The first line of the author's poem uses a bleak sunset to illuminate the palace covered with decaying grass, while he himself is like a solitary cloud floating in the sky without knowing where to go. It depicts the reality of the Southern Song Dynasty's court sinking like the setting sun.
Two poems by Jinlingyi (Part 1)
Wen Tianxiang
The grass leaves the palace and turns to the sunset, where does the solitary cloud drift?
The scenery of the mountains and rivers remains the same, but the people in the city have changed.
The ground is full of reed flowers and I am old, who are the swallows flying next to in my old home?
I bid farewell to Jiangnan Road from now on, turning into a cuckoo and returning with blood.
[Note] ① This poem was written by Tian Wenxiang when he was escorted from Guangzhou to Yanjing and passed by Jinling after he failed to resist the Yuan Dynasty and was imprisoned.
②Li palace: the residence of the emperor when he was on tour, here refers to the Southern Song Dynasty.
1/One of the incorrect understandings of this poem is (2 points) (C)
A. The first couplet uses the "movement" of the setting sun gradually setting towards the west to reflect the "quietness" of the poet's long gaze and contemplation, highlighting the poet's infinite sorrow and endless loss.
B. There is a huge contrast between the couplets "Yuan Wuyi" and "Ban Yifei", which reveals that the war has brought serious disasters to the people, and shows that the poet is concerned about the rise and fall of the world and the suffering of the people.
c. The neck couplet uses metaphors to give people a sad and miserable feeling: the poet is crying, Jinling is crying, the reed flowers on the ground are floating like "I", and the swallows of old have nowhere to live.
D. The first couplet has the same meaning as "Crossing the Lingding Ocean", "No one has died since ancient times, and his loyalty will be remembered by history." It expresses the poet's heroic spirit of seeing death as home and dedicating his life to serving the country.
2. The line "Who do the swallows fly by in the old home?" in this poem is adapted from the poem "Wu Yi Xiang" by Liu Yuxi, "In the old days, the swallows in front of the Wang Xietang flew into the homes of ordinary people." (1 point)
3. Please analyze specifically what kind of thoughts and feelings the author expresses through the description of the scenery and the use of allusions?
Answer: Through the palace, sunset, and loneliness. Clouds and other lost scenery express the author's lonely and melancholy thoughts and feelings; the allusion of "swallows in the old home" expresses the author's sadness about the changes in things; the allusion of "cuckoo cries blood" expresses the author's sincerity towards the motherland. (Three points)
(4) What kind of reality is depicted in the first couplet of this poem through what images?
Answer: The first couplet uses images such as "declining grass", "li palace", "sunset glow" and "lonely cloud" to depict a bleak sunset slanting on the scenery of the palace covered with decaying grass and solitary clouds. It is a metaphor for the cruel reality that the Southern Song Dynasty was destroyed and the country was devastated and desolate, leaving the poet with nothing to rely on.
(5) The poems written by Wen Tianxiang after the fall of the Song Dynasty are tragic and generous, and the spirit is as strong as the rainbow. Please briefly analyze this poem.
Answer: This poem touches the scene, embodies the sentiment in the scene, and cleverly uses allusions to interweave my own personal feelings, the rise and fall of Jinling in the past dynasties, and the chants of the predecessors, etc., to express my deep and complex poem. The inner emotions are soft and subtle but vivid, soft on the outside and strong on the inside, deep and tragic. In particular, the allusion of "the cuckoo cries blood" expresses the author's sincerity to the motherland. This is a poem written with blood and life.
6. What kind of scene did the poet see? Please briefly describe it with a poem. (5 points)
Answer: The poet saw the desolation and decay of Jinling City after the war. The palace is in ruins, there are weeds everywhere, the sun is setting, the lonely clouds are drifting, the ground is covered with reeds, and the returning swallows have lost their nests. (2 points for summarizing the scene, 3 points for brief description)
7. This poem uses a variety of techniques to express the poet's pain of country subjugation. Please choose two for brief analysis. (6 points)
Answer:. ① Embody emotions in the scenery and express emotions through the scenery. For example, the first sentence uses scenes such as a ruined palace, weeds and weeds, the setting sun, and lonely clouds to express the author's pain for the country's fall and his own sadness at being helpless.
