Keywords: Huangzhou's works; Su Shi; Broad-minded; life
Singing and dancing, get pleasure, trouble comes, laugh it off.
-Lin Yutang's Biography of Su Dongpo
Lin Yutang wrote in the preface to Su Dongpo's Biography: "I can say that Su Dongpo is a hopeless optimist, a great humanist, a friend of the people, a great writer, a great calligrapher, an innovative painter, an experimenter in brewing, an engineer, a puritan hater, a practitioner, a Buddhist, a politician and a Buddhist. Wanderers, poets and clowns in the moonlight. But this is not enough to tell the whole story of Su Dongpo. Speaking of Su Dongpo, China people always smile kindly and warmly, and this conclusion may best reflect his characteristics. "
Su Shi is a philosopher and a wise man in life. He is an outstanding genius who combines poetry, prose, fu and painting. He was the most comprehensive cultural master in ancient China. It is the expectation of a nation with many years of cultural precipitation. However, these talents have brought him glory and disaster. Throughout his life, although he was an official in his official career, he was convicted of poetry several times. "Wutai Poetry Case" even nearly cost him his life. Facing the ups and downs and dreamlike life, Su Shi showed great adaptability. In his poems, he felt a sense of responsibility. This vividly reflects his attitude towards life. In the third year of Yuanfeng, Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou as a group training assistant because of Wutai poetry case. When a generation of writers were demoted to Huangzhou, their difficult situation and negative and painful ambivalence were eagerly transformed into his independent personality strength and works. However, his broad-minded mind has adapted him to the situation, his love for life and his enterprising heart. He never forgot to devote himself to the embrace of nature. Huangzhou series of works, such as Ding Feng, Niannujiao Red Cliff Nostalgia and Qianhou Red Cliff Fu, artistically and truly reflect Su Shi's detached, adaptive, wild and open-minded attitude towards life in adversity.
Spend a life covered with straw in fog and rain.
-Su Shi's life in adversity
In the first year of Jiayou (1056), Su Shi, who was in his twenties, left Sichuan and went to Beijing to take the imperial examination. The following year, he took the examination of the Ministry of Ritual and was appreciated by the examiners Ouyang Xiu and Mei. In the sixth year of Jiayou, Su Shi was admitted to senior high school and was awarded the judge of Fengxiang House in Dali. Strong opposition from the nobility. The ruling and opposition parties are divided into two factions: one is a reformist headed by Wang Anshi, and the other is an old school headed by Sima Guang who opposes Wang Anshi's political reform. Su Shi opposes both Sima Guang, who is hidebound, and Wang Anshi, who does not support radical reform measures. When Wang Anshi carried out the political reform with Zongshen's support, he wrote many times to oppose the political reform, always "making an excuse for irony." Su Shi was forced to leave Beijing to seek self-liberation. In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), Su Shi, who had been in Huzhou for less than three months, was arrested and imprisoned for writing poems to satirize the new law, which was known as "Wutai Poetry Case". After he was released from prison, Su Shi was demoted as an assistant in Huangzhou Youth League Training. During this period, he was demoted to Huangzhou. However, this makes him a genius in literary creation, that is, this genius is highlighted in his harsh environment, but he maintains a wild heart and a proud heart.
Political storms are often fickle. After Zongshen's death, Zhezong ascended the throne, Wang Anshi lost power and influence, and Sima Guang was re-enabled as prime minister. Su Shi was recalled to North Korea. After that, in just one or two years, Su Shi was promoted from the Taishou of Dengzhou to the Bachelor of Hanlin and the Minister of Rites. However, after Su Shi was appointed as a local official, he found that some of Wang Anshi's new laws were effective and did not agree to abolish them all, which caused me to be unable to forgive the old party and asked for a transfer. After that, Su Shi was demoted many times and experienced the ups and downs of his career. During Shao Sheng's reign, Zhezong took charge of state affairs and re-launched the new party. As an important member of the old Party, Su Shi was persecuted for the second time and exiled to Lingnan (Huizhou, Guangdong Province), which was a land of shackles. Three years later, he was banished to a lonely and abnormal place.
Looking at Su Shi's life as a whole, just as he laughed at his own bumpy and tortuous life experience: "My heart is like a tree, and my body is like a boat. I asked you about your achievements in life, Huangzhou, Huizhou and Danzhou. " (Portrait of Jinshan) He has been an official for nearly 40 years, and one third of his time was spent in relegation.
Life is like a reverse journey, and I am also a pedestrian.
-The formation of Su Shi's broad-minded attitude towards life in adversity.
