Cuihu Lake Kunming Cuihu 1. Yunnan Cuihu
Cuihu is located at the western foot of Wuhua Mountain in Kunming City and is the central tourist spot in the city. Because it has green water on all sides, green bamboo all year round, and green willows in spring and summer, it is called "Green Lake". Looking south to the Biji and north to the Snake Mountain, you can see the shimmering water and swaying weeping willows. "Ten acres of lotus and fish world, half the city with willow and Buddha towers", it is known as the "emerald" embedded in the city of Kunming. Before the Yuan Dynasty, the water level of Dianchi Lake was high, and it was still a small bay outside the city with many rice fields, vegetable gardens, and lotus ponds, so it was also called "Caihaizi". Because there are nine springs in the northeast, which merge into a pool, it is also called "Nine Dragon Pools". In the early years of the Republic of China, it was transformed into a garden. Willow trees were planted throughout the garden. There were many kinds of camellia in the lake, and it began to be known as Green Lake.
Before the Yuan Dynasty, Cuihu was a bay near Panjia Bay of Dianchi Lake. Li Zhuan said in his poem "A Journey to the Sea of ??Vegetables": "The water in Kunming Lake is three hundred miles away, and the Sea of ??Vegetables is integrated with it. The Jiaolong Cave in the Kingdom of Hanli..." The spring water from Green Lake flows directly into Dianchi Lake.
Mr. Fang Guoyu's research: "Before the early Yuan Dynasty, the shore of Dianchi Lake blocked the foothills in the west. Its north, east and south sides started from Gaoyao Village under Bijiguan, passed through Puping Village and Mianquan Mountain under Xiajia The southern foot of Yaotuan Mountain, Liangjiahe Village, Lingjiaotang, Panjiawan, Tuqiao, Guandu, Haiyan Village, Jinsha Village under Shizhai Mountain, the old school field on the edge of Kunyang City, and even Haikou." (See Fang Guoyu's "Yuan Shi·Sai". "A Summary of the Biography of Dianchi")
In the eleventh year of the Yuan Dynasty (1274), Sai Dianchi paid homage to Yunnan Xingzhongshu Province Pingzhang for political affairs. At the beginning of the thirteenth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1276), " The entrance of the pond in Kunming was blocked, the water reached the city, the fields were abandoned, and the main road was blocked. The public ordered Zhang Lidao to patrol Dali and other places to persuade farmers, and he paid 2,000 soldiers to fight. It took three years to achieve success. Monument") This was the first dredging of Haikou water conservancy project.
"In the 21st year of the Yuan Dynasty (1284), the prefecture was reformed, but the county remained the same. There was Kunming Pond for 500 miles in the area, Xia Lianbi took the city outskirts, and Zhang Lidao was the envoy to encourage farmers in Dali and other places. , seek the source of the spring, release its water, and obtain more than ten thousand hectares of land, all of which will be fertile farmland." (Lian of the Yuan and Song Dynasties, "History of the Yuan Dynasty·Geography·Yunnan Province"), during several large-scale water conservancy projects in the Yuan Dynasty, the water level of Dianchi Lake dropped, and Green Lake was separated from the surface of Dianchi Lake, becoming a pool of beautiful water that was "clear and beautiful", and the lake was "red and dry" Inexhaustible, the natives planted thousand-leaf lotus in the middle, and there were "half a vegetable garden" around it, which was called Caihaizi, also known as Cuihai. In the lake northeast of Cuihai, there are nine water springs. "The nine springs come out and merge to form a pool, so it is called Jiulong Pool." The water from Cuihu Lake flows into Dianchi Lake through the river.
