said to be a crown made of feathers worn by Guan Zi, a hermit of Chu State, which indicates the identity of the author who lost his official position and was not used by the court. Down and out, penniless, still worried about the current situation, missing the court, is the biggest injury of Du Fu. Spring comes, the water rises and the river flows, so floating on the boat is like sitting in the clouds in the sky; The poet is weak and his eyes are dim. Looking at the flowers and plants on the shore, it seems that there is a layer of mist. The third sentence is about the scenery on the river. The first sentence "Juanjuan hits a butterfly" is a close-up on the ship, so it is called "over the curtain". The second sentence "pieces of light gulls" is the prospect outside the ship, so it is called "rushing down". The last two sentences of the poem are a collection of whole poems. The cloud says "white" and the mountain says "green", which is the natural scenery on the river when cold food is good and spring comes. Wan Yuli draws the author's thoughts with cascading green hills and white clouds, paving the way for the conclusion. The sentence "sad to see" contains the thoughts and feelings of the whole poem, and embodies the deep sorrow for "straight north is Chang 'an".
Bai Juyi in Cold Food and Wild Hope
The crow makes the trees faint, and the Qingming cold food cries. The wind blows the paper money in the wilderness, and the spring grass in the tomb is green.
Pear blossoms reflect poplar trees, full of parting places. I don't hear the heavy spring crying, but the rustling rain makes people return.
Explain that the custom especially advocated by cold food Qingming is to sweep the grave. Cold food and sweeping graves were very popular in the Tang Dynasty. From this poem, we can not only see the bleak and tragic scene of sweeping graves, but also see that cold food and Qingming are the same thing in the custom of sweeping graves in Tang Dynasty. Indeed, at this time, some wandering poets and poets will be homesick.
Cold food Wang Yucheng
This year's cold food is good, and the scenery in the mountains is pitiful.
When I was a child, I spent a butterfly and people swayed according to the tree.
In the suburbs, it began to rain just before dawn, and in the alleys, smoking was banned at the beginning of spring?
The adjutant is idle and depressed, and there is still money for drinks.
Explain that the first couplet is about his feelings of being demoted. "I look back at the peony in the west and feel a little colorless." Nowadays, in the lonely mountain city, Bloom also likes playing drums. "The author's poems are the most wonderful comments. How can the sharp contrast between the past and the present not cause the poet's infinite melancholy? The syntax of couplets is to apply the sentence pattern of "an old wife draws a paper as a chess, and a child knocks a needle as a hook" in Du Fu's Jiangcun. Couplets describe two realms: "grass and trees are soaked in new rain" and "smoke in the yiyi market". The antithesis of the two couplets in the middle is a concrete description of the cold food scenery in the mountains, which is very distinctive and exquisite. Necklaces, in particular, are more charming and poetic than the words "grass and trees are soaked in new rain" and "smoke in yiyi market" The poet said "green" instead of "grass tree"; Not "smoke in the market", but implicit, making the image more prominent. Writing in such a language is called writing poetry, and knowing how to appreciate it is called reading poetry. Couplets are satire, not complaint. Although it says "Don't be disappointed", it is already "sad because of thinking about the world and sad because of listening to the wind and rain". What day is it to buy wine with the money for writing inscriptions and epitaphs for others, otherwise "wine debts are common"! And ",seemingly broad-minded, but actually angry. How many subtext is hidden in this?
Wang Qingming Yucheng
I have lived in Tomb-Sweeping Day without flowers and wine. Like a monk in a temple, everything is depressing and lonely for me. Yesterday, I discussed new kindling from my neighbor's house, and early in Tomb-Sweeping Day, I lit in front of the window and sat down to study.
New fire: It is a custom in the Tang and Song Dynasties. Tomb-Sweeping Day banned fire and ate cold food the day before, and then a fire broke out in Tomb-Sweeping Day, which was called "new fire". Qingming without flowers and wine is really boring and lonely as a mountain monk. Fortunately, I got a new stove from my neighbor yesterday, lit a candle in the south window and read a book alone.
Doing things in the suburbs (Song) Cheng Hao
Grass and green fields, spring around the mountains; Zhu Xing Luan Hong wears Liuxiang, but sits in the imperial city because of flowing water;
Don't bid farewell to wine, lest the wind turn red; Besides, it's Tomb-Sweeping Day today, and it's met with fine weather. It's very suitable for sightseeing, but you can't leave.
Enjoy yourself in the lush and flowery gardens, and witness that spring has reached the distant mountains and full of green is all around. Chasing red petals flying in the wind with great interest, through the alley where catkins sway; When you are sleepy, face the running water by the stream and sit on a mossy stone to rest. Don't refuse this cup of wine, don't live up to your sincerity in persuading wine, I'm afraid the wind will blow away the flowers and pieces will fly away. Besides, today is a sunny day in Tomb-Sweeping Day, which is very suitable for amusement, but you can't forget it.
