Poems that study hard.

1. Poetry about hard work

Poems about Kung Fu 1. Poems containing kung fu.

1, South Grid Ji Feng Gold Mud Belt

Song Dynasty: Ouyang Xiu

Golden mud belt with phoenix bun and jade palm comb with dragon pattern. Walking under the window, smiling and supporting each other, loving each other?

Make a pen and draw flowers for a long time and try your hand. Idleness hinders embroidery, so how can the word Yuanyang become a book?

Download and copy the next perfect song.

Marriage, life

Translation:

Holding a palm-sized dragon-shaped jade comb, the hair comb is decorated with impatiens and gold bands into a bun. The wife went to the window, snuggled up in her husband's arms and asked, "Is the eyebrow the right color?"

She fiddled with the pen tube with both hands and snuggled up to her husband for a long time, trying to draw embroidery patterns, but unconsciously delaying embroidery, and asked her husband with a smile, "How do you spell Yuanyang?"

2. Two headlines on the wall

Song: Xia

Kongtong visits the road condescendingly, and ten thousand volumes of Dan books look silly.

Broken iron shoes are nowhere to be found, and it is as easy as blowing off dust.

Translation:

Visiting Taoist priests from Kongtong Mountain came to the edge of Hunan, and the more they read thousands of poems, the more stupid they felt.

Poetic inspiration that can't be found in iron shoes can be obtained without much effort in practice.

3. Read books for children in winter nights.

Song dynasty: Lu you

The ancients learned nothing, and it takes time to grow old.

What you get on paper is so shallow that you never know what you have to do.

Translation:

The ancients spared no effort in learning, worked hard when they were young, and achieved nothing when they were old.

After all, the knowledge gained from books is not perfect. If you want to know things thoroughly, you must practice it yourself.

4. quatrains

Tang Dynasty: Yan Lu

There are few people on Mo Yan Avenue, and kung fu is difficult to do.

Don't say that it's hard for people to understand, naturally because Kung Fu is not at home.

5.pipa music

Tang Dynasty: Yuan Zhen

It is often troublesome to make the monarch hate himself, and he can't listen to it day and night.

Your monarch only hates too many things and has no time to listen every night.

2. What are the sentences that express efforts?

With time and patience, mulberry leaves will become satin.

Turn on the light at five o'clock in the morning, and men should be angry. I don't know if I learn early, but I regret learning late. (Yan Zhenqing)

The rope saws wood, but water drops stones. (Song Dajing)

Don't come back when you are in the prime of life. It's hard to get up in the morning, so we should encourage you in time. Time waits for no one. (Tao Yuanming)

Reading is like writing. ("Twenty-two Rhymes of Wei Zuocheng")

It's not freezing in the cold, how can plum blossoms smell sweet?

Teenagers work hard all their lives, so don't be lazy about time. On the Bookstore of Du Xunhe and His Brothers and Nephews

Use books, hate less, and it is difficult to know mistakes. Inspirational couplets on the earth

Turn on the light at five o'clock in the middle of the night. This is the time for men to study. Persuade Yan Zhenqing.

Reading breaks thousands of books, and writing is like a god. Dedicated to Wei Zuocheng and Fu.

Read thousands of books and take Wan Li Road. Proverbs

Time gives us experience and reading gives us knowledge. Ostrovsky

If the young don't work hard, the old will be sad.

Don't be idle, the boy's head is white and sad.

Dead trees will reappear in spring, and people will no longer be young.

constant grinding turns an iron rod into a needle; constant dropping/dripping wears away a stone; little strokes fell great oaks

Knife will rust if it is not sharpened; People who don't learn will fall behind. Proverbs

There is a road in the mountain of books, but there is no limit to learning the sea. Han Yu

The edge of the sword comes from sharpening, and the fragrance of plum blossoms comes from bitter cold. Proverbs

How about the fun of reading? The grass in front of the green window hasn't been cut yet.

