Don Liu Changqing
Sunset in the distance,
The weather is very cold and the house is very bad.
Chai Men heard dogs barking,
The snow came back in the evening.
be filled/suffused/brimming with
(1) furong mountain: place name.
(2) Cangshan: Castle Peak.
(3) The White House: the residence of poor families. The roof is covered with cogongrass, or the wood is not painted as a white house. (4) Dog barks: Dogs bark.
(5) Return at night: Return at night.
Translation:
Twilight arrival, the mountains are boundless, and it feels like a long way.
The cold weather makes the thatched cottage look poorer.
Suddenly there was a dog barking outside Chai Men.
At night, I have to stay in the snow.
Appreciation of works:
This poem depicts a picture of a snowy night.
The first two sentences, what the poet saw and felt when he stayed in the mountain village. The first sentence "Sunset is far away" and "Sunset" indicates the time, which is evening. "Cangshan is in the distance" is what the poet saw on his way through the snow. The misty green hills in the distance imply the hardships of trekking and the desire to stay for a long time. The second sentence "it's cold and the family is poor" points out the place to stay. The White House is the main house.
After the last two sentences, the poet wrote about the scene after staying in his master's house. "Chai Men smells dogs barking", the poet went into the hut and went to bed. Suddenly, he heard a dog barking on the sofa. "Going home on a snowy night", the poet guessed that Albert Venn Dicey, the cloak master of Furong Mountain, had returned. These two sentences fall from the perspective of listening and listening, showing a scene in which a dog calls people back.
The interpretation of this poem has always been different, and the main difference lies in the understanding of "Gui". One view is that "coming back" is the arrival of the poet, who suddenly found a place to stay in the misty snow, like "feeling at home". Another view is that the owner of Furong Mountain returns at night in the snow. The key is where the poet stands. The former is that the poet is outside the "White House" and on the way to the snow; In the latter, the poet is in the "white room", or the first two sentences are outside the house and the last two sentences are inside the house.
This poem depicts a cold mountain night with a very concise pen, with tourists staying overnight and snowmen with mountain family style as the background. This poem is written in chronological order. The first sentence is about how tourists feel when they travel on the mountain road at dusk, the second sentence is about what they see when they arrive at the host's house, and the last two sentences are about staying at the host's house after dark. Each poem constitutes an independent picture and is interrelated. There are pictures in the poem, but there are feelings outside the painting.
At the beginning of the poem, the word "setting sun and distant mountains" outlines a long mountain road. There are no characters in the poem, but the reader feels that the feelings are vividly on the paper. Here, the word "far" is a vivid picture, giving people a hint and making people think. From this word, then, the second sentence of the poem allows readers to spend the night with their families along this mountain road along the line of sight of pedestrians. "Cold weather and poor house" is a portrayal of this family. The word "poor" should be the impression formed after seeing the hut from a distance and knocking at the door. The first sentence "Sunset" written in front of "Cangshan Mountain" and the second sentence "Cold weather" written in front of "White House Poverty" are all ways to increase the level and weight of poetry. The long mountain road has made people feel that the road is far away, and it is even farther to see the sunset. The humble hut has made people feel very poor, and it is even poorer in the cold winter. Look at the next sentence, the word "cold weather" in this sentence has its connecting link. The link is to further render the sunset. Revelation is the foreshadowing of a snowstorm at night.
The first two poems, which add up to only ten words, have already written the scene of hiking and accommodation. The last two poems, "Chai Men smells dogs barking, and returns to people in the snowy night", are written after living in the mountain. In terms of words, "Chai Men" inherits "White House", "Snow" inherits "Cold" and "Night" is related to. There is a period of time between dusk and darkness, from cold current invasion to heavy snow, from entering the hut to going to bed, which should be described, but the poem skips this period and omits some plots. Even if the poem is particularly refined, it makes the cause more compact. The poet spent some time considering between the two options. If he hadn't made such efforts, perhaps the second half of the poem should further describe the frustration of those who stayed at home. Write about the desolation of the mountain house and the silence of the environment, or the coming of a snowstorm at night. Otherwise, you can also write about your own travel situation and your feelings after staying at night. But the poet put these things aside and stopped writing, unexpectedly showing a scene of barking in silence. This shows the change of scale, giving people the feeling of sudden peaks on the flat ground.
