In the history of China literature, poems describing love are like stars dotted with the incomparable brilliance and beauty of human civilization.
However, these love poems all have the same theme: "I love you and you love me". Although the theme is the same, love poems can never be finished.
Why? It is because poets choose different "images" when describing love, that is, the words representing love are different.
There are many images symbolizing love in Tang poetry, such as Luan Jing, Bimu, Yuanyang, two-winged bird, lotus branches, red leaves, Wushan Yu Yun and so on. Understand these eight words, and you will understand the love in Tang poetry.
Lu Chang 'an Ancient Meaning: "Success, why not quit?"? You would rather be a mandarin duck than a fairy. "
Legend has it that flounder has a flat body and only one eye. Only two fish can meet to form two eyes before marching, like a couple who share joys and sorrows.
Besides, Yuanyang is a beautiful waterfowl. They swim in the water all day and never leave each other. It is said that as long as one of them is caught, the other one will be lovesick to death.
Willing to be a matchmaker and a mandarin duck is the affirmation and desire of many men and women in the world for love. What do immortals envy? You can lose your life!
In many literary works of later generations, China, flounder and Yuanyang became the symbols of faithful love. Such as the long narrative poem Peacock Flying Southeast at the end of Han Dynasty and Jiao Hong Collection in novels and operas.
Bai Juyi's Taihang Road: "What's more, my heart hasn't changed in the mirror."
What is "Luan Jing"? That is, the bronze mirror decorated with the pattern of Luan bird in ancient times, which is a legendary god bird in ancient times.
There is a story in Liu's "Different Garden" in the Southern Dynasties: King Bin had a phoenix, which lost its spouse and didn't sing for three years. His wife told him, "It is said that this kind of bird can sing when it sees its own image", so she hung a mirror to see it. Sure enough, when she saw herself in the mirror, the phoenix bird began to sing, singing sadly, and crashed into the cage in the middle of the night and died.
This kind of bird loyal to love, which the ancients cast in the mirror, is the "Luan mirror" that often appears in poetry. In Tang poetry, "Luan Jing" is a frequent image to express loyalty to love.
Legend has it that Luan birds are monogamous, and men and women are always inseparable, and they come and go in pairs. In addition to Bai Juyi's Taihang Road, Wen's Bodhisattva Man also wrote "Luan Jing Hua, who knows this?" .
Wang Wei's Acacia: When those red berries come in spring, they flush on your southern branches. People who want to miss them collect more, and Mix red beans have attracted people's attention.
Red beans are produced in the south. They are strong, bright red and round, as crystal clear as coral. Southerners often use them as decorations. Legend has it that there was a woman in ancient times, because her husband died by the side and cried under the tree and turned into red beans, so people called it "acacia". Later generations often use "red beans" to symbolize love or acacia.
It is also often used in Tang poetry to express lovesickness. However, "lovesickness" is not limited to the scope of love between men and women, but also between friends. For example, Wang Wei's "Acacia" and "A Gift from the River to Li Guinian" express the feelings of missing friends.
Other Tang poems that express lovesickness through "red beans" include: Wen's "linglong dice Anhoutou, do you know lovesickness?" In the Qing Dynasty, Wang Shizhen mourned the poem "Red bean acacia in the south of the Yangtze River, and flowers bloom every year to remember you."
Bai Juyi's hall of eternal life: the clouds of her hair, the petals on her cheeks, the golden ripples on her crown when she moves, are covered by warm hibiscus curtains on spring nights. Pond, garden, palace, everything is the same as before, Taiye Lake hibiscus, Weiyang Palace willow. But the petals are like her face, and the willow leaves are like her eyebrows. Whenever he looks at them, what can he do but cry? .
Lotus, referred to as lotus for short, is also called lotus, hibiscus, hibiscus, lotus, Ganoderma lucidum, Cao Ling and so on. In China literature, there are countless poems and songs about lotus flowers. For example, there are such poems in the Book of Songs: "Bize is vicious, thin and lotus", "Bize is vicious and thin" and "the mountains are full of sorrow and glory".
Lotus grows in the mud, but it comes out of the mud without being stained. In the eyes of China people, lotus is often used as a metaphor for a noble gentleman. In addition, one flower and two flowers in the lotus are called love in the third place, so the lotus is also used to symbolize the harmony between men and women and the love of husband and wife.
In the newly-married couplets, there is often a saying that "love birds sleeps in evergreen trees, and hoof flowers grow to be frugal". It is often used by men and women to break up, but their affection is still there.
Lotus and cherish are homophonic, and "Qing" and "Qing" are homophonic. Therefore, the use of lotus as a symbol of "pure love" in literary works appeared very early. For example, Yuefu in the Southern Dynasties said, "Lotus is picked in Nantang in autumn, and the lotus is over the head. Bow your head to get lotus seeds, which are as green as water. " Pun intended to express a woman's deep yearning for the man she loves and the purity of her love.
Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow: On the seventh day of July, in the Palace of Eternal Life, we secretly told each other in the quiet midnight world. We hope to fly in heaven, two birds become one and grow on the earth, two branches of a tree. ..
