There are endless castles in the green hills. When will the songs and dances on the West Lake stop?
The warm spring breeze is intoxicating, as if Hangzhou were Bianzhou.
Expand:
Creation background
This poem named Lin 'an House was written by Lin Sheng, a scholar in the Southern Song Dynasty. This was written on the wall of a guest house in Lin 'an, the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty. It is an ancient "wall poem", and the original title is beyond doubt. This title was added by later generations.
In the first year of Jingkang in the Northern Song Dynasty (1 127), the Jin people captured Bianliang, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, and captured two emperors, Song Huizong and Song Qinzong. The territory of the Central Plains was completely occupied by the Jin people. Zhao Gou fled to the south of the Yangtze River and ascended the throne in Lin 'an, which is known as the Southern Song Dynasty. Instead of accepting the painful lesson of national subjugation in the Northern Song Dynasty, the small court in the Southern Song Dynasty became angry from embarrassment and tried to strengthen itself. The rulers did not want to recover the lost land in the Central Plains, but begged for peace, surrendered to the outside world, and brutally persecuted Yue Fei and other patriots at home. Politically corrupt and incompetent, dignitaries indulge in debauchery and pleasure. In the second year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1 132), Song Gaozong and Zhao Gou returned to Hangzhou for the second time. He took a fancy to this "paradise on earth" in the southeast, and he was determined to achieve the ultimate goal. So he changed from an emperor to a literati and businessman, in exchange for humiliation, and wishful thinking overhauled buildings and halls, built Ming halls, built ancestral temples and built palaces. For decades, Hangzhou, which was safe for the time being, was regarded as Bianzhou in the Northern Song Dynasty (now Kaifeng, Henan Province) and became a comfortable nest for these parasites. This poem is written for this dark reality.
works appreciation
Overall appreciation
This is a poem written on the wall of a hotel in Lin 'an City, which not only expresses grief through the description of music scenes, but also multiplies emotions, and contains profound implications in a profound aesthetic realm. At the same time, the poet exposed the reactionary nature of "vagrants" in ironic language, and also showed the poet's anger.
In the first sentence of the poem, "There are green hills and towers outside the mountain", the poet grasped the characteristics of Lin 'an City-green hills and towers are lined up. This first describes the great mountains and rivers of the motherland, rolling mountains and pavilions. What a beautiful nature it is. As far as poetry creation is concerned, the poet's description of the beautiful scenery of mountains and rivers shows a sense of pleasure. Then he wrote, "When will the West Lake dance stop?" The poet was hurt by the reality of this country. Such beautiful mountains and rivers were occupied by Jin people. The word "Hugh" in the poem not only implies the poet's heartache about the real social situation, but more importantly, it shows the poet's indignation that he blindly "Hugh" to make peace with those in power, unwilling to recover the lost land in the Central Plains, and only seeking peace and indulgence. In the poet's mind, "West Lake Song and Dance" is just a lewd song and dance to kill the fighting spirit against gold. How much he hopes that this kind of singing and dancing can "rest" as soon as possible. Here, the poet uses rhetorical questions, which not only strengthens his anger at these politicians who are unwilling to recover lost ground, but also shows the sadness caused by the poet's concern about the fate of the country.
The last two sentences are "warm wind makes tourists drunk and makes Hangzhou a continent". "Tourists" can't just be understood as ordinary tourists here. It mainly means that the ruling class in the Southern Song Dynasty forgot the national disaster, lived a quiet life and enjoyed themselves. This sentence and "When will the West Lake Dance be closed?" . In the face of this constant singing and dancing, the poet can't help but show his feelings when he looks at these "tourists" intoxicated. The word "warm wind" is a pun. In poetry, it refers to both the spring breeze in nature and the lewd wind in society. In the poet's view, it is this "warm wind" that blows the minds of "tourists" so intoxicated that they forget that their country is in danger. Among them, the words "smoked" and "drunk" are used skillfully. First of all, the word "smoked" implies the huge lively scenes of those songs and dances, creating a decadent atmosphere for "tourists", and then the word "smoked" is added after the word "drunk", vividly depicting the mental state of those "tourists" who indulge in debauchery. The word "drunk" left a rich aesthetic imagination space-the ugliness of "tourists" in this beautiful "West Lake" environment. In this state, the poet wrote at the end: "It is written in Bianzhou, Hangzhou, in order to further show that tourists are drunk." The capital of Song Dynasty was originally located in Bianliang, but it was occupied by gold. In other words, among the fans, these "tourists" simply regard Hangzhou as the old capital Bianzhou. Here, it is meaningful for the poet to use "Hangzhou" instead of "West Lake". Because "West Lake" is in Hangzhou, but when it comes to "West Lake", it is the best place to travel, and it is only a scenic spot in Hangzhou. The poet's use of "Hangzhou" is in good contrast with the song capital "Bianzhou" (Bianzhou has been occupied by Jin people). In contrast, it not only leads to the special name of Bianzhou, which is full of political significance, but also helps to express the poet's feelings-exposing the despicable behavior of "tourists" who ignore the future and destiny of the country, indulge in drunkenness and ignore the national economy and people's livelihood. At the same time, it also expresses the poet's deep concern about the fate of the country and the nation, and his anger at the rulers who only seek peace and surrender to the outside world.
Brief introduction of the author
Lin Sheng, a native of Pingyang, Wenzhou, once lived in Song Xiaozong (1163-1189), and his life experience is unknown. Record one of his poems in the "West Lake Sightseeing Relics". According to Volume II of Travel Notes on the West Lake, "Shaoxing and Xichun are also called Kang Yu. The monarch lived in seclusion, enjoying the lakes and mountains, without tears of reviving the pavilion. The scholar Lin Sheng, the title is unique in the journey. " Dong Ou Shi Cun, compiled in the fifty-five years of Qing Qianlong, contains the poem Lin An Fu. Lin Sheng, the author of this poem, shows that the author is from Pingyang.