Five hundred miles of Dianchi Lake, rushing to the fundus. I was very happy when I was lying on the shore. The east sees God, the west sees spirit, the north sees collaterals and the south sees mourning. It is better to choose the winner than to board the board. Ride the crab island Luozhou, combing the package in the wind and fog; It is even more beautiful, dotted with some jade feathers and Danxia. Not lonely: fragrant rice and clear sand all around, hibiscus in September and willow in March.
Thousands of years ago, keep it in mind. Who is the hero? I want to learn from China Ship, Tang Biao Iron Column, Song yu fu and Yuan Dynasty Leather Bag. Wei Lie played an important role in moving mountains and rivers. Draw a bead curtain building, which can't be rolled up like dusk rain; Then I broke the wreckage and gave it all to the pale smoke. Only win: a few minutes, half a river fishing, two rows of autumn geese, a pillow of green frost.
The author, Sun Zui, was born in the Kangxi period in the early Qing Dynasty. This pair of long couplets is as long as 180 words. The upper and lower couplets are extremely neat, which is quite strange in couplets. In addition, it is very thoughtful and artistic. It has been told all over the world and is famous all over the world, and it has been included in Liang Zhangju's "Couplet Conghua".
The first part is about the magnificent scenery you saw when you boarded the Grand View Building. The momentum of the pen is extraordinary, and the special feeling of suddenly catching a glimpse of the endless Dianchi Lake when climbing the mountain is vividly written in the words "running to the fundus". At the same time, the still life is skillfully animated, which makes the 500-mile Dianchi Lake full of fresh vitality. At this time, the tourists lifted their skirts, pushed their headscarves up and exposed their foreheads. In the face of this vast and boundless inland sea, they are sad and complacent. The word "put on the shore" not only describes the external actions of tourists, but also shows their inner world full of joy. Then look around, there are Jinma Mountain in the east, Bijia Mountain in the west, Snake Mountain in the north and Heshan Mountain in the south. But if you write so bluntly, it will inevitably appear too dull and have no aftertaste at all. Now, Sun Zui wrote, "The East looks at the god horse, the West looks at the artifact, the North looks at the winding, and the South looks at the mourning", which means: Look, there are horses running in the East, chickens flying high in the West, long snakes swimming in the North, and white cranes flying in the South. The author skillfully used the names of mountains, compared them to four kinds of animals, and wrote its dynamics, that is, wrote the appearance and trend of these mountains, which was very vivid. Then flashback method is adopted, which means that when the crab-like island and the snail-like flowers and trees on the water mainland look very beautiful and exquisite in the wind and fog lock, when the overwhelming apple grass and reeds are dotted with more colorful kingfisher Xia Hong, poets and elegant people should seize the opportunity, climb high and look far, and enjoy the rare scenery. "When you comb your hair, there will be wind and fog." By anthropomorphic means, the island full of exquisite flowers and trees is compared to a beautiful bun. It's really beautiful, beautiful and vivid! "Decorate some jade feathers and Danxia", with green and scarlet on the gray-green background, it is really bright and gorgeous! Finally, I hope that tourists and poets will live up to the beautiful scenery around Daguanlou all year round: in autumn, fragrant rice is everywhere and Tao Jin is rolling; Dianchi Lake in winter is clear, sandy and silvery. In summer, "the lotus leaves will be infinitely green in the future, and the lotus flowers will be red after the rain"; In spring, "dew smoke hangs everywhere, and the yellow and green are uneven." How can such a beautiful scenery not make people linger?
