The second book, Letters, is a style of Bai. So we know that "Thank you for writing a book" is a letter written by Tao Hongjing to Xie Zhongshu.
Books are letters, and ancient books are also called "letters" or "miscellaneous books to Du Fu", which is an applied style. However, China's applied style has never rejected the aesthetic literary attribute, especially the integration of letters, and China's ancient lyric prose began with letters. The combination of practicality and aesthetics of letters is perfect.
Letters of the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties focus on practicality, and most scholars have no intention of writing them as aesthetic works. After the Tang and Song Dynasties, in the writings of some literati, the practical function of letters was obviously weakened and the aesthetic expression was strengthened day by day. Some letters are intentionally written as pure literary works (see the preface to China's Letters Literature History by Zhan).
Chi language has many literary functions, such as Sima Qian's letter to Ren 'an and Lin Juemin's letter to his wife. You can also write landscapes, such as Wu Jun's "A Book with Song and Yuan Dynasties"; You can write personal events and feelings, such as Ji Kang's Breaking Up with the Mountain Giant, you can also talk about literature, such as Cao Pi's With the Book of Wu, you can also talk about politics, such as Ouyang Xiu's Taking Official Books from the Crossing, and you can also pay respects to dignitaries and encourage them to learn later, thus forming a unique book. Like other styles, Ju Chi also pays attention to the layout of articles and the quality of words.
In addition, letters are not always marked with the word "book", such as Su Shi's Yuzidi and Answering Qin Taixu.
2. China Classical Literature Common Sense Examination Requirements: 1. Understand the content of the article and the author's point of view. 2. Understand the basic content of simple classical Chinese after class. 3. Translate classical Chinese. 4. Common notional words. 5. Commonly used function words. 6. Dictate text or fragments. 7. Read aloud or punctuate sentences correctly. Classical Chinese translation (1) Classical Chinese translation principles. The three basic principles of translating classical Chinese are ". The requirements of "elegance" and "faithfulness" are to be faithful to the content of the original text and the meaning of every sentence, and to be translated literally with the implementation of every word and sentence in modern Chinese. The requirement of "Da" is that the translation should be clear. The language should be fluent and the tone should not be distorted. The requirement of elegance is to accurately express the content, form and style of the original text in concise, beautiful and literary modern Chinese. Generally, "loyalty" and "vividness" are enough. (2) The key to classical Chinese translation is to accurately translate keywords. (3) The five-character translation method of classical Chinese is 1, and proper nouns are reserved. It can be recorded without translation. For example, "In the spring of the fourth year of Li Qing, Tengzi entered Beijing to defend Baling County. "(The Story of Yueyang Tower) 2. Fill in the gaps when translating classical Chinese. 3. Some function words in ancient Chinese are no longer used, and their translation does not affect their expression. For example, the word "Fu" can be deleted, which is equivalent to adding a pause to "Zhi".
3. Classical Chinese, letters of literary common sense
Letters and gifts
The first book: Chinese book, the official title of the Southern Dynasties.
The second book, Letters, is a style.
So we know that "Thank you for writing a book" is a letter written by Tao Hongjing to Xie Zhongshu.
Books are letters, and ancient books are also called "letters" or "letters", which is an applied style. However, China's applied style has never rejected the aesthetic literary attribute, especially the integration of letters, and China's ancient lyric prose began with letters. The combination of practicality and aesthetics of letters is perfect. Letters of the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties focus on practicality, and most scholars have no intention of writing them as aesthetic works. After the Tang and Song Dynasties, in the works of some literati, the practical function of letters was obviously weakened and the aesthetic expression was strengthened day by day. Some letters are intentionally written as pure literary works (see the preface to China's Letters Literature History by Zhan). Yi Yu has various literary functions and can be lyrical, such as Sima Qian's Letter from Renan and Lin Juemin's Letter from His Wife. You can also write landscapes, such as Wu Jun's "A Book with Song and Yuan Dynasties"; You can write personal events and feelings, such as Ji Kang's Breaking Up with the Mountain Gathering Source, you can also talk about literature, such as Cao Pi's With the Quality of Martial Arts, you can also talk about politics, such as Ouyang Xiu's Book of Raising Officials through Going to the Sea, and you can also visit dignitaries to encourage them to study in the future, which has formed a unique tradition of writing. Like other styles, Ju Chi also pays attention to the layout and quality of articles. In addition, letters are not always marked with the word "book", such as Su Shi's Yuzidi and Answering Qin Taixu.