② Use allusions. This poem contains many chemical allusions. For example, "Swallows in the Old Home" uses the poem from Liu Yuxi's "Wu Yi Xiang" "In the old days, the swallows in front of the king's funeral hall flew into the homes of ordinary people" to express the sense of vicissitudes of the country's great changes and the sadness of millet separation. Another example is the sentence "The cuckoo cries for blood", which uses the myth of hoping that the emperor's soul will turn into a cuckoo, expressing the author's heroic spirit of seeing death as home and his unswerving national integrity until death.
③ Contrast (contrast) is like a couplet, using the same landscape to contrast the decay of the city and the displacement of the people after the war, strongly expressing the heavy emotion of "the country is broken and the mountains and rivers are still there". (3 points for analyzing a technique)
8. Which sentence in the poem is "statement of ambition" and what kind of "ambition" does the author express? (2 points)
Answer: The last sentence. (1 point, no points for other answers) It expresses the author's noble integrity and determination to never bend his knees to survive, and his determination to love his motherland, and even if he dies, he will let his loyal soul turn into a cuckoo and return home. (1 point, the meaning is correct)
9. This poem uses many methods to describe the sorrow of the country's subjugation. Let's try to name one and make a brief analysis. (4 points)
Answer: (1) Use allusions. This poem mainly uses allusions to euphemistically and deeply express the author's hatred for the country's subjugation. The whole poem is melancholy and majestic, fully reflecting the poet's patriotic spirit. "Mountains and rivers and scenery are the same" are used in "Shishuo Xinyu" written by Wang Dao, "the scenery is not special, just because the mountains and rivers are different", "the people in the city are half gone" are used in Ding Lingwei's "last year, thousands of years ago, now, the city is home" The sentence "It's still the people who are wrong" expresses the deep sadness of "the country is broken and the mountains and rivers are still there".
The sentence "Reed Flowers" is an allusion to Liu Yuxi's "Reminiscences of the Ancients in Xisai Mountain", "The old fortress is rustling and the reeds are in autumn", which embodies the hatred of the country's subjugation in "a piece of stone from Jiangban Mountain". For Liu Yuxi, this was about the ancient times of Soochow during the Three Kingdoms period, while for Wen Tianxiang, he was writing about the sorrow of today, and his sorrow was much deeper. The sentence "Swallows in the Old Home" is adapted from the allusion in Liu Yuxi's "Wu Yi Xiang" that "in the old days, swallows in front of Wangxie Hall flew into the homes of ordinary people".
(2) Contrast, such as chin couplets, uses the contrast between things and people to describe the sad current situation that the mountains and rivers are "the same" and the people are "half-different", which strongly expresses the idea that "the country is broken by the mountains and rivers" The sad emotion of ".
(3) Rely on the scenery and blend the scenes. As in the first sentence, the royal palace is gradually disappearing in the grass of the setting sun, and the productivity of the country's subjugation is all in this silent picture.
(4) Ask questions. The neck couplet mentioned that he was getting old, his country was ruined and his family was destroyed, and he wondered who would be the new owner of the swallows under the roof before. He deeply expressed the pain of losing his country when his homeland was no longer there.
Two:
Reading training
1. The first sentence describes the scene of _______ in the old palace, and the "lone cloud" in the second sentence is a metaphor_ ______ situation.
2. The chin couplet uses ____ techniques to express _______ emotion.
3. The fifth sentence is written as ______ with _______, and the sixth sentence is written as ______ with ______.
4. The last sentence expresses _________’s determination with the legend of Emperor Wang’s soul turning into a cuckoo and wailing all night long.
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3. The reed flower owns the country of swallows
4. After I die, I will turn into a cuckoo bird crying blood and fly back to the south of the Yangtze River
Three:
[Note] ① This poem was written by Wen Tianxiang in the second year of Xiangxing (1279) after he was captured and was escorted to Yanjing (now Beijing), the Yuan capital, while passing by Jinling (now Nanjing, Jiangsu).