In the 14th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1381), Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang ordered Fu Youde, Lan Yu, and Mu Ying to conquer Yunnan. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the Liang King of Yunnan, Bazac Valmi, was defeated and surrendered to the Dianchi Lake (he was poisoned) , the Ming army pacified Yunnan. In the 16th year of Hongwu (1383), Fu Youde and Lan Yu returned to Nanjing, and Zhu Yuanzhang's adopted son Xipinghou Muying stayed in Yunnan. In the 19th year of Hongwu (1386), Mu Ying built Kunming Brick City and enclosed Cuihu Lake in the city. (Qing Dynasty Ni Sui's "Dian Yun Li Nian Biography") In the 23rd year of Hongwu (1390), Mu Ying imitated the famous Western Han Dynasty general Zhou Yafu to station troops in Xiliu Camp, and built "Liu Camp" on the west bank of Cuihu Lake to "plant willows and herd horses." "Yi Tong Zhi·Yunnan Zhi·Shanchuan" of the Qing Dynasty records: "Jiulong Pond is located in Kunming County, and half of the land is occupied by vegetable gardens, so it is also called Caihaizi. It is a rice field on the level, and a lotus pond below, along the right side of Wuhua, running through the city In the southwest, it merges with the Panlong River and reaches Dian Lake. In the Ming Dynasty, the Mu family had another business on it, which was called Liuying. Horse River". There is a poem describing Mu Ying's horse washing at Liu Ying: "A row of lush willows brings old horses. The general wants to wash his armor, and the sacred horse shines on its own." In the late Qing Dynasty, Chen Rongchang also wrote a poem "Horse Washing at Liu Ying": "If you don't want to live in the city, , there is the Yafu camp, and the new soldiers and soldiers are willing to wash away the bones, and vow to fight against the chaos."
Hong Wu Er. On June 10, the 15th year (1391), Mu Ying died at the age of 48. Mu Ying's eldest son Mu Chun attacked the Marquis of Xiping, and the Willow Camp in Cuihu was changed to "Weeping Willows among Weeping Willows" and "Taiwan Pavilion Floating on the Water". The villa of Mu family, Duke of Guizhou. In the Ming Dynasty, the Mu family, the Duke of Guizhou, was hereditary, and his residence was in today's Shengli Hall. Cuihu Liuying was a "bieye", and "Xiyuan Shuiyun Township" was built near Huapu on the bank of Caohai.
In the tenth year of Shunzhi of the Qing Dynasty (1653), Liu Wenxiu, the "King of Nan'an" of the Western Army, returned to Yunnan. In the 13th year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1656), Zhu Youlang, Emperor Yongli of the Southern Ming Dynasty, entered Yunnan and named Liu Wenxiu the "King of Shu". Liu Wenxiu designated Mu's Liuying branch as the "Prince of Shu's Mansion", also known as "Nanfu" .
In the fifteenth year of Shunzhi of the Qing Dynasty (1658), Pingxi King Wu Sangui led the Qing army to attack Yunnan. In December, the three Qing armies met in Qujing, and Emperor Yongli Zhu Youlang fled westward to Myanmar. In the 17th year of Shunzhi (1660), the Qing court ordered Wu Sangui to reside in Yunnan. Wu Sangui "Qi Mu's Imperial Palace" and the Yongli Palace in Wuhua Mountain was called "Pingxi Palace". In the first year of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1662), Wu Sangui hanged Emperor Yongli and his son in Jinchan Temple at the western foot of Mount Wuhua. The Jinchan Temple Slope was then called the "Forcing Death Slope". In the third year of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1664), Wu Sangui "found Liu Wenxiu's former residence because of its small size", so he "filled in half of the Caihaizi and built it into a new residence". The stone railings of Xinfu are all marble reliefs, which is extremely luxurious. In the Qing Dynasty, Li Zhuan's poem "A Journey to the Sea of ??Vegetables" describes Wu Sangui's extravagant desire to build a new palace: "It had only been a few days since the bow and armor was laid, and the generals were ordered to select talents to build the palace. Emperor Ming's palace was not satisfactory, but he was told to see A Fang out. Military order The propaganda men moved the mountains and reclaimed the sea for only a moment...the carved and embroidered gates produced clouds and smoke, but there were ten continents and three islands.
The golden house and the red door lock the beauties, singing and dancing in all seasons of spring. The fragrance of flowers and plants in the pavilions is refreshing to the bones, and the scales of wine are growing on the moonlit night. It is hard to watch the servants who are proud and happy, and there is a bird as big as a camel on the head of the dragon..."