4. Basic knowledge of classical Chinese in junior high school. When you read an ancient prose, there are several steps: 1. Understand the origin, author, background and style of this article. 2. Basic knowledge can be divided into words and phrases. Words can be divided into sound, shape and meaning. List what you can't do and accumulate it with your heart. The meaning of words can be divided into interchangeable words, ancient and modern meanings, polysemy and flexible use of parts of speech. Related to other ancient prose. Never let go of a word. (You can't always add words. Fourth, content understanding is what this article has written, what is the reason, what feelings it has expressed, what is the meaning of a sentence, the overall structure of the article and so on. Try to figure this out slowly by yourself and explore it in combination with your own literary background, the background of the article and the author's situation. Fifth, expand and extend the knowledge about a certain point of the article. For example, this article is to persuade. You can accumulate some poems and famous sayings that the ancients advised you to study or learn. Ps: Tribal Tiger, this is my own experience in learning ancient Chinese. My Chinese has always been good. Typing is very hard, so >-Finally, I sincerely wish you can learn ancient Chinese well.
5. Classical Chinese knowledge in senior high school 1. The literature from ancient China to Qin Shihuang's unification of China (22 BC1year) is called pre-Qin literature.
Myth existed before the invention of writing. Myth is full of rich imagination and is the source of China's romantic literature.
3. The most popular myths in China are "Goddess of mending the sky", "Houyi shooting at the sun", "Jingwei filling the sea" and "Goddess of the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon".
4. Shangshu is the earliest collection of historical documents in China, and it is said that it was edited by Confucius.
5. The Book of Songs is the earliest collection of poems in China, including 305 pieces of music from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the mid-Spring and Autumn Period.
6. The Songs of Chu was compiled by Liu Xiang in the Western Han Dynasty, which included the poems of Qu Yuan and Song Yu. Because of its Chu voice, it is called Chu Ci, which has a far-reaching influence on later literary creation.
7. Qu Yuan is a great patriotic poet in China, and Li Sao is his masterpiece.
8. "The road to Xiu Yuan is long and the road to Xiu Yuan is long, and I will go up and down to find it" is a famous sentence in Qu Yuan's Lisao.
9. Pre-Qin prose refers to the prose in the pre-Qin period, which is divided into historical prose and various schools of thought prose. Zuo Zhuan and Warring States Policy are the representatives of historical prose in the pre-Qin period. The Analects of Confucius, Mencius, Mozi and Zhuangzi are the representatives of pre-Qin hundred schools of thought.
10, Zuo Zhuan is China's first narrative historical work, which has made great achievements in history, literature and language.
1 1. The Analects of Confucius is a documentary collection of essays, which recorded the words and deeds of Confucius and his students and was written by Confucius' students. This Confucian classic has a great influence on China culture.
12, "Isn't it a pleasure to have friends from afar?" (It's a great pleasure to have friends from afar) "Don't do to others what you don't want them to do to you" (don't do to others what you don't want them to do to you), which is a famous saying in The Analects of Confucius.
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6. Knowledge of literature, grammar and ancient poetry. Common sense of literature 1. The first poetess was Cai Yan (Wen Xi). 2. The first biographical history: Historical Records. 3. The first dictionary is Erya. The first encyclopedia is Yongle Grand Ceremony. 5. The first book of poetry is The Book of Songs. 6. The first anthology is Zhao Ming Anthology. 7. the first one. Collection: Shi Shuo Xin Yu 10. The first collection of strange stories in classical Chinese: Search Ji Shen 1 1. The first recorded work: The Analects of Confucius 12. The first recorded history book is Chunqiu 13. The first chronicle: hanshu 13.
