The author of "Six Day Poetry Talk" is Ouyang Xiu of the Song Dynasty. It is the earliest poetry talk in my country and opened a new genre of poetry theoretical works for future generations.
Li Wenzhenggong entered the "Elegy of Yongchang Mausoleum" and said: "I laid jade to pay homage to God five times, and the royal tower accepted the surrender of the king three times." At that time, all the officials came in, but the official poem was the first to come out. The so-called kings who surrendered three times were Liu Yun of Guangnan, Meng Chang of Xishu and Li Houzhu of Jiangnan. If the Five Dynasties God is wrong, it will be wrong. In the fourth year after Taizu's Jianlong reign, in the early suburbs of the next year, it was changed to Qiande in the Yuan Dynasty. In the sixth year, he returned to the suburbs and changed his name to Yuan Kaibao. In the fifth year of Kaibao's reign, he returned to the suburbs without changing the Yuan Dynasty. Nine years later, the south of the Yangtze River was leveled. In the fourth month, the great genocide came and I thanked him in Xijing. Those who hold jade in their hands to worship heaven are truly four. Li Gong was a person at that time, so he must have been wrong, but the messenger mistakenly said it. During the Renzong Dynasty, there were many high-ranking officials who were famous for their poems and often admired "Bai Le Celestial Body", so they talked a lot about Yu Yi. There is a couplet that goes: "There is a salary and a fat wife, but no kindness to the officials and the people." A dramatist said: "Yesterday, I met a carriage on the thoroughfare. 'Huh?" Those who heard this laughed. Under the chariot hub of the capital, the scenery is prosperous, and the scholar-bureaucrats are involved in official duties. The beautiful scenery rarely enjoys the pleasure of banquets and outings. One of his poems includes the line "Sellers watch peaches and plums on a flower pole, and listen to orchestral music while taking photos in a restaurant." The Yingtian Zen Temple in Xijing has the Ancestral God Palace, which is located in the north of the water, more than ten miles away from Henan Prefecture. When he was young, he went to court to pay homage to the officials. He often had a hard time getting up early in the morning, but the high-ranking official Jian Gui stayed behind. He stopped drinking for three times in each court and left without saying a word. Therefore, his poem said: "I walked ten miles while sleeping, and ate three cups without speaking." Although his words are simple and close, they are all true things from the two capitals. Mei Shengyu said in Fan Xiwen's "Poetry on Pufferfish": "Spring buds grow on spring islands, and poplar flowers fly on spring banks. Pufferfish are more valuable than fish and shrimp at that time." Pufferfish often appear in the late spring and swim in groups. On the water, they eat catkins and become fat. Many people in the south make soup with Di buds, and the clouds are the most beautiful. Therefore, those who know the poem say that only two sentences of the title have already explained the benefits of puffer fish. Sheng Yu had struggled with chanting all his life, and his intention was to be leisurely and ancient, so his conception was extremely difficult. This poem was written between Zunzu, with vigorous writing, and it was completed in an instant, making it a masterpiece. Su Zizhan was a bachelor and a native of Shu. I tasted the barbarian cloth bow clothes sold by the Yi people in the southwest at Tuijingjian, and the text was woven into Mei Shengyu's "Spring Snow Poems". This poem is not the final song in the "Collection of Shengyu", because it is famous all over the world. One poem after another has been passed down to the barbarians, and people from other lands value it so much. Zizhan looked at Yu and knew Sheng Yu, so he got it because he saw the legacy. An old livestock harp from the Yu family was cut by the Lei Club in the third year of Baoli, 250 years ago. The sound was as clear and clear as hitting gold and stone, so I used the cloth to make a piano bag, and the two objects were truly the treasures of my family. Wu Seng Zanning was a monk in the early days of the country. He is well-read in Confucianism, has read extensively and memorized well, and is also capable of writing narratives. However, his rhetoric is so arrogant that no one can bend him. At that time, there was An Hongjian, whose writing was smart and he was especially fond of mocking and chanting. While walking on the street, he