Qingming (Song) Gaozhu
There are many tomb fields in the north and south hills, and the Qingming sweeps each other. Paper ashes fly hundreds of butterflies, and tears turn red azaleas.
When the sun goes down, the fox sleeps in front of the grave, and the children smile at the lights when the night returns. There is wine to drink in life, but not a drop of Jiuquan!
It shows that there are many graves on the mountains in the north and south, and groups of people go to the cemetery to offer sacrifices during the Qingming Festival. Paper ash is like a white butterfly flying all over the sky. The sound of crying is sad, and azaleas seem to be dyed red with tears. After sunset, the fox slept on the grave. The child came back from the grave and laughed in front of the lamp at night. If there is wine in the world, you should get drunk. After death, no drop can flow to Jiuquan. It is precisely because the author saw the indifference of human feelings in the real world that he sighed "Eat, drink and be merry".
The Cold Food Festival originated in ancient times.
The source of the Cold Food Festival should be the fire worship of the ancients. The ancients could not live without fire, but fire often brought great disasters to mankind, so the ancients thought that fire had gods and should be worshipped. The fire offered by each family must be extinguished once a year. Then rekindle a new fire, which is called changing the fire. When changing the fire, a grand ancestor worship activity should be held, and the symbol of millet, the god of cereal, should be burned, which is called human sacrifice. After the custom was passed down, it formed the later No Fire Festival.
the Spring and Autumn Period
After the fire ban, it became a cold food festival to commemorate the famous minister of Jin in the Spring and Autumn Period. Legend has it that during Jin Wengong's exile, meson tui once cut shares to satisfy his hunger. When Jin Wengong returned to China as a monarch, he forgot to recommend him when he was enfeoffed. Jiezitui didn't want to boast about his achievements and compete for favor, so he took his mother to live in seclusion in Mianshan. Later, Jin Wengong personally went to Mianshan to find Jiezitui, who didn't want to be an official and hid in the mountains. Jin Wengong's men released Yamakaji, which was intended to force meson to expose him. As a result, meson pushed his mother and was burned to death under a big tree. In order to commemorate this loyal minister and righteous man, on the day when he retired, he did not cook with a fire and ate cold food, which was called Cold Food Festival.
Wei and Jin dynasties
During the Han Dynasty, Shanxi folks banned fire for one month to commemorate it. During the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Cao, Emperor Wu of Wei, ordered the cancellation of this custom. There is a saying in Yin Penalty Order, "I heard that Taiyuan, Shangdang and Yanmen all prohibit eating cold food in the days after winter, and the cloud pushes it as a child" and "people are not allowed to eat cold food. Otherwise, the parents will be sentenced to half a year's imprisonment, and the chief officer will be sentenced to 100 days, and he will get a salary in January. " After the Three Kingdoms returned to Jin, because they were homophonic with Jin in the Spring and Autumn Period, they paid special attention to their stories in Jin, and the custom of banning fire and cold food in memory of meson push resumed. But the time was shortened to three days. At the same time, the idea of commemorating the meson in the Cold Food Festival was spread to all parts of the country, so the Cold Food Festival became a national festival, and the prohibition of fire and cold food in the Cold Food Festival became the same customs and habits as the Han nationality.
The commemorative figures of the Cold Food Festival About who the Cold Food Festival is to commemorate, the ancient legend originated from commemorating Jiexiu, a loyal minister of the State of Jin in the Spring and Autumn Period. Jin Xiangong, the monarch of the State of Jin, fell in love with his concubine, so he killed the prince and planned to pass it on to his son Qi. Zhong Er, the eldest son, had to run for his life to avoid disaster. On the way, he was poor and ill and almost starved to death. The accompanying meson tui secretly cut off a piece of meat from his thigh and made soup for Zhong Er to drink, so that he could survive the storm. Later, Zhong Er returned to China and became the monarch of the State of Jin, namely Jin Wengong+. However, when rewarding the heroes who followed him in exile, Jin Wengong only forgot meson push. When Jin Wengong learned that Jietui and his mother had taken refuge in Mianshan and lived in seclusion, he sent several people to invite him to the palace to be sealed, but Jietui couldn't tell him. At this time, someone proposed to release Yamakaji, thinking that Zhitui was a dutiful son and would protect his mother and go down the mountain to avoid fire. Unexpectedly, after the fire, people found that meson tui was burned to death with her mother, holding a big tree. Jin Wengong is very guilty and regretful. After crying, he ordered meson to be buried in a thick burial, and the day when he died was designated as Cold Food Festival. Fires are forbidden in the whole country, and no one-by law-is allowed to eat hot food as a sign of mourning for meson tui.
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