17. The Double Treasure of History: Historical Records as a Mirror 18. Two beats: the first moment of surprise, the second moment of surprise (Ling Mengchu) 19. Da Du Li: Li Bai Du Fu Xiao Du Li: Li Shangyin Du Mu 20. The Gemini of China's Modern Literature: Lu Xun and Guo Moruo 2 1. Three immortals Three biographies of the Spring and Autumn Period: Zuo Zhuan Yang Gongzhuan Gu Liangzhuan 24. Three Kings: Yu Xia, Shang Tang and Duke Zhou. Sanshan: Penglai abbot Yingzhou 26. Three religions: Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism 27. Sangong: Zhou, Sima Situ was in the Western Han Dynasty, and the Prime Minister was Tai Wei, an ancient scholar, and Ming. Tai Shi Tai Fu Tai Bao 28. Three Cao Cao: the twenty-ninth Cao Cao and Cao Pi. Third Hospital of Public Security: Yuan Zhongdao, Yuan Hongdao and Yuan Zongdao 30. Jiangnan Sangu Building: Yueyang Tower, Wuchang Yellow Crane Tower, Hunan 3 1. Three friends in cold years: Song 32. Sanfu: Zuo Fengyi, You Fufeng, Jing 33. Three elements in scientific research: after having obtained the township entrance examination, taking the senior high school entrance examination, palace examination and Zi. Top scholar) 34. The court exam is three ding Jia: the top 35. Three quintessences of China: Peking Opera, Traditional Chinese Medicine and Traditional Chinese Painting. Three words: Yu Shiming's words of warning and awakening (Feng Menglong) 37. Three Confucian Classics: Zhou's Book of Rites 38. Sanzang: Xin 'an official, Shi Haoguan, Tongguan official 39. Three Farewells: Newly married, don't be old, don't be homeless. Flower 4 1 in Tang Di, Guo Xiang. Mao Dun's trilogy "Erosion": disillusionment shakes the pursuit of the countryside trilogy: the harvest of spring silkworms in autumn and winter is still 42. Ba Jin's Trilogy of Love: Fog, Rain and Electricity Trilogy of Riptide: Home, Spring and Autumn 43. First national history: Mandarin 44. The first album to record the words and deeds of counselors and consultants: National Policy. 46. The first great patriotic poet: Qu Yuan. The first narrative poem: Peacock Flying Southeast (357 sentences, 1785 words) 48. The first monograph on literary criticism: Canon? Thesis (Cao Pi) 49. The first pastoral poet: Eastern Jin Dynasty, Tao Yuanming 50. The first monograph on literary theory and criticism: Liu Xie's Wen Xin Diao Long in the Southern and Northern Dynasties 5 1. The first monograph on poetic theory and criticism: Zhong Rong's Poems in the Southern and Northern Dynasties 52. The first popular science work, a notebook comprehensive academic work —— On the Notes of Meng Qian by Shen Kuo in the Northern Song Dynasty, page 53. The first diary travel notes: the travel notes of Xu Hongzu and Xu Xiake in Ming Dynasty 54. The first poetess, also known as "one pronoun family": Li Qingzhao's literary knowledge (2) 1. China's first satirical novel: The Scholars II. China comes first. He is a translator who knows nothing. 3. China's first collection of short stories in classical Chinese created by individuals: Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio. 4. The first short story in the history of China's new literature is Diary of a Madman. The first writer who opened up the "Fairy Tale Garden" was Ye Shengtao. 6. China's first romantic fairy tale: Journey to the West. 7. The first reportage work is: (Xia Yan) Bonded Labor. Longxugou 9. The two outstanding schools in the pre-Qin period were Confucianism and Mohism 10. The two representatives of Confucianism are: Kong Qiu and Mencius, who are regarded as the most holy and the less holy respectively. 1 1. During the years of Kaiyuan and Tianbao in Tang Dynasty, there appeared two schools of frontier fortress ci, represented by Gao Shi and Meng Zi. The latter is unpretentious 12. Song ci is often divided into two categories: bold and graceful. The former is represented by Su Shi and Xin Qiji, while the latter is represented by Liu Yong, Zhou Bangyan and Li Qingzhao. The two banners held high by the May 4th New Culture Movement are: opposing old ethics, advocating new morality, opposing old literature and advocating new literature .50038.000060060605 & gt the authors are: Russian Nikolai Gogol and China Lu Xun 15. There are two great epics in world literature: Iliad Odyssey 16. The three treasures of Buddhism are: Buddhism (I know a lot), Buddhism (the teachings of the Buddha) and monks (the people who inherit or preach the teachings) 17. Three from four virtues, three from the father: marry from the husband. Female workers with moral behavior 18. The first, middle and last three days are collectively referred to as three volts. The third Geng Day is the first day of the first day of the summer season, and the fourth Geng Day is the first day of the last day after the autumn festival. Ten days after the first day, ten days or twenty days in the middle. 