On the 11th of the twelfth year of Kangxi's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1673) In March, Wu Sangui raised the banner of "The whole world is recruiting Marshal Ma" to fight against the Qing Dynasty. In the 16th year of Kangxi (1677), Wu Sangui was defeated in Dongting and retreated to Hengzhou (Hengyang) in the 17th year of Kangxi (1678). In August, Hengzhou was proclaimed emperor in a hurry, with the country name "Zhou" and the reign name "Zhaowu". In August of the 17th year of Kangxi, Wu Sangui died of a sudden illness in Hengzhou. His grandson Wu Shifan succeeded him and changed the name to "Honghua". (1679) Wu Shifan's 140,000 troops were wiped out by the Qing army in Hunan. The following year, Wu Shifan was defeated and retreated to Yunnan. Wu Shifan lived in Cuihu New Mansion, which was renamed "Honghua Mansion" outside the gate of Honghua Mansion. The stone bridge was called "Honghua Bridge". The river has been transformed into a sewer, and the place name "Honghua Bridge" still exists.
On October 28, the 20th year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1681), the Qing army " "Conquer Yunnan and enter its city", "Honghua Mansion" was later renamed "Chenghua Garden".
In the 27th year of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1688), Fan Chengxun, Governor of Yunnan and Guizhou, demolished the Wu residence in Honghua Mansion and used wood and stone materials It was used to rebuild Taihua Temple in Xishan. The marble relief railings of Honghua Mansion are still preserved in front of the Main Hall and Piaomiao Tower of Taihua Temple. In the 31st year of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1692), Yunnan Governor Wang Jiwen built " Biyi Pavilion", later known as "Haixin Pavilion". "Laishang Tower" was built on the shore of Hubei Lake. Calligrapher Tu Hao inscribed plaques for Biyi Pavilion and Laishang Tower: "Spring Drunken Penglai" and "Shiguantang" .
In the sixth year of Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty (1728), the "Dragon God Temple" was built "on the Jiulong Pond in the west gate of the city..." The Dragon King of Yinong of Yunnan was granted the title of Fu, and the imperial chariot of statues was sent to Yunnan, and the temple was built in time. To offer sacrifices and celebrate the auspicious month. "(Qing Dynasty Yongzheng's "Yunnan General Chronicles") In the fifty-eighth year of Qianlong's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1793), Dunzhu, the prefect of Yunnan, rebuilt the Dragon God Temple, also known as the Black Dragon Temple.
The first year of Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty (1796) , Kunming, "The Maru people of Tongyi worshiped Guanyin, donated hundreds of funds, built a courtyard, solemnized the golden statue, and worshiped it. "Xiaolian Ni Shiyuan (ziyue Yunpu), who lived by the green lake, "passed here day and night, and kept thinking that there was no room for him except a pavilion, so he proposed to donate two feet of the west foundation to build a house with three rooms as a place to stay. . Monk Yu'an of Yanyongfeng Temple lives in Xi and offers incense every year. The surrounding thatched cottages were purchased, filled with solid material and wide, and the foundation was built. "Jiang Yupu (ziyue Yuanting), the right minister of the Ministry of Industry, "donated generously... Shi Bocai started construction and built three couplets in the attic, enshrining the golden statue of the great scholar, three couplets in the front hall, dedicated to Lu Zu, and three couplets in the back hall, dedicated to Cang Sheng. The statue of Emperor Wenwu Zengfu Xuantan. Later, Zhu Yuanliang "advocated donating to build three more couplets in the Mawang Hall and five more wing rooms in the east chamber." Jinnan observed that Liu Yu "donated to build three more couplets in the Thunder Temple, three more couplets in the Wulong Temple, and made pavilions, furnaces, bells and drums." The front and back halls and the buildings in the east chamber are all majestic and magnificent, and the temple has a completely new appearance." "The main road in the center of the sea stretches for more than 300 feet from north to south. Over the past hundred years, they have all collapsed, become narrow and low-lying, rainwater prevailed, and flooded Flooded partitions. There was the Northern Governor Yi Gongdezhi, who advocated donating money to increase the height and width, and it took half a year to build a flat building. "
Ni Shiyuan, Ni Xiu and abbot Yu'an built the Lianhua Zen Temple project, which lasted 21 years. By the 21st year of Jiaqing, "Bingzi (1816) Jiaping was completed" (Ni Xiu's " "Inscription on the Ding Jian Lotus Temple").