Try to know all the words in the world and aspire to read all the books in the world. Su Shi

3. What poems contain "Kung Fu"?

Poems with "Kung Fu"

1, the ancients learned nothing, young and old. -Lu You, a patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, "Reading on a Winter Night to Show Childe"

Song Lu, you study on winter nights. The ancients spared no effort in reading. Only when they are young and diligent can they achieve anything in old age. This famous sentence was originally an exhortation poem written by Lu You to his son. He asked his son to follow Zhan Ren's example and pursue learning and accumulate knowledge all his life. Lu You's poems have become cultural heritage and spread in society, which has positive social significance. In fact, these two sentences make use of China people's psychology of worshipping ancestors and ancients. Taking the ancient people's persistence in learning as an example, this paper explains the truth that learning must be invested and persisted. It is a famous sentence commonly used in ancient and modern times to persuade students to learn.

2, Luoyang March flowers, such as brocade, how much effort is woven. -Liu Kezhuang, a poet and poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, "Ying Suo"

Liu song's place in kezhuang. The flowers in Luoyang in March are gorgeous. I wonder how long it took orioles to weave them. The author thinks of the left-right drive of the shuttle on the loom and the creaking sound of the loom from the flowers of the oriole and the twirling crows, so he imagines the beautiful scenery of Luoyang as the splendid scenery woven by Yingying shuttle. The idea is magical and the metaphor is vivid. It has a strong flavor of life and artistic taste, which can inspire our artistic thinking.

3, iron shoes have nowhere to break through, and they can be obtained with no effort. -Xia Southern Song Dynasty poet "Jueju"

Textual research on summer quatrains in southern song dynasty. Kung fu: it is time, energy and time spent doing things. I broke my iron shoes, but I couldn't find them. Now I get them easily. These two sentences use the metaphor of "stepping on iron shoes" to describe the amount of energy and time spent on seeking, and then the meaning changes, saying that the goal sought is achieved as easy as blowing off dust, especially showing the chance and accident of obtaining. The semantic contrast before and after is more prominent in autumn. This kind of writing can be learned. Some people regard "iron" as "awn" and "work" as "work" with the same meaning. These two sentences can also be used to illustrate the importance of opportunities.

4, the kung fu is not enough, and the overseas news will not change. -Song Taizong's "Free Travel"

5. It took thousands of years to concentrate on the virtual China people. -Yan Lu's seven words

6, who knows the power of nature, it is rare in this life. -Song Taizong's "Knowledge of Destiny"

4. Sentences, poems and famous sayings about hard work will do.

1 Young people don't work hard, but old people are sad.

-Han Yuefu's ancient poem "Long Songs" 2 Industry is good at diligence, and drama is poor in drama. -Han Yu's "Learning Solution" 3 An inch of time and an inch of gold are hard to buy.

-"Zeng Xianwen" is healthy for 4 days, and gentlemen are constantly striving for self-improvement. -"Zhouyi Feeling Image" 5 is not strong, and it is not wise.

-"Mozi's self-cultivation" 6 green, take it from green and use it in blue; Ice and water are cooler than water. -"Xunzi Persuasion" 7 aims high.

-Zhuge Liang's "Ten Commandments of Exogenous Life" 8 Fu Zhi is all over the world, and Wan Li is still near. -Cao Zhi's "Give a White Horse to Wang Biao" 9 Where there is a will, there is a way.

-The Biography of Han Geng in the Later Han Dynasty 1 1 Once you climb to the top of the mountain and peek, you will see that other mountains are dwarfed under the sky ...-Du Fu's "Looking at Yue" 12 years old, I realized that pines and cypresses were dying.

-"The Analects of Confucius Zi Han" 13 To be a great post, one must first suffer from his mind, his bones and muscles, starve his body, empty his body, and go astray. -"Mencius under indictment" 14 perseverance, uncompromising; Perseverance, the stone can be carved.

-"Xunzi Persuade Learning" 15 Stones can be broken, but not strong; Dan can grind, but he can't win red. -"Lv Chunqiu Cheng Lian" 16 Sincerely added, Shikai.

-"Biography of Ten Kings of Guangwu in the Late Han Dynasty" 17 Worry and fatigue can rejuvenate the country, and one can die. -"History of the New Five Dynasties and Biography of Lingguan" 19 Rummanman Kisshyu is far away from Xi, and I will search up and down.

-Qu Yuan's "Li Sao" 20 Humble people dare not forget the country, and things still need to be covered. -Lu You's Disease 2 1 feet short; Every inch has its advantages.

Insufficient things; I can't think clearly. -Qu Yuan's "Buju" 22 If you want to work hard, the iron pestle is ground into a needle.