(1) In the explanation of the sentences in this poem, the two inappropriate items are (4 points) ( ) ( )
A. The first sentence describes the bleak sunset reflecting the palace overgrown with decaying grass. This scene implies that the Southern Song Dynasty court has sunk like the sunset. Hong Peixin Chinese Language Network
B. The "lone cloud" in the second sentence is both a real scene and a self-contrast. After the fall of his motherland, the poet felt that he was like a lonely cloud floating in the sky, with nothing to rely on anymore.
C. The chin couplet expresses the emotion that the mountains and rivers remain the same but the human affairs have changed. The neck couplet expresses the feeling of the vicissitudes of the family and the country. Contrast techniques are used in both couplets.
D. "Swallows in the Old Home" is an adaptation of the poem "The Swallows in the Old Home" from Liu Yuxi's "Wo Yi Xiang" in the Tang Dynasty.
E. In the last two sentences, the poet expressed that although he was forced to leave Jiangnan and had no hope of survival, his loyal soul would eventually return to his hometown, which reflected his deep sorrow.
(2) This is a lyrical poem. What are the characteristics of its writing method? (6 points)
Reference answers:
(1) C D ( C. The neck couplet does not use contrasting techniques. D. The sentence "Old Home Swallow" expresses deep feelings about the changes in the world. )
(2) The writing style is characterized by: touching the scene to evoke emotions, embedding emotions in the scene; (3 points) clever use of allusions to express the complex and strong inner emotions euphemistically, implicitly and vividly. (3 points)
Four:
[Note] This poem was written by Wen Tianxiang when he was captured and taken to Dadu in the Yuan Dynasty and passed by Jinling Post. Jinling was the companion capital of the Song Dynasty and had a palace.
(1) In the appreciation of this poem, one of the inappropriate items is (3 points)
A. The first couplet uses the images of weeds, palace, sunset and lonely clouds to express the dual sorrow of the national destiny being jeopardized and personal misfortune.
B. The couplet uses scenery to set off human affairs, highlighting the right and wrong of things and people, and expressing the poet's emotion about the devastation caused by war.
C． The sentence "The ground is full of reed flowers and I am old" uses metaphor to vividly depict the image of the poet with gray hair due to sorrow.
D. The allusion of "Who do the swallows from my old home fly to" expresses the sadness of being displaced due to the loss of the country.
(2) What kind of thoughts and feelings does the poet express in the last line of the poem, "He turned into a cuckoo and returned with blood"? Please give a brief analysis. (3 points)
Reference answers
(1) C (The analysis of figures of speech is wrong. Writing "the ground is full of reed flowers" is using an anthropomorphic figure of speech. "And I" is similar The association is not a metaphor.)
(2) ①Expresses the poet’s sad feelings like a cuckoo crying when he is taken away from his homeland; (1 point) ②Expresses the poet’s loyal soul even if he is detained in a foreign land. We must also have a strong will to return to our homeland as a cuckoo. (2 points)
Notes:
Jinling: present-day Nanjing, Jiangsu Province.
Yi: An ancient government-run transportation station, a place for people to deliver official documents and for officials to rest.
This refers to the fact that Wen Tianxiang was defeated in the war against the Yuan Dynasty and was captured. He was escorted from Guangzhou to Dadu in the Yuan Dynasty and passed by Jinling.
Caohe: The grass has grown over.
Li palace: that is, the palace, where the emperor temporarily lives when he is on tour. Jinling was the companion capital of the Song Dynasty, so there was a palace.
The cry of the cuckoo is bloody: the allusion that after the death of the King of Shu turned into a cuckoo bird and sang with blood, it is a metaphor for traveling north to die for the country, and only the soul returns.
Swallows from the old home: Quoting the meaning of Liu Yuxi's "Wu Yi Xiang" "In the old days, the swallows in front of the Wang Xietang flew into the homes of ordinary people".
Farewell: leave.
Translation
The grass closes and the palace turns to the sunset: the palace covered with weeds under the setting sun,
The lonely cloud drifts back to where it belongs: Where is my destination? Ah?