The writers in the second part of the story boarded the Daguanlou, filled with emotion. Climbing mountains is easy to miss the past, and a few words can pour out endless worries: thousands of years of history suddenly come to mind; Holding a glass in hand, facing the void, sighing that countless heroes in history are gone forever. These words are powerful and magnificent, which can stimulate people's reverie and make people think deeply. From the euphoria of the first couplet to the depression and anger of the second couplet, the mood changes are ups and downs, but it is quite comfortable in language connection. Then I listed a few words "I want to learn from the ships of the Han Dynasty, the iron pillars of the Tang Dynasty, the yu fu of the Song Dynasty and the purses of the Yuan Dynasty" to summarize the whole history of China, including the Qing Dynasty where the author lived. Writing in this way can not only avoid the fatal disaster brought by the fierce literary inquisition, but also be concise and refined. "Sinology shipbuilding" refers to the practice of the water army in Kunming pool in the Han Dynasty. "Historical Records" states: "At an appropriate time, the more we fight against China ships, the more we overhaul the Kunming pool, arrange rings, manage and build ships, which are more than ten feet high and are very strong with flags on them." "Tang Biao Zhu Tie" means that the rulers of the Tang Dynasty thought the mountains and rivers were as strong as Jin Liang and Zhu Tie, and used the classic in Lin Yi written by Han Jiao Yanshou: "Jin Liang and Zhu Tiejian are thousands of years old." The people who used yu fu in the Song Dynasty refer to the emperors of the Song Dynasty, and they mainly concentrated on literary records. Because the Book of Rites says, "Jade wears a crown, dances with a red shield, and dances with her husband." Those who "took the purse in the Yuan Dynasty" mean that the Yuan Dynasty conquered China entirely by martial arts. They rode roughshod over the world with cavalry in leather bags (leather quiver). Historically, these rulers "tried their best to move mountains", racked their brains, tried their best, spent a lot of effort, laid a solid foundation and established the so-called "great strength and great achievements". However, these emperors are like passers-by passing by in a hurry; These dynasties are like a short-lived beauty: "painting a bead curtain on a building is not as good as dusk rain;" I will break the ruins and give them all to the pale smoke. "The wealth and prosperity of the' Pearl Curtain Painting Building' will disappear faster than the dusk rain and dusk clouds; Only "Broken Monument" and other historical sites are left, which are bleak and bleak against the setting sun! Finally, with the scenery as the background, I will always make a summary: all the "great achievements" of Xuanhe have been wiped out by the huge waves of time. Now, there are only a few scattered bells, sporadic fishing fires on the other side of the river, two rows of gloomy autumn geese and a cold green frost. That's all. Is there him?
Look at this pair of long couplets. They are balanced, harmonious, accurate, vivid and incisive. These are all necessary for general couplets. The most rare thing is that this couplet is magnificent and full, the words are smart and lively, and the techniques are virtual and real, which makes people feel that it is done in one go. The reason why it can reach such a high level is inseparable from the successful use of some function words (including verbs and adverbs) in couplets. For example, the words "hi", "look", "take advantage", "more" and "not lonely" in the first part, and the words "sigh", "think", "do" and "just win" in the second part are equivalent to one-word ridicule and three-word ridicule, which often dominate a set of parallelism sentences. Therefore, we might as well appreciate this couplet as a wonderful long tune.
At that time, the association was called "the best in the world" and its influence was extensive and far-reaching. Ruan Yuan, governor of Yunnan-Guizhou Province, was also fascinated by it. But for some political needs and to show his cleverness, he tampered with it. Now, for comparative study, Ruan Yuan's tampered photos are recorded as follows (the words added below are the tampered parts):
Five hundred miles of Dianchi Lake, rushing to the fundus. Looking from the railing, there are endless waves. Golden Horse in the East, Chicken in the West, Dragon in the North and Elephant in the South. A master of rhyming, cherish the time thrown away. Take the crab island Luozhou, lining the blue cliff wall; It is more quiet, and the mist can be recovered early. Not lonely: surrounded by fragrant rice, ten thousand hectares of gull sand, nine summer hibiscus, three spring willows.
Thousands of years ago, keep it in mind. Who is the hero? I want to learn from China Ship, Tang Biao Iron Column, Song yu fu and Yuan Dynasty Leather Bag.
He was innocent and tried his best to move mountains. Draw a bead curtain building, which can't be rolled up like dusk rain; Both moss and moss slices were given cigarettes. Only win: a few minutes, half a river fishing, two rows of geese, a vicissitudes of life.
From the rhetorical point of view, this kind of perversion is really not very clever, and it is simply a touch of gold to turn iron; Political ulterior motives, trying to obliterate the former federal criticism of feudal rulers. Ruan Yuan once said, "Sun Kuai's original alliance was the culmination of orthodox Han, Tang, Song and Yuan dynasties. Why not talk about our dynasty? " Therefore, the word "Wei Liefeng Gong" was changed to "Dragon Sleepwalking" ... so we should also strengthen righteousness and eliminate rebellion. "Xi 'an is a minority in southwest China, in Yunnan. Mongolia refers to the ruler of the Yuan Dynasty. The purpose of his tampering is to limit the object of Changlian's criticism to foreign rulers. But I don't know that this has violated the taboo of Manchu rulers. It is a great blessing that he has not been charged. On the one hand, it may be that others can't understand the sentence "I am innocent"; On the other hand, because "Bi Du people complain and quit" (Liang Zhangju's couplet Conghua), the long couplet he tampered with did not leave any impression on people. However, Ruan Yuan's bad behavior of tampering with other people's works without authorization was satirized by Yunnan people: "The soft cigarette bag (homophonic Ruan Yuan) doesn't work, and the radish, leek and onion are good at changing the ancient couplets and laughing at Sun! "It can be seen that people will never buy anything if they do stupid things that are not good for the people, even if they are knowledgeable and have a high reputation.