-Cao Xue's Zhong Shu Guang Ji went to pengshan county, South Sichuan Province. 23 The rope saw wood, and the water dripped through the stone. -Luo Dajing's "He Lin Yu Lu" is on the 24 th, not afraid of thousands of miles; Do it often, not afraid of a thousand things.

-"Motto Lian Bi Doing Things" 26 Things in the world are often trapped and lost because of extravagance and waste. —— Lu You 27 accumulates soil into mountains and accumulates water into the sea.

-"Xunzi Confucianism" 28 people are not sages and can make mistakes. -"the legacy of training customs" 29 perseverance and courage, this is called justice.

However, the virtue of being born is also. -"Training the actual combat discipline, just saving the injury" 30 died of national disaster and sudden death.

-Cao Zhi's White Horse 3 1 Everyone is responsible for the rise and fall of the world. -Gu 32 If the husband doesn't serve the country, he will end up poor.

-Chen Gongyin's "Shooting Tigers and Shooting Stones" is at 33 o'clock, and it is a dangerous day. The world is cold and loyal. -Bao Zhao's "Jibeimen Generation" If 34 countries are born and die, why not avoid it because of disaster?

-Lin Zexu's "Going to Rongdeng City to Show Your Home" 36 The real person is sincere but not refined, sincere but not moving. -"Zhuangzi Fisherman" 37 Don't use small evils, don't use small goodness.

Only virtue and virtue can serve others. -Liu Bei 38 can't be proud, vertical, happy, and ambitious.

-Kevin·Z 39 Only when you are not proud, you are proud, and don't bully others with pets. -Zhuge Liang 40 lives for survival.

-Zhu 4 1 People who made great achievements in ancient times were not only outstanding talents, but also had perseverance. -Su Shi II: Classic Inspirational Motto-China Hyundai 1 The journey of life, the future is far and dark.

However, don't be afraid, there is only one way before those who are not afraid. -Lu Xun 2 Life is like climbing a mountain, but finding a way out is a learning process. In this process, we should learn to be calm and learn how to find vitality from panic.

-Xi Murong 3 Be a man like a candle. In a limited life, there is a kind of heat and a kind of light, which gives people light and warmth. -Xiao Chunv 4 The so-called genius is nothing more than spending other people's coffee time at work.

-Lu Xun 5 The hope of mankind is like an eternal star, and dark clouds can't cover its light. Especially today, peace is not an ideal or a dream, but the wish of all people.

-Ba Jin 6 We are the masters of the country, and we should think of the country everywhere. -Lei Feng 7 We love our nation, which is the source of our confidence.

-Zhou Enlai In August, silkworms will spin until they die, and people will never stop. There is still work to be done. Make it a good category for young people.

-Wu 9 The enemy of learning is his own satisfaction. If you want to learn something seriously, don't be complacent. We should adopt this attitude towards ourselves, "never tire of learning" and treat others "never tire of teaching".

-Mao Zedong 10 mistakes and setbacks have taught us to be smarter and our feelings will be better. Any political party, any individual, mistakes are inevitable, and we ask ourselves to make fewer mistakes.

If you make a mistake, you need to correct it. The sooner you correct it, the more thorough it is, the better. -Mao Zedong 1 1 minute by minute complacency, in which he stopped absorbing life and excreting life.

Only by accepting criticism can we get rid of all the spiritual dross. Only by absorbing the opinions of others.

I can add new spiritual nourishment. -Xu Teli 12 The decisive factor in forming a genius should be diligence.

..... Serious study and hard practice are in direct proportion-Guo Moruo 13 Conscious mind is the mother of progress, and inferiority mind is the source of degeneration, so conscious mind is indispensable, and inferiority mind is indispensable. -Zou Taofen 14 is the mother of all inventions.

Everything is hard on labor and becomes the truth of the matter. -Tao Xingzhi 15 Immersing in the mud and not being eroded by bourgeois sugar-coated shells is the most valuable revolutionary quality.

-Zhou Enlai 16 People with a little knowledge are not modest; A well-informed and capable person must be modest. -Xie Juezai 17 9 Niu Yi Don't cry roast meat, complacency will capsize.

Looking at many things in ancient and modern times, from humble to luxurious. No matter what happens, please accept life quietly and happily, and smile bravely and boldly forever.