The mountains and rivers and scenery are no different: the great rivers and mountains of the motherland are no different from the original ones ("Yuan" means the same as "original".)
Half of the people in the city have changed: but The people have become subjects of the Yuan Dynasty.
The reed flowers all over the ground grow old like me: The reed flowers all over the ground grow old like me.
Who are the swallows flying next to in my old home: the people are displaced and the country is perishing.
Farewell to Jiangnan Road from now on: Now I have to leave this familiar old place.
I will turn into a cuckoo and return with blood: From now on, there is no hope of returning south. Wait until I die. Come back, soul!
Appreciation
This poem was written in the late autumn of 1279. At this time, it had been more than half a year since the fall of the Southern Song Dynasty, and Jinling (now Nanjing) was also attacked by the Yuan army. Many years. Unfortunately, the poet was defeated and captured. On his way to Dadu (today's Beijing), he passed through Jinling. He thought about the past and remembered the past, and was moved by the scene. He left behind this famous poem, which is melancholy and desolate, expressing the hatred of the country's subjugation.
“When the grass closes and the palace turns to the sunset, where can the lonely clouds drift?” Under the setting sun, the splendid emperor’s palace has been covered by weeds, and it is unbearable to see the ruins. I couldn't bear to see it but couldn't bear to leave it, because it was a relic of the centuries-old motherland and a symbol of the Song Dynasty's regime. Seeing her was like seeing the relatives who served her and the king who worked for her. The contrast between "Cao He Li Gong" and "Gu Yun Wandering" expresses the double misfortunes of the country and individuals, and imbues the emotional tone that the survival of the country is closely related to the destiny of the individual. The word "Zhuan" in "Zhuan Xihui" is used more delicately, fully displaying the artistic style of the number one prime minister: first, the "movement" of the sunset gradually setting towards the west is used to contrast the "quiet" of the poet's long gaze and contemplation; Then it corresponds to "the lonely cloud wanders, where can I rely on", triggering the poet's infinite sorrow, hatred and infinite loss like the Yangtze River thousands of miles away. The image of a patriot who was in a miserable situation and had an aspiration to rejuvenate his country by "hating the east wind and not borrowing from the world's great things" immediately emerged on the page.
"The mountains and rivers and the scenery remain the same, but half of the people in the city have changed." The mountains and rivers remain the same, but in just four years, the city has changed beyond recognition, and most of the people have disappeared. The huge contrast between "Yuan Wuyi" and "Half Fei" reveals the serious disasters caused by the war to the people, reflects the poet's innocent mind of caring about the rise and fall of the world and the suffering of the people, further exaggerating the tone of the poem, Make the theme of the poem more prominent.
"The reed flowers all over the ground are like me and I am old. Who will the swallows fly next to in my old home?" Buried there is endless hatred of the country being destroyed, hatred of the family, and the pain of being separated. It turns out that Wang Xie's wealthy family is no longer in glory, and swallows can still "fly into the homes of ordinary people." Now the common people are fleeing and fleeing, and the swallows have also destroyed their nests. Where can they find a home? The anthropomorphic and vivid description gives people an immersive feeling: the poet is crying, and the whole Jinling is also crying, which also makes the sad and miserable poet's own image more full.
"Farewell to Jiangnan Road from now on, turn into a cuckoo and return with blood!" Even though the whole Jinling City is shrouded in a sad atmosphere, I don't want to leave her, because she is mine Mother, my beloved. But the Yuan army won't let me stay here for a long time, and my body can't stay, so let my loyal soul turn into a cuckoo bird that cries blood and is nostalgic to come back to accompany you. This couplet has the same purpose as the poet's "Crossing the Lingding Ocean", "No one has died since ancient times, and his loyalty will be remembered for history." It clearly expresses the poet's strong determination to regard death as home and to serve the country with death. Four years later, the poet endured all kinds of torture and suffering, overcame all kinds of temptations and threats, died calmly, fulfilled his oath with his life and blood, and composed a song in the treasure house of the patriotism spirit of the Chinese nation that will forever inspire the Chinese people. A tragic song, a righteous song.
The answers to all the questions are accurate and I hope you will adopt them