There are only four beauties of poetry, and there is no so-called four beauties of literature; literature in a broad sense includes everything in the universe, laws and ethics, etc. The four beauties of poetry: 1. Chanting and understanding - the beauty of artistic conception
Poetry creation is the use of image thinking. Therefore, readers must use the works as a basis when appreciating, mobilize relevant knowledge, integrate them, develop associations and imagination, and understand the poems. Beautiful artistic conception.
Example 1. Read the poem "Journey to the Water Country" on the left and complete questions 29-31 after reading. ('91 "Three South" college entrance examination questions)
The road to the water town, 29. In the poem, A, B, B, B and D are the positions of the verses. The ABCD below is
Shuiyunpu; original For poems, fill in the serial numbers of the poems on the corresponding horizontal lines.
Entering the village and leaving the village, A approached and saw several families living there. B is good at oars
A There is a lock in front of C's house. D A oar
A fishing net is used as a door curtain, Answer: A: _ B: _ C: _ D: _
The trees are hung all over; 30. From the perspective of the whole poem, the people in the water town are What kind of person?
B A students returning from graduation B cadres who come regularly
The fire is red, the willow thread is dancing; C the local residents of the township D the interested first time visitors
C 31. Among the following items, what does the poet write clearly? What is written in secret is
Looking for someone, what? (Only fill in one serial number on each horizontal line)
In the depths of the rice sea, step by step, the diligence of the people in the water town
Stands on the frog drum. B The warm and hospitable character of the people in the water town
The sound of frogs and the mist rising from the water; C The stable and quiet atmosphere of the water town
The children setting off the ropes to see off guests; D The picture of the people in the water town living a prosperous life
The bustling scene of Ding E Water Village
Answer: What is written clearly is _, _, and what is written implicitly is _.
"Journey to the Water Country" is a pastoral landscape poem, which shows readers a beautiful picture of the water town in the south of the Yangtze River. The poem depicts the simple folk customs, the gently rocking boat, the fragrant rice flowers, the misty evening mist, and the bursts of frog sounds, which form a complete and full artistic conception, prompting readers to have a sense of beauty. Therefore, judging from the description of the whole poem, on the surface, it describes the peace and tranquility of the water town, which is the sentiment; on the surface, it describes the bustling life and vitality of the water town, which is the meaning; the visitor can't find anyone, which shows that the people of the water town are diligent in work and devote themselves wholeheartedly. It's time to go to work, so "there is a lock in front of every door." This is the charm. The charm is implicit in the lines of poetry. Appreciators can only appreciate each word with their hearts, put their own emotions into the poem, and understand its artistic conception. Therefore, this cannot be found in poetry. Yes, it is the foundation and secret writing. It can be seen that in question 31, C and E are written explicitly, while A is written implicitly.
2. Careful consideration of words and sentences - beauty of image
Poems use language to create images. When readers appreciate the situation, they can understand the artistic conception, penetrate emotions and use rich imagination based on the situation provided by the poem. and creativity, careful consideration of words and sentences, to achieve the purpose of appreciating the beauty of images.
Example 2. In the appreciation of the following poem, one inappropriate item is ('99 national college entrance examination question)
I love this land Ai Qing
If I were a bird, - then When I die,
I should also sing with my hoarse throat: Even the feathers rot in the soil,
This land is battered by the storm,
This river of sorrow and indignation is always raging with us. Why do I always have tears in my eyes?
The angry wind that blows endlessly, because I love this land deeply...
And the extremely gentle dawn from the forest... 1938 November 17th
Poet A did not use words like "beady and smooth" but used "hoarse" to describe the singing voice of the birds, which makes people feel the singer's ups and downs, sadness and persistent love.
B. A set of poems about "land", "river", "wind" and "dawn", describing the suffering of the earth, the people's grief and anger, and their yearning and hope for light.
C. "Then I died,/even my feathers rotted in the earth." These two poems vividly and fully express people's attachment to the land and imply a sense of devotion.
D. "Why are there always tears in my eyes?/Because I love this land deeply..." The "I" in these two lines of poetry refers to the "bird" rather than the poet himself.