As far as writing is concerned, the first half of a poem is written according to what you see and hear, and the second half is written according to what you hear and hear. Because since the night has come and people have gone to bed, it is impossible to write what you see, only what you hear. The sentence "Chai Men" should be written about what you heard in the dark hospital: The sentence "Snow" should not be seen, but heard, because all kinds of voices were heard. Perhaps it is because this is the first sound to break the silence of the night and the first sound to be heard. However, what we actually hear is not only the barking of dogs, but also Melissa Zhou's voice, knocking at the door, Chai Men's switch, family's answers and so on. These sounds are intertwined. Although the person who spent the night was not in the hospital and had never witnessed it, it was enough to conceive a picture of Melissa Zhou coming home from this noisy sound.
Master of Furong Mountain, stay in the snow,
Liu Changqing, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote a poem entitled "The Lord of Furong Mountain on a Snowy Night", which was widely circulated and well-known. Among them, the last sentence, "Returning from a Snowy Night", was even borrowed by the playwright as the title of the play, making the poem more famous in the contemporary era. However, the understanding of this poem is quite problematic, and the usual analysis is hardly convincing.
There are two main problems. First, the title. The words "Furong Mountain in the Snow" seem to be enough for this poem. Why did you add the word "master"? So some people think that this is an article and the word "master" should be deleted; Secondly, "Chai Men smells dogs barking and returns to people in the snowy night" is a couplet, and many appreciators have begun to meditate, imagining it as: the poet stayed in a farmhouse in Furong Mountain for one night, and heard the owner of the farmhouse return at night in the snowy night, and the barking person replied. The so-called "these voices are intertwined. Although the people who stayed overnight were not in the hospital and did not witness it with their own eyes, from this noisy sound, it was enough to conceive a picture of a snowstorm returning to people. " ()
There are many appreciation articles like this, but they are similar. Everyone thinks that the first couplet is a snowy night, and the second couplet is heard by poets. "Poetry is meaningless", as a personalized appreciation, might as well create such suspense. But as everyone knows, in this way, not only did the word "master" in the title not fall, but it really became a problem, cutting off the theology of the whole poem and making a poem concise.
Now I might as well copy the whole poem of your poem as follows:
At dusk, Cangshan is far away, it is freezing and the house is poor.
Chai Men hears dogs barking and returns on a snowy night. Liu Changqing (709 ~ 789? ) word study, Xuancheng (now Anhui), Hejian (now Hebei). About the Tianbao period, the official went to Suizhou to make a secretariat. According to [Yuan] Xin Shu Fang's Biography of Tang Caizi, "Changqing is the best in the world, but it is quite vulgar. He just had sex and had a lot of rights, so he moved out twice, with people. Jiang Ting ").
However, he has deep feelings for life and friends. In his own relegation, he still cares about the situation of his friends, such as: "The same work is farther from the princes, and the castle peak Wan Li is alone" ("Farewell to Pei Langzhong, Demote Jizhou"). Judging from the content and emotional appeal of Lord Hibiscus in the Snow House, it is not bad to say that this poem is on the way to being degraded.
For example, the Yellow Crane Tower in Cui Hao ends with "But I look to my hometown, the twilight is getting deeper, and there is a sad mist on the river waves", and Meng Haoran's "Sleeping in Jiande River" ends with "When my boat advances in the fog, the sunlight weakens, and old memories begin". The melancholy contained in it has already set the background tone for the whole poem. Coupled with the bleak realism before the "Cold White House", the desolation of official travel and the grief and indignation of moving have been secretly circulated between the lines. The wonderful thing is to end the couplets and stay in the house as a poet.