met Zan Ning and several monks. Hongjian pointed out and mocked, "Those who are not favored by Zheng Duguan always form a team." Zan Ning responded: "Those who have not been tricked by Qin Shihuang often form groups. "Every time is good and the right thing is right." What Hongjian said is what Zheng Gu's poem says: "I love the monk but don't love the purple monk." The fame of Zheng Gu's poems flourished in the late Tang Dynasty, and was titled "Yuntai Bian". However, the secular world only called it "official poems of Zheng Du". His poems are very interesting and contain many good lines, but their style is not very high. Because it is easy to understand, most people use it to teach children, and I still recited it when I was a child. Today, its collection is no longer available in the world. Mei Shengyu, an official in his later years, also came to the capital. One day, he had a dinner at Yu's house. Liu Yuan's father joked and said, "Guan Shengyu will definitely stop here." All the guests were shocked. Yuan's father said: "In the past there were officials from Zhengdu, and now there are officials from Meidu." Sheng Yu was unhappy. Not long after, Sheng Yu died of illness. Yu Wei prefaced his poems as "Wanling Collection", but today people just call them "Mei Du Official Poems". What a joke, but then it turns out to be true, how sad! Chen Sheren was famous for his pure Confucianism and ancient studies at the time when literary flourishing occurred during the Yi period, and many of his poems were similar to Bai Letian's. Since Yang and Liu sang together, "Xikun Collection" was published, and later scholars strived to imitate it, and the elegance changed, which is called "Xikun Style". As a result, the collections of poems by Tang Xians were abandoned and useless. When Chen Gong happened to get an old copy of Du Ji, there were many mistakes in the text. In the poem "Sending Cai Duwei", it says: "The body is as light as a bird", and there is a missing word below it. Chen Gongyin and Shuke each use one word to make up for it. It may be "sick", it may be "falling", it may be "rising", or it may be "falling", it cannot be determined. Later, I got a rare book, which was "light as a bird." Duke Chen was impressed, thinking that even if he said a word, all the gentlemen would not be able to come. There are nine people who are famous for their poems in the Futu of the Guo Dynasty. Therefore, there was a collection called "Poems of Nine Monks" at that time, which is no longer circulated today. When I was young, I was called by many people. One of them is called Huichong, but the other eight people have forgotten his name. I also briefly wrote about his poems, and there is one saying: "The horse was lowered to the ground, and the carving plate was said after the war." Another saying: "Spring is born outside Guiling, and people are in the west of Haimen." Many of his best lines are like this. The group has been destroyed, and today many people do not know that there are so-called Nine Monks. This is a pity! At that time, there was a scholar named Xu Dong who was good at rhetoric and a handsome scholar. Because the poets and monks divided the topics, they made a paper agreement saying: "This word is not allowed to be violated." The words are mountain, water, wind, cloud, bamboo, stone, flower, grass, snow, frost, star, moon, bird, Birds and the like, so all the monks wrote in the pavilion. In the third year of Dong Xianping's reign, he was promoted to Jinshi. At that time, an unknown scholar mocked him and said, "Zhang Kanghun wrapped his horse while Xu Dong pretended to be his wife." Both Meng Jiao and Jia Dao wrote poems about poverty until death, but in life they were especially happy about themselves. Meng You's poem "Migration" says: "Borrowing a car to carry furniture, the furniture is less than the car." But there is nothing. "Xie Ren Hui Tan" says: "The warmth makes the body bend and straighten." People say that this sentence cannot be said unless one's body is prepared to taste it. Jia Yun: "Although there is silk on the temples, it is not suitable for weaving cold clothes." Just how much can we get from weaving? His poem "Chao Hungry" says: "Sitting and listening to the harp on the west bed, two or three strings were broken by the cold." People say that he not only endures hunger, but also how can he endure the cold. In the later years of the Tang Dynasty, poets did not regain the bold and unrestrained style of Li and Du, but they still strived to be more refined and noble.