Judging from the time of the signature at the end of the poem, this poem was written in the early days of the Anti-Japanese War. It begins with "what if" to strengthen the poet's unique emotions. The image of the "bird" created in the work is very different from the "orioles perching on branches", "cuckoos crying blood" and "egrets soaring to the sky" sung by poets of all ages. This is due to the tragic atmosphere of the times in the early days of the Anti-Japanese War, so the author uses "Hoarse" modifies "throat", which intensifies the poet's feelings of grief and anger, making people appreciate the frustrations, sadness and persistent love for the motherland that the singer has experienced. Therefore, the words "land", "river", "wind" and "dawn" sung successively in the poem are respectively modified with "struck", "sad and angry", "anger" and "gentle", once again strengthening the poet's deep feelings. Emotions describe the suffering suffered by the earth, the people's grief and anger, and their yearning and hope for light. When the reader is impressed by the image created by the poet, the poem uses a dash to highlight "I am dead", allowing the body to fertilize the land, thus forming a contrast before and after death, expressing the poet's attachment and dedication to the land. In the last two sentences of the poem, after intermissions and pauses, questions are raised, feelings are expressed directly, and the emotions reach a climax, pointing out that "I love the land deeply". The poet has returned from the realm of metaphor to reality, and the "I" here is absolutely It is no longer possible to refer to the metaphor "bird", but to the lyrical protagonist himself, so the appreciation of item D in Example 2 is inaccurate.
3. Clarify the context - formal beauty
Modern poetry is very lyrical, whether it is direct or indirect lyricism, it must be realized through the form of expression. The expression form of poetry often uses techniques such as rhyme, metaphor, symbolism, etc., and its structural form and language form have certain leaps. Mastering the jumps in structure can reveal the flow of the whole poem; grasping the gaps between languages ??can fully appreciate the connotation of the poem. These are all convenient for clarifying the context of the whole poem and appreciating the beautiful form of the poem.
Example 3: In the appreciation of the following poem, the inappropriate one is ('2001 National College Entrance Examination Question)
海
Zang Kejia
From the clear blue sky, I saw your color;
From the gusts of breeze, I smelled your breath;
Touching the wet corners of your clothes, Touched your body temperature;
I woke up late at night and heard your strong breathing in my ears.
(1956)
A. The poet uses plain language to write about his feelings about the sea from the four aspects of vision, smell, touch and hearing.
B. From far to near, from day to night, the sea gives the poet different feelings, which form the development level of the whole poem.
C. The poet sublimated his own feelings, personified and brought life to the sea, and showed us the overall image of the sea.
D. The poem reflects the poet's surprise at the splendor of nature. The overall form of this poem is neat. The first six sentences are laid out from the four aspects of vision, smell, touch and hearing, allowing people to appreciate the beauty of the sea from different angles. The last two sentences are the sublimation of the author's emotions, allowing people to feel the spectacular scenery of the sea. .
And the poem cleverly uses personification techniques to describe the sea landscape vividly, allowing people to visit it and feel the beautiful scenery of the sea. Especially the last two sentences of the poem use "your powerful breathing", "breath", "body temperature", "breathing". "" and other words, personify the sea and give life to the sea. Therefore, this is a landscape poem, and the poem does not reveal the poet's philosophy of life. Therefore, the appreciation of item D is incorrect.
Another example is Sha Bai's "Water Country Journey" (see "Example 1"), which has a bright rhythm and beautiful rhythm. The whole poem has four paragraphs, four sentences in one paragraph, a semicolon is used in the second sentence of each paragraph, a period is used in the fourth sentence, and every other sentence rhymes. On the basis of clarifying the context of the work, we can appreciate the beautiful form of poetry. Then, Question 29 in Example 1 is not difficult to solve: because the rhyming words in the whole poem include "road", "pu", "tree", "live", "vice", and "oar"; since it is traveling in a water town, it is When leaving the village, you rely on "an oar", so fill in D in place A; "Fishing nets are used as door curtains, hung all over the trees", so "you can only see them when you walk in, how many families live there", fill in A in place B; after entering the village, you need to find People, I only saw "a lock in front of every house", fill in C at C; where did the people go - "deep in the rice sea", until the "twilight mist rises on the water" (in the evening), the first-time visitor has no choice but to After leaving the village, the adults did not go home, and only the children saw off the guests. However, the children were "good at rowing", so fill in B for Ding.
4. Overall Appreciation - Theme Beauty
Modern poetry vividly reflects social life with highly concise language and perfect structural form. It is general, vivid and lyrical. Sexual, musical and other characteristics. No matter what the poem is, the author always expresses certain thoughts and feelings. When reading, grasp the tone of the author's situation and appreciate the beautiful theme of the poem.
Example 4. Read the following poem and complete questions 9-10 (National Questions in 2000)
Golden Rice Bunch 9. The explanation of this poem is inappropriate One item is
Zheng Min A. "The golden bunch of rice stands / in the mown autumn field,"
The golden bunch of rice stands in a sentence related to time, from Looking at the whole poem, except for "autumn",