A great man once said: Great achievements come from thoughts. No matter where a person is, what he fears most is losing his own thoughts. "Make a heart for heaven and earth, make a life for the people, stop at studying in the holy land, and live in peace forever" (Zhang Zizheng Meng Qianming) is the full embodiment of the sense of social responsibility and historical mission of the literati in the Northern Song Dynasty. Su Shi lived in Huangzhou for five years and faced political setbacks. Or sad, depressed, but with the mind of heaven and earth to do the cause of the world. He accepted all kinds of traditional ideas, adopted the essence of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism with an open and compatible attitude, and formed a profound ideological system and academic system. Confucianism is the foundation, Buddhism is the reference and Buddhism is the inspiration. At the same time, he was born with Buddhism and Taoism. Therefore, he can face the reality with an aggressive, detached and open-minded attitude towards life, and persist in and surpass the reality. On the one hand, he observes problems with Buddhism and Taoism, and insists on the pursuit of life and beautiful things behind his detached and open-minded attitude. On the other hand, with the help of Confucianism, he never gave up his sense of responsibility to save the world and help people in adversity. He completed the legendary creation of a child prodigy with the idea of "saving the world" and "being alone".
Let me take a boat down the river and spend the rest of my life overseas.
-The broad-minded life in Su Shi's Huangzhou works.
During the five years when Su Shi was relegated to Huangzhou, he wrote a lot of works, whether poetry or prose. During this period, his works became more and more mature in ideological content and artistic style. He used precise and concise words to express his understanding and sentiment of life, showing tenacious and optimistic beliefs and detached attitude towards life.
First, be yourself and be detached.
Su Shi, who was once brilliant, was demoted to Huangzhou, and his living conditions were extremely bad, but he was able to keep pace with the times and face it calmly. One of his poems, Arriving in Huangzhou at the Beginning, wrote:
It's ridiculous to laugh all your life for a busy mouth and grow old for a career.
All over the Yangtze River, fish is beautiful, bamboo is good, mountain is fragrant.
A poet is an example of Shui Caolang.
Unfortunately, it didn't help at all. It was a waste of time for the government to crack down on wine bags.
Su Shi came to Huangzhou, a desolate and remote place to be a guest. He didn't complain at all. He laughed at himself for "turning his old career into absurdity", freed himself from the shackles of the cramped utilitarian heart in reality and enjoyed the local fish, water, bamboo and bamboo shoots. How can he have such a carefree attitude towards life without being humiliated and detached? What a free and easy poem!
At that time, he lived in Dinghuiyuan, and he also wrote a song "Living in Dinghuiyuan in Huangzhou, an operator of divination":
When the moon is lacking, people will be quiet at first. Who saw you alone? Vaguely lonely Startled, looking back, no one was saved. Picking up all the cold branches refuses to live, and the lonely sandbar is cold.
The word "solitary" is a symbol of Su Shi's political integrity, such as independence, integrity, self-indulgence, self-indulgence and disobedience. This word is not only the poet's reflection on his ignorance in the past because of dangerous independence, but also his heroic singing of his personality, and he will continue to go his own way in the future! If "Bu Operator lives in Dinghui Garden in Huangzhou" also reveals a trace of the author's inner sadness, then the following "Dingfeng" expresses more calmness and broadmindedness. In March of the fifth year of Yuanfeng (1082), Dongpo went to Husha Lake, three miles southeast of Huangzhou, to buy fields, but it rained on the way, and "the peers were in chaos". Dongpo walked alone and could not worry.
Don't listen to the leaves beating in the forest, why not sing and walk slowly? Bamboo straw sandals are lighter than horses, who is afraid? Misty rain lasts for a lifetime. The chilly spring breeze woke me up, slightly cold, but the mountain was oblique. Looking back at the bleak land, rain or shine.
This sentence is a portrayal of Su Shi's attitude towards the world in the second half of his life: politically frustrated, in adversity, Su Shi still maintains an open mind and a proud heart. No matter how framed, attacked and persecuted by his political enemies, he still smiled and sang happily, strolled through his life in his own way, turned a blind eye to difficulties, faced them calmly and treated them lightly. He is so fond of "A misty rain for life", "No rain, no sunny", so relaxed and great, which is exactly the ideal life realm pursued by Su Shi.
Second, love life and adapt to life.
Su Shi is a person who loves life and nature. He keeps a keen mind to discover and appreciate beauty. He believes: "Everything is impressive. If it's impressive and there's coke, don't blame Chi Mei. Poor food can make you drunk, and fruits, vegetables and plants can be full. I am happy that you push this kind of thing? " (Su Shi's Transcendental Desk) Because of this indomitable mentality, although he lived a poor life in Huangzhou, he was able to take pleasure in suffering. It can be seen that he is looking for the joy of life with a positive attitude, thus reaching the realm of self-adaptation. Xijiangyue fully demonstrated his leisure and complacency:
According to the wild shallow waves, the sky is vaguely covered with clouds.