19. Three cardinal guides and five permanent members: three cardinal guides: father as son, minister as husband as wife, and five permanent members: benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith, 20. Three aunts and six grandmothers: matchmaker, teacher, grandmother (wizard), aunt, goddess, midwife, 2 1. Three Emperors and Five Emperors: Huang San. Three religions: nine streams of Confucianism and Taoism: Confucianism, Taoism, yin and yang, ink and name miscellaneous farmers. 23. Three Mountains and Five Mountains: Sanxian Mountain in the East China Sea: Yingzhou, Penglai and Abbot; Wuyue: Dongyue Taishan Nanyue Hengshan Xiyue Huashan Beiyue Hengshan Zhongyue Songshan 24. Three natures: cattle, sheep and pigs are sacrificed (too prison) (less prison without cattle) 25. Three unification: the principle of drama creation formulated by European classical generalized drama theorists is: the same place, the same time and the same plot. 26. Buddhist Samana: Stop worrying and focus on one situation. (The practice method stresses precepts as dharma, and sutras as reason (those who are familiar with Sanzang are called Sanzang Master) 28. Three provinces and six departments: three provinces: Zhongshu Province (decision-making), Xiamen Province (deliberation), Shangshu Province (execution), six departments: officials, leaders and soldiers, 29. Su San: Su Shi, Su Zhe, three armies: up, middle, down/left, middle, right/sea, land and air 30. Wu: Wu.
7. Common sense of college Chinese literature (1): Common sense of college Chinese literature 1.
8. Books about all aspects of Chinese knowledge: high school Chinese basic knowledge manual catalogue book information content introduction catalogue editing this paragraph book information high school Chinese basic knowledge manual Author: Xue Jinxing Editor-in-Chief Press: Beijing Education Press Publication time: 20 10-4- 1 words: 720,000 folio: 32 folio: 97875. 30329498 Pricing: 29.80 Edit this paragraph. The Handbook of Basic Knowledge of Chinese in Senior High School 1993 was published and sold well for a long time. It has become a necessary reference book and a well-known brand of teaching AIDS for senior high school students and teachers in China. In order to live up to the readers' high expectations of the Basic Knowledge Manual of Chinese in Senior High School, we once again invited some first-line professional and senior expert teachers from all provinces and cities in China. It has been completely revised. In the process of compiling, experts have made a comprehensive and in-depth study of the Chinese Curriculum Standard for Ordinary Senior High Schools, the required and optional textbooks of various versions, the old syllabus textbooks and the Chinese Examination Outline for Senior High Schools, and absorbed the knowledge essence of relevant authoritative works and newspapers and magazines, striving to make this book a more authoritative, practical and comprehensive reference book. According to the examination scope of China National College Entrance Examination, the book is divided into four parts. This paper systematically introduces relevant knowledge and learning methods. Language knowledge and language expression are divided into basic knowledge and extended sentences such as pronunciation, Chinese characters, punctuation, words, sentences and figures of speech according to the new curriculum standard. Part of language application ability, such as compressing paragraphs, selecting, imitating and changing sentence patterns, simplicity, coherence and appropriateness of language, innovation of language expression, etc. Famous sentences of literary common sense include writers' works, literary genres, famous sentences and ancient cultural common sense. The part of reading classical Chinese in ancient poetry includes words, classical content words and classical function words. As well as the ability of classical Chinese, such as sentence breaking and translation, meaning understanding of classical Chinese, etc. Appreciation of ancient poetry focuses on appreciation method, which is intended to help students break through the difficulties of college entrance examination. Modern Chinese reading includes reading basic knowledge, analysis of modern Chinese reading test sites, literary text