For example, Zhou Pu's poems were particularly difficult to conceive. Every time he gained something, he had to elaborate it to the extreme. Therefore, people at that time called Pu's poems "refined in the months and seasons, and they were already spread among the people before they were completed." Its reputation was so important at that time, but it is no longer passed down today. I still saw a collection of it when I was young. There is a sentence in it: "The wind is warm and the birds' voices are broken, and the sun is high and the shadows of flowers are heavy." It is also said: "The birds are making noise in the mountains at dawn, and the apricot flowers are sparse after the rain." It is a sincere and beautiful sentence. Shengyu said to Yu Yu: "Although poets express their ideas, it is also difficult to create words. If you can create new language skills and achieve something that no one has done before, this is a good thing. You will definitely be able to describe scenes that are difficult to describe, just like now. , the meaning is beyond words, and then it comes to an end. Jia Dao said: "The bamboo cage collects the mountain fruits, and the earthen jar carries the stone spring." Yao He said: "The horses follow the mountains and the deer roam, and the chickens chase the wild birds." The town is remote and the official situation is depressed, so it is not as good as "the roots of ancient locust trees in the county and the high bones of horses in the officialdom". "Yu said: "The words of the workers are like this. The scenery is difficult to describe, and it contains endless meanings. Is this a poem?" Sheng Yu said: "The author gets it from the heart, and the reader will understand it. It is difficult to describe it in words, although it can also be described briefly: If Yan Wei's "Liu Pond is full of spring water, the sunset in Huawu is late." , then the sky is tense, harmonious and graceful, wouldn't it be better to be in the present? And if Wen Tingyun's "roosters sing in the moonlight in Maodian, people's footsteps are frosty in Banqiao", and Jia Dao's "strange birds crow in the wilderness, and the setting sun scares people", then the road is hard, Isn't it true that the thoughts of sorrow and travel can be seen beyond words? "Sheng Yu and Zimei were both famous at the same time, but the two styles of poetry are unique. Zimei's writing is powerful and powerful, and he is astonished by his extraordinary strides; Saint Yu Tan's thoughts are subtle, and his meaning is profound and leisurely. Each one has its own merits, and no matter how good the commentator is, it cannot be said that it is good or bad. I briefly mentioned one or two of the poems in "Walk in the Water Valley at Night": "The beauty of the child is particularly strong, and the voice of Wanqiao is heard. Sometimes it is wild and crazy, and the drunken ink is splashed. It is like a thousand-mile horse that cannot be killed after it has started. It will be exhausted before it is full. The pearls are hard to eliminate one by one. I have been writing poems for thirty years, and I am like a younger generation. Although my words are more mature, I am still like a young girl. . The recent poems are particularly old and hard to chew. It is also like eating olives, the true flavor is getting better after a long time. The whole world is shocked by Su Hao. I only know that ancient goods are difficult to sell. It is said that it is as rough as it is, but it cannot be said to be good or bad. When Lu Wen and Mu Gong were not in power, Bo traveled to a county. Hu Dajian Danfang followed his father to govern the city, and met Lu Shibo. A guest praised Lu and said: "Lü Jun is good at poetry, so he should add less etiquette." Hu asked about the aphorisms of the poems, and the guest cited one, and his posthumous chapter said: "It is impossible to dream even if the lamp is too cold." Hu laughed and said: "It's just a thirst. Sleeping Han Er." When Lu heard about it, he left with great hatred. Next year, I will be the first to win the first place in the A Division, and someone will send a message to Hu saying: "I am thirsty and the number one scholar in Han Dynasty will be the first place." Hu replied: "When I am the second person next year to win the first place, I will lose to you." . Shengyu Changyun said: "Although the meaning of the poem is clear, the language is superficial and ridiculous, which is also a disease. For example, there is a couplet in "Gift to the Fisherman" that says, 'You can't see the affairs of the city and court in front of you, but you can only hear the sound of Feng Shui.' The speaker said: "Suffering from liver and kidney wind." Another "Poetry Song" said: "I can't find it all day long, but sometimes it comes by itself." Originally, it was said that good poems are hard to hear, but the speaker said: "This is what people have lost." Mao'er's poem. "Everyone thinks it's a joke." Wang Jian's 100 "Gong Ci" contains many stories about the imperial ban in the Tang Dynasty, which are not recorded in historical novels. They are often seen in his poems, such as "There was no call for several days." , it is said that King Teng Yuanying was the son of Emperor Gaozu. Neither the old nor new "Books of the Tang Dynasty" can describe his skills, but "Famous Paintings" briefly mentioned that he was good at painting butterflies. also. "Hua Duan" also says: "The work is like a butterfly." It can also be seen in Jian's poems. Maybe I heard that some people today also got the picture. Excellent arts in the Tang Dynasty, such as Gongsun's sword dance, Cao Gang's pipa, and Mi Jiarong's songs, are all seen in Tang Xian's poems, and they became famous in later generations. At that time, there were many gentlemen with latent virtues and hidden virtues in the mountains, forests and fields, who were not known to the world. However, the humble workers and unskilled people were entrusted with