-Luxembourg If two people are afraid of pain, disease, accidents and the danger of life and death, they can't stand anything. -Rousseau's life is always ups and downs.

It will not be like the rising sun forever, nor will it be miserable forever. Repeated ups and downs are a test for a person.

Therefore, those who float on it need not be proud. Those who sink to the bottom need not be pessimistic. We must be frank and modest.

5. Idioms to describe hard work

Bao Dao is not old: for example, although he is old or has not been in this line for a long time, his kung fu has not declined.

Holding branches and picking leaves: I still say that I will give up my roots and pursue it to the end. Metaphor does not grasp the fundamental link, but only works hard on side issues.

No salary: not seeing a car full of firewood is a metaphor for doing it effortlessly.

Beyond the refinement of dust: the refinement of dust: Buddhism is called secular and secular. Buddhists practice martial arts deeply, beyond the world.

Describe a far superior person. Ungrateful: refers to wasting efforts, not getting results, but bringing bad influence.

Between breaths: the effort to breathe. Metaphor time is short.

Acquaintance: refers to the two sides after a contest, each showing their kung fu, and finally become friends from strangers. Big ink drop: ink drop: pen drop.

The original intention is to work hard on the main part when drawing or writing an article. Metaphorical works focus on the big picture.

Big ink: originally, it means that when drawing or writing an article, you should work hard on the main part. Metaphorical works focus on the big picture.

What you get from your heart is what you get from your hands: get: get, understand; Answer: adapt. It is easy to understand the essentials and do it.

Describe the kung fu home, the heart and hand correspond. Diligent and thankless: refers to wasting efforts and not getting results, but bringing bad influence.

Enemy of Gong Li: Gong Li: Kung Fu and strength; Know: completely; Enemy: quite. Both sides have made equal efforts and strength.

It is often said that two excellent works of art go hand in hand. No donation: Gong: Kung Fu; Don: in vain, empty; Donate: give up.

Buddhism, kung fu will not be wasted. Success comes naturally: with enough efforts, things will naturally have results.

Number of lines: number of lines: read line by line; Ink search: read word for word. Refers to reading sentences without understanding the meaning.

It also means working hard on words. Great system: great, great.

A work describing great engineering and profound kung fu. It's easier to draw ghosts than people: it's easier to tell lies out of nothing, but it takes some effort to have real talent and practical learning.

Destroy: in: in; Once: One day. A day's work is ruined.

The fruits of long-term labor were destroyed at once. When the fire reaches the pig's head, it will rot: when the fire passes, the pig's head will naturally cook.

It means that as long as the time is up, things will naturally succeed. Cocoon, silk, ox hair: Describe the meticulous kungfu.

Reduce costs to the end: I still say I will give up to the end. Metaphor does not grasp the fundamental link, but only works hard on side issues.

Loss: loss: lack, owe; Basket: a bamboo basket full of dirt. Only the last basket of earth is needed to build a Kung Fu Mountain.

Metaphor is to accomplish a great event only by the last point and fail to succeed. From the end of the book: I still say that I will give up the book and pursue it to the end.

Metaphor does not grasp the fundamental link, but only works hard on side issues. Perfect: pure: pure.

Taoist alchemists believe that it is successful to make a pure blue flame in the furnace. Later, it was used to describe the perfection of kung fu.

Nine-year face wall: face wall: in Buddhist language, it means sitting silently facing the wall. It turns out that Dharma, the ancestor of Zen Buddhism in China, spent nine years in Shaolin Temple.

After the metaphor, I will work hard at my studies. Stick as a needle: describe that no matter how hard you work, you can do it.

Learning first: refers to learning without fundamental effort, only learning a little fur. Poor knowledge at the end of learning: at the end of learning: learning has no foundation; Knowledge poverty: superficial knowledge.

Refers to learning without fundamental effort, only learning a little fur. Wooden chicken raised to: wooden chicken: a kind of cockfighting that looks as dull as wood.

Describe kung fu as home. Hard work, iron pestle grinds into needle: iron pestle: iron mallet.

As long as you are willing to make great efforts, even an iron hammer can be ground into an embroidery needle. As long as you are willing to work hard, things will succeed.