In the 15th year of Daoguang reign of the Qing Dynasty (1835), Ruan Yuan, the governor of Yunnan and Guizhou, built a bamboo fence along Cuihu Lake, "circling the south of the temple to the north of the temple. "Stone bridges were later erected on the north and south long embankments, the Swallow Bridge in the south of the embankment, the Tingying Bridge in the north of the embankment, and the Cailing Bridge in the middle of the embankment. Ruan Yuan also built the Xixuan Boat House and the "Lianxiao Tower" in Cuihu Lake (Note: One said "Lianxiao Tower" The "Laughing Tower" was built by Wu Sangui). Yilibu, the then governor of Yunnan, wrote the "Poetry and Preface to the Haixin Pavilion Freeing Life Pond". The preface says: "The Longtan in front of the Lotus Temple is unpredictable and deep, where the Lin tribe gathers latently. Every winter, the residents of Binghai row small boats to catch fish, and no one is immune to the giant-scaled hyenas... On three sides of the pond, bamboo fences of more than 70 feet are made of wood and bamboo to store water and protect fish. ”
Yilibu, courtesy name Xinnong, was born in Xianghuang Banner. He was a Jinshi in Jiaqing of the Qing Dynasty and served successively as the prefect of Tengyue and Yongchang in Yunnan. In the fifth year of Daoguang (1825), he was appointed governor of Yunnan and in Yunnan and Guizhou in the fifteenth year of Daoguang (1835). In the 19th year of Daoguang's reign (1839), he was transferred to the governorship of Liangjiang.
In the 10th year of Guangxu's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1884), Cen Yuying, the governor of Yunnan and Guizhou, rebuilt the Lotus Temple. "The willow Buddha tower in the city". In the ninth year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1883), Jinshi Chen Rongchang once wrote "Eight Scenes of Nine Dragons Pond", namely "the eagle in the spring tree, the moon in the autumn window, the sound of books in the jingshe, the lights and shadows in the restaurant, and the willow camp" Wash horses, watch fish in the Lotus Temple, enjoy the shade with green poplars, and listen to the rain with green lotuses."
Jingzheng Academy was built on the north bank of Cuihu Lake in the 17th year of Guangxu's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1891). In the 28th year of Guangxu's reign (1902) ) abolished the Jingzheng Academy and transformed it into the Yunnan Provincial Capital Middle School. In the first year of Xuantong in the Qing Dynasty (1909), the "Yunnan Army Lecture Hall" on the north bank of Cuihu Lake was built on the site of Liuying in the Ming Dynasty and Wu Sangui's new mansion in the early Qing Dynasty. When the martial arts lecture hall was being built in the middle school, it was moved to the Black Dragon Temple, and the former site of the school was changed to the Yunnan Provincial Library.
When Yuan Jiagu, the first in economic special subjects in the late Qing Dynasty, lived on the north bank of Cuihu Lake, he stayed with Cuihu Lake day and night. There are a large number of poems describing Cuihu. The poem "Early Autumn of Cuihu" says: "The Qiao River Fishing Mountain is the first city, and the moon is three o'clock by the pavilion in the middle of the lake. In the new autumn, a few people picked up the yellow leaves that fell to the ground, and the silent poetry has sound."
At the end of the eighth year of the Republic of China (1919), Tang Jiyao renovated the east and west embankments of Cuihu Lake, and built his family's "Shuangjiefang" on both ends of the embankments. The "Weidong" iron bridge is built on the east side of the embankment, and the "Dingxi" stone bridge is built on the west side of the embankment.
This east-west embankment intersects with the north-south embankment at the island in the middle of the lake. Yuan Jiagu's poem "On the Embankment of Green Lake": "The trees on the left and right meet the Green City Cave, and the shallow and deep water swells into a green pool. The two embankments are like a sea of ??cars and horses, allowing me to find small poems beside the flowers."