The word "home" is exactly what the poet wrote about his feeling of "home". Imagine that it is not easy for a poet to find a temporary shelter at sunset, so he feels comforted and suddenly feels like a master at night. Isn't that reasonable? ! As the poet said in another poem, "these desolate waters, these silent mountains, when you come, like me, are so far away?" ? "(On Passing Jia Yi's Home in Changsha) The situation and taste are exactly the same. The original place of residence is written as if I had returned to my humble home in the country. This kind of "anti-customer-oriented" feeling is intertwined, which not only surprisingly writes a unique feeling, but more importantly, it twists and turns and implicitly expresses my frustration in my official career and infinite sigh in my heart. [Ming] Tang Ruxun commented on this poem: "
This poem not only uses the artistic conception of "opposing the customer"-winning by surprise, but also adopts the artistic techniques that complement each other. Every sentence of the whole poem is enough to become an independent artistic picture, and each picture contains the artistic charm of the unity of opposites between emotion and scenery. The first sentence "The setting sun is far away" is the opposition between a day and a journey, thus strengthening the sadness of relegation. The second sentence "Cold weather and poor White House" is the opposition between cold snow and poor White House. Although the farmer is poor and the White House is simple, it is no less than a rare enjoyment for those who are wandering on the road and eager to avoid the cold. The third sentence, "Chai Men smells dogs barking", Chai Men Fei Jing, is a sign of poverty, but the barking of dogs reveals opportunities and vitality, which is in sharp contrast with the former, and it is also a place where the poet feels more cordial and life-conscious; The fourth sentence, "Snowstorm returns to people at night", means that you are sleepy and cold, but you can return at night, but it contains the emotional return after detachment and the warmth of the world, and it is also the feeling of the soul after suffering. The so-called "great is, Yunlong, poverty is bright flood, fog leopard" returns at night in the snow, and its symbolic significance is also obvious. Because the four paintings seek unity in opposition,
In addition, the rhythm of the words used in this poem also has some noteworthy places. The first sentence "sunset" means going in and out, and "far" means rising tone. Together with the two horizontal tones of Cangshan, one sentence forms the rhythmic beauty of four tones: flat, rising, going and entering, and the other three sentences are roughly the same, or the horizontal tones have yin and yang changes, such as "it's cold", and the Nuo sounds have changed up and down, such as "dog barking" and "snowy night", and the suffixes are "far" and "barking".
It can be seen that the first part of Liu Changqing's poem is mainly objective description, and the second part is mainly subjective expression, which is natural and fluent. In the form of expression, they complement each other and complement each other. In terms of melody, each has its own beauty, and there is no so-called leap in context. Although the poem is full of fu, it still has meaning.
About the author:
Liu Changqing (709-780), a native of Hejian, was a scholar of Kaiyuan. He has supervised the imperial history and finally made a secretariat in Suizhou. According to The Whole Tang Poetry, Changqing's poems were praised by Shang Yuan and Bao Ying. Master Huang Fu said: "There is no Liu Changqing sentence in the poem, and the veteran Song Yu has called; Without the word Luo, Song Yu has been called a sinner. " His name is too heavy. His poems are full of political frustration and also reflect confusion. He is famous for his five words, including Liu Suizhou Collection.
His life was bumpy, and some of his works were sentimental, but they also reflected the desolate scene of the Central Plains after the Anshi Rebellion, such as "Everyone in Muling Guanbei belongs to Yuyang", "Tired Soldiers" and "A Work in a New Way", with a bleak and gloomy style.
Liu Changqing's poems are mainly composed of five words and seven words, especially five words. The five laws are concise and meaningful, such as the New Year's greetings, the Dongting Lake in Yueyang Pavilion, the Palace in Bijian Villa, and the official residence in Haiyan in early spring. There are also many beautiful sentences in the seven laws, such as "wet clothes can't be seen in drizzle, but idle flowers can't be heard when they fall to the ground" ("Don't!