Abandoning the root and seeking the end: metaphor does not grasp the fundamental link, but only works hard on the side issues. The same as "abandoning the roots and chasing the end."

Abandon the roots and pursue the end: abandon: abandon; 11: Pursuit. In ancient times, it meant giving up farming and mulberry to engage in other undertakings such as industry and commerce.

Now the metaphor fails to grasp the fundamental link and only works hard on the side issues. Fist never leaves, mouth never leaves: people who practice martial arts should practice often, and singers should sing often.

Metaphor means that only by studying hard and practicing hard can you master kung fu. Count the sand in the sea: ① Count the sand at the bottom of the sea.

Metaphor is futile. (2) Work hard with Yu.

Give priority to the end: metaphor does not grasp the fundamental link, but only works hard on side issues. It's the same as "giving up the basics and chasing the end."

Give up this for the end: give up: give up; Seeking: pursuing. Abandon the fundamental and the main, and pursue the secondary and the secondary.

Metaphor does not grasp the fundamental link, but only works hard on side issues. Give up skills: give up: give up; Things: engage in.

Abandon the fundamental and the main, and pursue the secondary and the secondary. Metaphor does not grasp the fundamental link, but only works hard on side issues.

Give up this and seek the end: give up: give up; Things: engage in. Give up farming and go into business.

Generally speaking, we don't start from the root, but work hard on the details. Give up this pursuit: give up: give up; 11: Pursuit.

Abandon the fundamental and the main, and pursue the secondary and the secondary. Metaphor does not grasp the fundamental link, but only works hard on side issues.

Divine power: refers to superb kung fu, which is almost beyond human power. Count the ink and find the line: count the ink: read word for word; Line-by-line search: read line by line.

Refers to reading sentences without understanding the meaning. It also means working hard on words.

Lose the foundation and pursue the end: or give up the foundation and pursue the end. It means abandoning the roots and focusing on the details.

Heaven rewards diligence: heaven: justice; Reward: reporting; Diligence: Diligence. God will reward those who work hard.

If you work hard, you are sure to achieve something. Too busy to take care of: leisure: leisure; Care: Care.

I have no time to think about it. Searching for lines and counting ink: searching for lines: reading line by line; Counting ink: read word for word.

Refers to reading sentences without understanding the meaning. It also means working hard on words.

Seeking the end of the flow: seeking the end at the expense of the original. Metaphor does not grasp the fundamental link, but only works hard on side issues.

Line by line: line by line: read line by line; Counting ink: read word for word. Refers to reading sentences without understanding the meaning.

It also means working hard on words. Invisible: wrong: staggered.

Three relics of a meal, I didn't see them in the blink of an eye: vectors: passing "shit" and feces.

I went to the toilet three times in one meal. Describe old age, weakness or uselessness.

As long as the work goes deep, the iron pestle grinds into a needle: metaphor perseverance will eventually succeed. Work is also called "work".

Elbow grease gives the best polish.

6. Poems praising martial arts

1, broken array-Xin Qiji in Southern Song Dynasty

Drunk in the dream of watching the sword under the oil lamp, dreaming back to the old days of the military camp, a horn sounded.

Eight hundred miles to divide the main fire, fifty strings to turn over the Great Wall, and the enemy is on the battlefield in autumn.

Commentary: Late at night, looking at my sword through the light of wine, my thoughts have already flown to the time of trumpet camping.

Give the soldiers a good meal with beef, and let the musical instruments play magnificent military music to boost morale.

2. "White Horse"-Li Bai in Tang Dynasty

After drinking, three cups of nod.

Killing people is like mowing grass, and playing with Meng.

Explanation: You flew in the air after drinking, drank three cups and smiled.

You kill people like mowing grass and travel around the world with drama and Meng.

3. Jack's Youth outing-Li Bai in Tang Dynasty

When he was young, he studied Mattler de Ames and Mattler de Ames. The white ape was defeated by young people and flew into a branch as an ape.

The boy was wearing a brocade robe inlaid with precious stones, with a dagger and Wu Gou pinned to his waist.

He is a man of ten thousand people, and now he has a sword in his waist.

Friendship and brave people, two friends, like before, together with new wine and wine.

Youth ambition, even in the city, can end a person's life between a glass of wine.

Don't go to Shui Han, Yi Shuo. Look at today's Baihongguan Day. It's so beautiful.