When Long Yun was the chairman of Yunnan Province, in 1932 he destroyed the Buddhist and Taoist clay sculptures of Lianhua Chanyuan. From 1933 to 1934, the Lotus Temple was rebuilt according to the park plan. The temple was demolished to view the three-layer courtyard facing north and south, and the Siheyuan Huxin Pavilion complex was rebuilt. The gate faced west to east, and the main hall in the middle of the courtyard was changed into a "stage". The north and south Huxin Pavilions were At each corner, a double-eaves octagonal pavilion is built. Two octagonal pavilions still exist today.
2. Sichuan Green Lake
The first scenic lake in northern Sichuan.
Cuihu, formerly known as Xiangshuitan Reservoir, started construction in 1959. In August of the following year, the dam was built to store water, with a water storage capacity of nearly 1.7 million square meters. Later, the county party committee and government took full advantage of the natural conditions and built the reservoir into a tourist scenic spot in 1983, naming it Cuihu Lake. The word "Green Lake" was written by the famous calligrapher Li Banli.
There is a local legend about the origin of Xiangshuitan: Zhou Shijin, a stonemason with great skill, saw that the fields were dry for a long time and decided to go to the Dragon Palace to pray for rain for the people. After nine days, his body was exhausted, so he fell into a cave. Finally, he passed through ninety-nine and eighty-one difficulties and came to the Dragon Palace. The Dragon King was moved by his spirit and gave him a golden bell. Whenever it rains, he will have it. Just shake the golden bell, and from then on people can live and work in peace and contentment. After his death, people placed a stone box in front of his grave and placed the whole bell in the stone box. A selfish man secretly took the rain to anger the Dragon King. The Dragon King took back the golden bell again, but a stream gushed out just below the bell. The water passed through the stone beach and made a roaring sound. People named the beach Xiangshui Beach.
On the right side of the dam is the "Wanghu Tower" written by Zhao Yunyu, a great calligrapher. The Wanghu Tower has three floors, and you can enjoy the scenery on each floor. Looking up, you can see the surrounding mountains. All the scenery is panoramic. The dam is downstairs. The white railings are neatly arranged on both sides of the dam, like jade belts inlaid on the stone dam. There is a poem in Wanghu Tower to prove it: The jade belt locks thousands of mountains and rivers horizontally, and the golden arms hold up the sky. "Xia".
Taking a wooden boat, you can go to another scenic spot in Cuihu, which is Longhua Mountain. There are many beautiful legends here. The most widely spread is that Longhua Mountain and the jade behind the mountain are Fengshan is a brother and sister. Brother Longhua protected the safety of the people and crops, resisted the strong waves with his body, and was finally drowned by the water. Sister Yufeng was so hurt that she also fell to the ground and died, and it is said that Longhua stood up like two mountains. The trees on the mountain are never afraid of drought, and they grow lush and lush every year, which is very popular.
There is a pavilion on Longhua Mountain called Longhua Pavilion. There is a yellow jujube tree in front of the pavilion, which is about 100 meters long. It has a history of more than 500 years. Because of its long history, it attracts people to linger. There is a small pavilion on the left, called "Youran Pavilion". There are stone benches and tables in the pavilion. The couplet in front of the pavilion "Across the water, the bamboo is green, and the mountain is close to it." "Little Pavilion Red" describes the elegance of the small pavilion in a realistic form.
After visiting Longhua Pavilion, you can come to Jianshan Temple, another scenic spot in Cuihu Lake. After walking through a row of corridors, you will see the famous The "Gui Qu Lai" pavilion written by the master sculptor Liu Kaiqu has two couplets inside and outside, "The moon passes through the bottom of the wave, the boat presses the center of the water", and "Go back after you have enjoyed yourself, and you can come back again to explore the secluded area", which is very interesting.