reading and applied text reading, which corresponds to the new curriculum standard. In order to cultivate students' reading ability, appreciation ability and inquiry ability in an orderly manner. Edit the first part of this part of the table of contents. Language knowledge and language expression. Requirements of "Language Knowledge and Language Expression" in Examination Syllabus Part I, Modern Chinese Common Sense (1) Language (2) Modern Chinese (3) Three Elements of Modern Chinese (4) Putonghua (5) Dialect Survey (6) Phonetics (7) Syllables (8) Phonemes (9) Vowels (/kloc) Initial 2. The last consonant 3. Zero initial 4. The difference between rhyme head, rhyme belly and rhyme 5. The marking of tone symbols. Sound insulation symbol 8. Reverse cutting 3. Spelling knowledge 1. Capital 2. Join and split. Problems that should be paid attention to in the pronunciation of Chinese characters. 6. The method of recognizing the pronunciation of polyphonic words. Appendix 1. Discrimination of polyphonic characters. Appendix II. A collection of words that are easy to mispronounce. Appendix 3. Words that are prone to mispronouncing in idioms. Appendix 4. Words that are easy to mispronounce in surnames, place names and mountain names. The second part. Chinese characters. 1. The characteristics and evolution of Chinese characters. 2. Chinese character formation method (six books). 3. Chinese stroke names. The rules of China's strokes. Related knowledge of Chinese characters (1) radicals (2) single characters and combined characters (3) traditional characters and simplified characters (4) homophones and polyphones (5) polysemy and variant characters (7) correcting typos (8), dictionaries (reference books) (1) Brief introduction to common reference books/kloc Erya 2. Shuo Wen Jie Zi 3. Dialect 4. Shiming 5. Guangyun 6. Kangxi dictionary 7. China dictionary. Etymology 9. Say goodbye to the sea Corner number word detection (3) the meaning of several symbols in the dictionary Appendix 1 middle school students' easy-to-write typo set Appendix 2 Common other word sets Appendix 3 Analysis of easily confused words Appendix 4 Common easily confused words and idioms Appendix 5 Most common single word sets in contemporary Chinese publications Appendix 6 List of common variant characters Appendix 3 Punctuation marks Part 4 Words Part 5 Sentences Part 6 Extended sentences Part 7: Selection of sentence patterns in compressed sentences. Part X Appropriateness, Language Expression, Innovative Questions Part II, Literary Common Sense and Famous Sentences, Requirements for Chinese Department Examination Syllabus "Famous Sentences and Famous Articles of Literary Common Sense" Part I, Writers' Works Part II, Literary Genre Part III, Poem Famous Sentences Part IV, Ancient Cultural Common Sense Part III, Ancient Poetry Reading Requirements Chinese Department Examination Syllabus "Ancient Poetry Reading" Part I, Text Part II, Classical Chinese Vocabulary Part III Classical Chinese Function Words Part IV Classical Chinese Sentence Patterns Part V Sentence Breaking and Translation Part VI Meaning Understanding of Classical Chinese Text Part VII Appreciation of Ancient Poetry Part IV Examination Outline Modern Chinese Reading Requirements Part I Reading Basic Knowledge Part II Analysis of Modern Chinese Reading Test Sites Part III Literary Text Reading Part IV Introduction of Practical Text Reading Content Since the publication of 1993, the Handbook of Basic Chinese Knowledge for Senior High School has been selling well for a long time. It has become a well-known brand in the necessary reference books and teaching AIDS for senior high school students and teachers in China. In order to live up to the high expectations of readers, we once again invited some first-line and senior experts and teachers from all provinces and cities across the country to carry out a new revision. Experts have made a comprehensive and in-depth study of the Chinese Curriculum Standard for Ordinary Senior High Schools, compulsory and elective textbooks, old syllabus textbooks and Chinese examination syllabus for senior high schools, and absorbed the knowledge essence of relevant authoritative works, newspapers and magazines, striving to make this book a more authoritative, practical and comprehensive reference book. The book is divided into four sections according to the examination scope of China National College Entrance Examination, which systematically introduces relevant knowledge and learning methods. Chinese knowledge and language expression are based on the new curriculum standard.