Jiang Nanchun's original sentence:
Jiangnan, the sound of green and red flowers, the waterside village in the foothills.
More than 480 ancient temples were left in the Southern Dynasties, and countless pagodas were shrouded in wind and rain.
Translation:
The vast south of the Yangtze River is full of singing and dancing, green trees and red flowers set each other off, and wine flags are flying everywhere at the foot of the water town.
Many ancient temples left over from the Southern Dynasties are now shrouded in this misty rain.
Precautions:
Ti Ying: That is the language of Yan.
Guo: Outer city. This refers to the town.
Wine flag: a small flag hung in front of the door as a sign of a hotel.
Southern Dynasties: refers to the regimes of Song, Qi, Liang and Chen that successively confronted the Northern Dynasties.
Temple 480: The emperors and bureaucrats of the Southern Dynasties built Buddhist temples in Beijing (now Nanjing). The 480 Temple mentioned here is an imaginary number.
Loutai: pavilions and pavilions. This refers to temple architecture.
Misty rain: drizzle, like smoke and fog.
Appreciate:
This song "Jiangnan Spring" has enjoyed a high reputation for thousands of years. The poem not only depicts the beautiful spring scenery in Jiangnan, but also reproduces the vast balcony scenery in Jiangnan, making the scenery in Jiangnan more magical and confusing. Charming Jiangnan, moved by the poet's brilliant pen, is even more exciting. The four sentences in this poem are all landscape words. There are many images and scenery, including plants and animals, which are vivid and colorful, and the scenery is also far and near, combining dynamic and static, and each has its own characteristics. With light words and extremely general language, the whole poem depicts a vivid, colorful and verve picture of spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, presenting a profound and beautiful artistic conception and expressing a series of subtle and profound feelings, which has enjoyed a high reputation for thousands of years.
The first sentence is "thousands of miles of warblers sing green and reflect red". At the beginning of the poem, the poet opened his eyes and imagined the whole land of Jiangnan from the spring scenery in front of him. Thousands of miles south of the Yangtze River, singing and dancing everywhere, pink and green, a scene full of spring. In writing, the poet first used the technique of contrast, matching "red flowers" with "green leaves" and using the word "ying" to highlight the colorful scene of "spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River" from a perspective. At the same time, the poet also showed the lively scene of singing and dancing in Jiangnan in spring from the perspective of sound and hearing. The "a thousand miles" in the poem is wonderful and weighty, which not only expands the aesthetic realm of the poem in space, but also lays the foundation for the later description.
The second sentence is "Mountain Guo Wine Flag Wind". "Mountain Country" Mountain City. Refers to a city built at the foot of a mountain. "Wine flag" refers to the cover hanging outside the ancient hotel. The meaning of this sentence is that in the village near the water and on the battlements near the mountains, there are wine flags fluttering in the wind everywhere. Here, the poet uses Li Jin's rhetoric to describe the objects that come into view-water towns, mangoes and wine flags. From large to small, these images not only show a certain spatial position, but also highlight the unique architectural characteristics of Jiangnan, where the "village" and "country" are surrounded by mountains and rivers. In particular, the word "wind" not only adds to the movement of poetry, but also highlights the "wine flag" better, thus adding to the cultural connotation and humanistic atmosphere of poetry.
The third sentence, "480 halls in the Southern Dynasties", refers to the four dynasties of Song, Qi, Liang and Chen after the Eastern Jin Dynasty and before the Sui Dynasty, all of which were based in Jiankang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu Province), which was called the Southern Dynasties in history. "Four hundred and eighty temples" describes many Buddhist temples. Because Buddhism was very popular in the Southern Dynasties, many temples were built. This means that the Southern Dynasties left more than 480 ancient temples. Here, the poet focuses on the "temple" around the "water town, mountain fruit and wine flag style", broadens the imagination space, and traces his thinking back to the "Southern Dynasties", thus enhancing the historical and cultural connotation of poetry and the aesthetic realm of poetry. At the same time, the poet refers to Buddhism with "temple" and modifies it with imaginary number "480", which not only enriches the poetic image, but also takes care of the "thousands of miles" in the first sentence. More importantly, it shows the prevalence of Buddhism in the Southern Dynasties and lays the foundation for the lyricism of the following sentences.
The fourth sentence is "How many towers are misty and rainy". "misty rain" is a drizzle. Countless towers are shrouded in wind, smoke and rain. Here, the poet did not use "temple", but changed it to "balcony", not only to avoid repetition of words, but also to adapt to such an environment as "misty rain". Here, through the combination of reality and reality, the poet has a history in front of him, and his heart is very emotional-history is always developing and changing, and the replacement of dynasties is inevitable. Here, the poet appreciates the natural beauty of Jiangnan spring from an aesthetic point of view; The poet realized the aesthetic significance of history and culture through deep thinking and crossing time and space.
Du Mu is especially good at depicting beautiful and moving pictures with just four sentences and twenty-eight characters, presenting profound and beautiful artistic conception, expressing implicit and profound feelings, and giving people the enjoyment of beauty and the enlightenment of thinking. "Jiangnan Spring" reflects that the aesthetics in China's poems and paintings are beyond time and space, indifferent and free and easy, with the thought of "epiphany" of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, and more poetic feelings of nostalgia, seclusion and freehand brushwork.
Appreciate the difference:
Regarding the theme of the quatrains in Jiangnan Spring, there are different opinions on whether to use the ancient to satirize the present.
Some researchers put forward the "Irony Theory", arguing that the emperors of the Southern Dynasties were famous for Buddhism in the history of China, and that Buddhism in Du Mu's era was also a vicious development, while Du Mu had anti-Buddhism thoughts, so the last two sentences were ironic. Or think that the main idea is to respect Confucianism and exclude Buddhism, and express concern about the rulers' mismanagement of the country and the mistakes of Buddhism and Taoism; Or that the main idea is to satirize the present by borrowing from the past, satirizing the rulers' excessive construction of Buddhist temples will lead to weak national strength, depressed people's livelihood and aggravate social crisis. They think that the poets in the late Tang Dynasty have a feeling of worrying about the country and the people, and there is no lack of irony in aesthetics, and the connotation of poetry is richer.
Some researchers disagree. They just think that this poem only depicts the beautiful scenery of Jiangnan and shows the poet's praise and yearning for the scenery of Jiangnan. To understand poetry, we should first start with the artistic image, and should not make abstract inferences. Du Mu's opposition to Buddhism does not mean that he must hate the Buddhist temple architecture left over from history. In Xuanzhou, he often goes to Kaiyuan Temple and other places to play. I have also been to some temples in Chizhou and made friends with monks. Famous phrases such as "Clouds on Jiuhuashan Road, Liu Fuqiao on Qingyi River" and "Autumn Mountain and Spring Rain Wandering All over Jiangnan Temple Building" all show that he still appreciates the balcony of the Buddhist temple.