Connecting branches refers to two trees whose roots and branches are intertwined; Love birds, a legendary bird, is used as a metaphor for loving couples in classical poetry.
When it comes to recent love, Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow should be the first thing that most people in China think of. But the story of "Die Lian Hua" was originally not used to describe the love between Yang Guifei and Tang Xuanzong, but to describe the love between Han Ping and Xi during the Eastern Zhou and Warring States periods.
During the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and the Warring States Period, King Kang of Song saw that Mr. Han Ping's wife was beautiful and took him over. Later, Mr. and Mrs. Han Ping committed suicide by double suicide. After his death, King Kang of Song refused to let them be buried together.
Soon, two big catalpa trees grew at both ends of the two graves. The trunks of the two trees are curved and close to each other, the roots cross underground and the branches cross above. There are also two birds, a female and a male, perching in the tree, with their necks wailing and their voices miserable.
In order to commemorate Han Ping and his wife, Song called this tree "acacia tree" and this bird "love birds". Later generations used "love birds and Lian Zhizhi" to symbolize the love between husband and wife.
As soon as the red leaf poems of Shang Yang's palace maid entered the palace, there was no spring every year. Talk about a leaf and give it to your lover.
Gu Kuang's Poems on the Garden is also a time when flowers fall into the palace and the ladies-in-waiting of Shang Yang are heartbroken. The imperial city can't help flowing eastward. Who wants to send poems to Ye?
These two poems are about the love story between the poet Gu Kuang and a maid-in-waiting.
According to legend, during the Tianbao period of the Tang Dynasty, there were many maids in Shang Yang Palace, most of whom were young and had empty lives. Therefore, some ladies-in-waiting of Shang Yang wrote poems on the red leaves and threw them into the palace to express their feelings.
One day, the poet Gu Kuang found a red leaf in a waterway outside the Shang Yang Palace. On the leaf, he wrote a poem, "When I entered the palace, I saw no spring every year. I talked about a leaf and gave it to my lover. " Therefore, the poet also wrote a poem on the red leaves, and entered the palace through the red leaves to get in touch with the sad maids.
From then on, Gu Kuang and the maid-in-waiting often used red leaves to convey their love. Soon, during the Anshi Rebellion, Gu Kuang took advantage of the war to find a maid-in-waiting who escaped from Shangyang Palace with him, and the two married.
Since then, red leaves have been regarded as a symbol of faithful love. Later scholars expressed their feelings with the pronoun of "red leaves", and later they expressed their feelings with poems.
Shuang Yan Divorce by Li Bai was an enviable double flight when Shuang Yan returned to Shuang Yan. They always build love nests in pairs in Yulou Bamboo Pavilion and play with each other in golden window embroidery. The terrace caught fire and burned their nest, so they had to build a nest in Wu's palace. Wu Gong was burned again, and this time it was even worse, burning an empty nest. Only the emaciated widow swallowed it by herself, and the female Yan was thin with infinite love for the male Yan. The days of Fly with Me are gone forever, which really makes people want to break.
Swallows are male and female. They fly together, so they become a symbol of love. In many ancient Chinese literary works, there are many poems describing love with "swallows", such as "Swallows in pairs, the royal family holding a mud nest" and "Swallows are newly married, like brothers" in the Book of Songs. Yan Yan is flying, the pool is different from its feathers, and the son of Yu Gui is far away from the wilderness. "
Another example is Qin Taoyu's Swallow: I don't know if the building is empty, but it has been stuck in the corner. I once talked to a beautiful woman, but I gave up embroidery time several times.
It is because of this pair of swallows that couples are eager to fly with me. So "Swallow" is borrowed by many poets to praise love.
Yuan Zhen's "Li Si" was once a sea of water, and it was forever amber. Walking through the flowers, I'm too lazy to look twice. Part of it is my Taoist culture, and part of it is you.
Yu Yun of Wushan talks about "Gao Tang Mi" written by Chu and Song Yu in the Warring States Period: "My concubine is the grandson of Wushan, and the way of high hills is also." Morning clouds, dusk rain, morning and evening, under the balcony. "
The original intention of Wushan sex myth is that the intercourse between king and god can make the population multiply and the nation prosper, while the extended meaning of later generations focuses on the love between men and women.
In Tang poetry, poems describing love with "Wushan Yu Yun" abound: Wang Bo's "Jiangnan Lane": Jiangnan Lane, Wushan Lian Chu Meng, rain and clouds send each other several times. In the spring, the Jade Boy Fairy didn't have time to see it. Li Bai's qingpingdiao: a piece of red dew condenses fragrance, and sex and rain heartbroken. Excuse me, who looks like Han Palace? The poor swallow relies on new cosmetics.
Later generations used this code to describe the relationship between men and women. For example, Xiang Wangqing, Wushan Balcony, Goddess, Yunyu Wushan, Twelve Peaks, High Tang Yun, Clouds, Spring Dreams, Morning Clouds, Broken Clouds and Residual Rain, etc.