them, and they were immortalized. It was because of their luck and misfortune. Li Bai's "Playing with Du Fu" says: "I'd like to ask if you are too thin, I always suffer from writing poems in the past." "Too thin," is a Tang Dynasty language, and it still uses "sheng" as a linguist, such as "what is your life", "What is life like" and the like. Tao Shangshu ChengmR tasted and said: "A hat with a pointed brim is inferior to a common man, and a man with short leather boots is a soldier." "Mojue" is also the slang of the time. I have heard this sentence in Yutian Shengjing. At that time, Tao Gong was not far away, and no one knew its meaning. Uncle Wang Yuan is known in the world for his erudition and knowledge. He is the most knowledgeable person in the preface. I don't know why he said it. Remember, there must be someone who knows. Poets are greedy for good sentences, but have poor reasoning, which is also a disease of language. For example, "The remonstrance grass in my sleeves goes to the sky, and the palace flowers on my head return from the banquet." This is a good sentence, but the remonstrance must be written in chapters and chapters, and there is no reason to use the draft directly. There is a saying in the Tang Dynasty: "At the foot of the Hanshan Temple in Gusu, the bell rings at midnight on the passenger ship." The speaker also said the same thing, and the sentence is very good. It is like three o'clock and it is not the time to ring the bell! For example, Jia Dao's "The Weeping Monk" says: "Written and left traces of the path, but burned but sitting in meditation." At that time, it was said that living monks were burned and killed, which was especially ridiculous. If "walking following the shadows of the green mountains, sitting and studying the bones of the white pagoda", and "walking alone in the shadows of the bottom of the pool, counting the breath of the trees" are all island poems, how can they be different in their simplicity and roughness? Songjiang's newly built long bridge has a majestic system that has never been seen before. This is what Su Zimei's poem "New Bridge to the Moon" said: "Golden cakes are blooming in the clouds, and rainbows are lying on the water." At that time, it was said that this bridge could not be called majestic except in this sentence. Zimei's brother, Shun Yuan, was named Cai Weng. His poems were also very powerful and had many good lines, which are rare in the world. Its couplet with Zimei Zige Temple is worthy of Han and Mencius, and I wish I could see it all. Yan Yuan's writings on Xiangong were good all over the world, and he was especially good at writing poems. However, he was mostly praised for his work, and famous people often came out of his hometown. Sheng Yu wrote many poems in his life, but he only loved these two couplets, which said: "The cold fish is still on the bottom, and the egret has already flown forward." And "The fish is warm and full of fish, and the fermented soybean and water shield are purple." I tasted it. At Shengyu's house, I saw the duke's handwritten slips and praised these two couplets again and again. When I asked about it when I was still doubtful, Sheng Yu said: "This is not my ultimate, how can I be so proud of it?" I know that since ancient times, it is not only difficult for scholars to know themselves, but also difficult to know others.
Yang Danian sang harmony with Qian and Liu Shugong. Since the publication of "Xi Kun Collection", people at that time were competing to imitate it, and the style of poetry changed. However, Mr. and the elders suffer from the fact that they use too many stories, and their idiom is difficult to understand, but they do not realize that this is the disadvantage of scholars. For example, Ziyi's "New Cicada" says: "When the wind comes, the jade clouds and the crows turn first, and the cranes with golden stems are exposed." Although it is a story, it is still a good sentence. Another example is "The steep sails cross the willows of Guanqiao, and the stacked drums frighten the gulls flying off the coast." If it doesn't use a story, isn't it bad? Because of his heroic writing and erudite writing, and his abundant writing power, there is nothing he can do to stop him. He is not like the poets in previous lives who were trapped in caves due to wind, clouds, grass and trees. The ancient capital of Xiluo is a deserted platform and abandoned swamp, and its ruins are still there, as can be seen in many poets. But the couplet of Qian Wen and Duke Xi is the most alarming, saying: "The sun rises above the old mausoleum in the desert, and the spring returns to the empty garden with gurgling water." Pei Jinggong's green field hall is in the south of Wuqiao. In the past, it belonged to Zhang Pushe and Qixian's family. After shooting, they returned to Luo, where they sang and feasted with the guests. However, the couplet of Zheng Gongbu's cultural treasure is the most alarming, saying: "The water is warm and the ducks are feeding their children, and the peaches and plums are blooming in the deep stream." People say that Wang Wei, Du Fu also. There are especially many good lines in Qian's poems, but Zheng's lines are not only unparalleled by others at that time, but even though they are concentrated, there are few others. The Fujian people have Xie Bochu, whose courtesy name is Jingshan. He is famous for his poems among the holy scenes of the day. When Yu was relegated to Yiling, Jingshan was serving as the Dharma Cao of Xuzhou. He wrote a letter with a long rhyme and many good lines. There is a saying: "The officer's shirt is green in the river, and the scholar is Wenhua and Shu brocade." Yu replied: "In the spring of joining the army, my thoughts are as chaotic as clouds. "My white hair writes a poem about the sorrow of spring." Gai Jingshan's poem has the line "I am passionate and have gray hair before I am old, and my wild thoughts are like