Commentary: When Jing Ke was a teenager, his swordsmanship was extraordinary. He can cut down sensitive white apes in the mountains with his sword, and his swordsmanship is good enough to shoot swans in the sky.

Jing Ke was born with great courage, and his sword added a bit of heroism.

All the friends I make are people like Xi Meng, who drink together in Xinfeng and never come back until they are drunk.

Jing Ke's bravery, killing people in the street, shows his generosity, leisurely drinking, and shows his calmness. He is a very determined person.

Moreover, I think it is shameful to be afraid of Xiao cold, and there is a tendency to infiltrate Changhong.

Extended data

The Original Function of Wushu

Personal protection

Primitive society: the strong and the weak fight, one side moves, and then martial arts. Wu, stop fighting for Wu and come to an end.

Martial arts, the art of eliminating armistice. China Wushu and China traditional Wushu, through the spread of Wushu and under the technical guidance of "stopping invasion", guide practitioners to enter the traditional education mode of understanding the objective laws of man, nature and society. It is the guidance and guarantee of human material civilization.

Anguo qiangmin course

Country, Community: Chu Zhuangwang said: Wen Fu, stop fighting and become a force. And E68A8462616964757A 68696416F3133431363030, saying, "Those who fight against violence can do a lot, and those who live in wealth will also." . -Twelve Years of Zuo's Spring and Autumn Period.

During the Spring and Autumn Period, Chu Zhuangwang, the son of King Chu, was the King of Chu. From 6 13 BC to 59 1 year BC, he was one of the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius visited the State of Chu, saying that Chu Zhuangwang's political thought was consistent with the Confucian "benevolence". Before Chu Zhuangwang.

Chu has always been excluded from China culture; Since Chu Zhuangwang, it has made Chu strong, played a great role in the spread of Chinese culture and the formation of national spirit, and dominated the Central Plains, making it famous all over the world.

About Wushu

Wushu, personally, is a skill to stop infringement and safeguard one's own safety and rights; In the country, it is the soldiers who make great contributions.

7. Are there any poems about martial arts?

Du Fu Watching Gong Sundaniang Dance Sword

Du Fu: Song of Dagger Dancing by Lady Sun's Female Disciple

On October 19th, the second year of Dali, Kuifu drove home to see the sword-dancing device of Li Linying Shierniang, which was very powerful. ask

His teacher said: Foolish Gong Sundaniang's disciple is also. In the third year of Kaiyuan, when I was a child, I recorded in Yancheng to watch Gongsun's sword-dancing device.

Uneasy. When you are frustrated, you are the only one. Gaotou Yichun Liyuan Erjifang is a native of Waichong, and Xiao is a dancer.

At the beginning of the emperor, Sun was alone. Jade looks gorgeous and white! Today, my disciples are also ashamed. acknowledged

Its origin is unknown. Generous, talk like a sword. Zhang Xushan, a former Wu Man, wrote cursive notes and tasted them several times.

Ye Xian saw Gong Sundaniang dancing Xihe sword, and since then cursive script has improved, so he was very grateful. That is, gongsun knows!

A few years ago, there was a beautiful Gongsun who danced her dagger from all directions.

The audience is like a mountain lost between them, and the world moves back and forth with her movements.

As bright as an archer shooting down the nine suns in the sky, as fast as an angel in front of a dragon's wings.

She began to be like a thunderbolt, venting its anger and ending the shining calm like rivers and seas.

But those red lips and pearl sleeves disappeared, and no one except this student smelled of her fame.

This beautiful woman from Linying, White God Town, still dances and sings happily.

When we answer each other's questions, we sigh together and feel sad for the changes that have taken place.

There are 8,000 ladies-in-waiting in the harem, but none of them can dance short sword like Mrs. Sun.

Fifty years later, with a flick of a finger, the dusty cave of the colossus fainted the royal family.

The performers in the pear garden floated like fog, replaced by women's music, reflecting the cold days.

There are adult-sized trees beside the emperor's golden tomb, and I seem to hear the grass creaking on the cliff in Qutang.

The song has been sung, the slow-string allegro has stopped, the joy is in full swing, the moon in the east rises, and the sadness follows.

And I, a poor old man, don't know where to go. I must sharpen my feet towards illness and despair on a lonely mountain.