< p>After walking dozens of steps, you will reach the "Silver Wind Tower" written by Chu Tunan. Standing here, you can see the eight sceneries of Green Lake: Jade Belt Causeway, Fangyuan Autumn Moon, Silver Wind Reflection, Longhua Evening Photo, Pinghu Lake, and Overflowing waterfalls, Guishan Range Rover, and Jincheng smoke and clouds are engraved with a huge cursive character "Tiger", which means six kinds of virtue and respect, building civilization, knowing clearly that there are tigers in the mountains, preferring to travel to Tiger Mountains, high mountains and flowing water, and so on. There are poems, family happiness, and everything goes well in the paintings, which can be described as ingenious.The Yinfeng Pagoda has three floors, and each floor has a window to watch the water and lake light. Standing at the window, Let the breeze blow on your face, and a sense of comfort will come suddenly. There is a couplet that says: "Climb the stairs to enter the outside world and enjoy the beautiful scenery in nature. "The tranquility of its environment and the beauty of its meaning are all in it. Cuihu is located on the outskirts of Guang'an Yuechi. You can take bus No. 7 in the city and spend one yuan on the fare to reach your destination. I went there last time , Cuihu is still worth seeing, but unfortunately there are not many people. Moreover, there are many farmers living in Cuihu Scenic Area. The ticket price is two yuan per person, but the person who collected the ticket discounted it when he saw that there were many people. Lazy.
There is an ancient verse poem in Cuihu that is said to be written by Lu Youti. I have forgotten the content, but it sounds very pastoral and leisurely like that of Tao Yuanming back then! See the taste of Nanshan! You need to take a boat to see many of the scenic spots in Cuihu, such as the towers, which are quite exquisite. The one I remember most is the Forest of Steles in the Northern and Southern Wei and Jin Dynasties, which had many kinds. The fonts have different styles, but they are all very powerful. They have survived thousands of years of wind, frost, rain, and snow, and they still retain their courage as they age! I wonder if those literati knew that their handwriting was gradually being forgotten, or was being replaced by others! Memories, will you celebrate that time has not taken away everything, or sigh that time will slowly take away these small prides?
There is another scenic spot that does not require a boat ride, it is a large and bustling area! In the spring, the pear blossoms bloom everywhere, and they are so beautiful. Then when the wind comes, the pear blossoms slowly fall down in the lightest and lightest posture, more perfect than any dancer, as if they can fall. The softest place in everyone's heart.
I have seen pear blossoms before, but the scene of pear blossoms paving the ground here is particularly beautiful and heart-warming to me!
3. Beijing Cuihu
Cuihu Wetland Park
Beijing Cuihu Wetland Park is located in Shangzhuang Town, Haidian District, with a planned area of ??700 hectares. . At present, the first phase of the Cuihu Wetland project has been completed. By excavating ecological channels around the lake, 1,500 acres of low-lying land on the north side of Shangzhuang Reservoir has been transformed into an ecological park with wetland ecological characteristics. More than 400 species of wetland animals and plants have been introduced to form a wetland landscape. . In addition to collecting rainwater, wetlands can also purify domestic sewage discharged from upstream villages. There are lotus ponds, reed ponds, wild wetland plant exhibition areas, waterfowl sanctuaries, wetland ecological agriculture parks, and environmental ecological water areas in the park. The park has a beautiful environment, clear lake water, and rich aquatic plants. It has the charm of a Jiangnan water town. It has become a preferred place for migratory birds to spend the winter in Beijing or to transit south. Relevant experts predict that by the summer of 2005, the number of birds and waterfowl in Cuihu Wetland Park will reach more than 50 species and more than 3,000 individuals.
A series of leisure and entertainment projects such as barbecue, fishing, and farmhouses have been formed around Cuihu Lake for people to enjoy on weekends and holidays. The Nalan Garden on the edge of Cuihu Lake even integrates the famous Nalan Pearl. Son of Nalan Xingde, the first poet of the Qing Dynasty, the memorial hall is a cultural leisure place integrating accommodation, catering and entertainment.
Available bus lines: No. 303, 652, 512
4. Kunming Cuihu
Cuihu Park
Introduction: Cuihu Lake Park is located in the north of Kunming City. It is one of the most beautiful parks in the city. Every year in November and December, groups of red-billed gulls from Siberia come here to spend the winter. In addition to the unique beauty here, tourists can also feel a very strong cultural atmosphere, because China's famous Yunnan University is here. In addition, it is the only park in Kunming that is open until 10 pm, making it a good nightlife venue.