chaotic clouds in spring", so I play with this. There are many poems about Jingshan, such as "Seed yellow flowers to add to the wild scenery, rotating tall bamboos to listen to the sound of autumn", "The leaves in the garden are changing, and the plum blossoms are beginning to ripen, and there is no one in the pond and pavilion, and the swallows are learning to fly", all of which are worthy of Tang Xian. However, officials who do not have good luck will eventually die in poverty. His poems are no longer seen in the world, and his family is also missing. It has been thirty-five years since he sent me his poems, and I can still recite them. It is sad that his person was unlucky, and it is also a pity that his poems were abandoned, so they are recorded here. The poem says: "The river flows without danger like Qutang, and the sound of apes in the gorge breaks the hearts of travelers. It is worthy of being relegated to an official position for thousands of miles, and the years should bring frost to the temples. The officer's shirt is green in the river waves, and the bachelor's degree is in the Sichuan brocade. The foreign land turns into elegance. As the custom goes, people from far away are struggling to know the school master. The talent is like a dream, and the love is like Anren's long-lasting mourning. Don't say that he was temporarily relegated in the Ming Dynasty, so he took his tassels to swim in the waves. "Shi Manqing was proud of his poetry and wine since he was a child. He has a majestic appearance and a strange style of poetry. He is also good at calligraphy, with strong strokes and beautiful appearance. Willow is treasured by the world. The Yu family got a taste of Chengxintang paper from the late Southern Tang Dynasty, and Manqing used it for Yu to write his "Caibi Yi Shi". The poem is the one that Manqing loved all her life, and she has kept it to this day. It is called the Three Wonders, and it is truly a treasure of the family. After Manqing's death, his old friend saw him. He was in a trance, as if in a dream, and said that I am now a ghost and immortal. I am the master of Furong City. He wanted to call his old friend to visit, but he couldn't. He rode a plain mule away like flying in anger. Later, it was said that he came to Yijuzi's house in Bozhou and called for him to go, but he couldn't because he left a poem with him. I also briefly remembered one of the couplets: "The song of the orioles does not grow old with the spring light, and the shadows of the flowers follow the footsteps of the sun." The things of the gods are strange and unpredictable, and his poems are very similar to the words of Man Qing's life. Wang Jian's "Neon Clothes Ci" says: "Leave one color among the disciples, and listen to the wind and water to compose "Neon Clothes."" Qujin Jiaofang can still produce its sound, but its dance has been abandoned and will not be passed down. There are two other songs in the world, "Wangyingfu" and "Xianxianyin", which are said to be his legacy. "Nishangqu" has a very detailed discussion of past life biographies, but I don't know what "listening to the wind and listening to the water" means? Bai Letian's "Song of Neon Clothes" is very detailed, but there is no theory of "Feng Shui". Note that there may be some survivors. Longtu Zhao, a scholar, taught the people and was renowned for his profound Confucianism and master's degree. He is a deep and silent person, living in groups all day long, and seems unable to speak. In addition to the articles, the poems and thoughts are particularly exquisite, such as "The wheat sky is moist in the morning, and the locust tree is clear in the afternoon." The celebrities in the past life have not yet arrived. Another example is "There are thousands of warblers outside the orioles' forest, and the fragrant grass is one foot long in front of the steps", which is hardly a human being. He had lost his writing power and had nothing to do with it, so he ended his articles with poems, so his poem said: "If you have a lot of feelings and wine companions, you can be a poet for the rest." However, his ability to talk and laugh, to facilitate banter, to describe human feelings and the state of things is all contained in the poem, and the song is full of beauty. This is of course not enough to be discussed by the master of heroic prose, but I only love the use of rhyme in his work. If the rhyme is wide, it will be full of waves, spreading into the adjacent rhymes, returning and leaving at first, going in and out, and it is almost impossible to stick to the regular format, such as "It's a pity today" and so on. If the rhyme is narrow, it will no longer come out, and because it is difficult to see the cleverness, the more dangerous it will be, the more strange it will be, such as "Illness Presents Zhang Shiba" and so on. Yu Chang discussed this with Sheng Yu, saying that it is like a person who is good at controlling a good horse, galloping across wide roads and wide roads, just following his will. As for the water curve ant seal, it is fast and slow in the middle section, and many of them fall down, which is the best workmanship in the world. Sheng Yu said: "Historical history has said that people who retreat are weak. If a wide rhyme can be self-sufficient and can be easily used, but a narrow rhyme is difficult to use alone and cannot be used, isn't it because it is stubborn and strong?" All the guests laughed at it. also. Since the imperial examinations used poems to select people, Jinshi no longer pays attention to poetry, so he is definitely not worthy of praise.
However, in the Provincial Examination of Caihou Poems in the second year of Tiansheng's reign, Qi, the Minister of the Song Dynasty, was the best at it. His sentence is "The color reflects the bright clouds, and the sound welcomes the late moonlight." It was especially recited by the capital. At that time, he was named "Song Caihou".