I want to get drunk and sleep on the grass.
It's a pity that there is a romantic wind. Don't teach me to crush Qiong Yao.
Take off your saddle and rest in yangqiao, Du Yuming is at dawn.
Huangzhou is not a place famous for its scenery, but it can be observed with the poet's aesthetic mind, and the picture depicted is so fascinating. On a spring night, the clouds are light and the wind is light. The horse seems to have a romantic feeling, and the author is even more intoxicated. Affectionate poets love this pleasant scenery and can't bear to disturb the graceful moon shadow in the water, so they dismount and enjoy the scenery drunk, and even fall asleep unconsciously. He blended in with nature. I can't see the difficult situation that he was demoted to Huangzhou at this time. If he didn't really reach the spiritual realm of keeping up with the times, how could he write such a harmonious natural scene
Su Shi has a poem Dongpo in Huangzhou;
The rain washes the east slope and the moon is bright, and pedestrians are exhausted.
Don't be afraid to find the right way to the top of the slope, but love the loud sound of dragging sticks.
Walking on this desolate and remote hillside, Su Shi did not sigh that it was difficult to walk, but leisurely enjoyed the sound of his bamboo pole knocking on the mountain road. Later generations like to call Su Shi "Dongpo" or "Broken Immortal". I think these two words can best summarize his improvisation style. Like other farmers in adversity, Su Shi, like other farmers, is completely integrated into local life. A generation of literary masters are unknown.
Third, indifferent to fame and fortune, bold and broad-minded.
What is rare in life is the word "indifferent", especially those who have been in officialdom for a long time. Su Shi wrote in Lin Jiang Xian Ye Gui Lin Gao:
I woke up drunk after drinking Dongpo at night, and it seemed to be midnight when I came back. My children breathe loudly. I shouldn't even knock on the door. I rely on the sound of the river. I have hated this body for a long time. When should I forget camping? At night, it is calm and the lines are gentle. From then on, Jiang Hai spent the rest of his life.
Dongpo, who came back from drinking at night, "leans on the sky and listens to the sound of the river", eager to abandon fame and fortune and return to nature. He took the boat for anything, integrated his limited life into infinite nature, and showed the poet's ideological course from life frustration to spiritual liberation. "The ship died from then on, and Jianghai spent the rest of his life." In July of the fifth year of Yuanfeng (1082), Su Shi went boating on Chibi with his friends, creating the famous "Three Wonders of Chibi" in the history of literature. Among them, "Nian Nujiao Red Cliff Nostalgia" takes the bold and unconstrained style to the extreme: the characters are developed from the grand space-time environment, vigorous and powerful. But his ambition is hard to be rewarded, and he can only be born early in the end. But the poet is not limited to this, but jumps out of his narrow circle and looks at it aloof: life is like a dream, and things are impermanent. Why should he care about a moment's honor, right or wrong? Later generations commented that the word "has its own heroism and is a true hero". Song Huyin once said: "On the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Shi, a poet in Meishan, washed away the realm of elegance and fragrance, got rid of the degree of euphemism, and made people climb high and look at the distance, lift their heads and sing loudly, but escape the dirt, so flowers are a soap opera and willows are a platform." Niannujiao
In Qian Chi Bi Fu of the same period, Su Shi treated political frustration and impermanence of life from a dialectical point of view, thus dispelling inner pain. Self-changers' point of view: water, moon, people, me, everything remains the same. Although I am only a drop in the ocean in the long history, even in adversity, a promising life still has eternal value. Besides, nature is so generous to everyone, giving you the breeze on the river and the bright moon in the mountains for your endless enjoyment. There is no need to force fame and fortune in the world. Seek the freedom of the soul, and then the beautiful things will belong to the detached soul for a long time. Therefore, the fundamental meaning of life lies in spiritual transcendence and sublimation, and in a thorough grasp of life. The author dialectically views his adversity, adopts a flexible attitude to resolve the contradiction between ideal and reality, extricates himself from the predicament, and shows an indifferent attitude towards fame and fortune, boldness and broadmindedness.
In a word, Huangzhou period is the glorious period of Su Shi's literary creation, and his works in this period contain his thinking about life and his detached and broad-minded style. The important reason why he can reach this level is that the author absorbed the positive factors of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, thus making him an extraordinary scholar in the history of China ancient literature.